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Post-Colonial Restructuring of Human Rights Systems in Morocco
Get PDFA surge of academic criticism has followed the NGO corporatization trend (‘NGOization’) of the 1980s. NGOs have been called an extension of neoliberal ideology as they are pressured to depoliticize and corporatize their structures. NGOs have been forced to fit into an international schema of aid work that compromises their ability to bring about impactful change within their own communities. This trend has been cultivated by shrinking neoliberal governments and an intensified reliance on NGOs to fulfill international human rights requirements. This project examines the role of Rabat women’s rights organizations within the context of Morocco as a neoliberal state and within the larger international NGO system. This study re-centers the individual experiences of NGO work within Rabat as organizations attempt to function within the damaging manifestations of neoliberalism and colonial feminism that impact the international NGO system. The purpose of this study is to challenge the ways that the international system inhibits the goals and successes of local women’s rights groups with conventional aid practices and to amplify the autonomy and vision of the activists working for women’s rights in Rabat, Morocco
La Mujeres y su Derecho a la Cuidad: Una evaluación del Proyecto de Integración Urbana en Villa 31 con perspectiva de género
No full textThe urbanization project unfolding in Villa 31 in Buenos Aires is one of the largest and most well funded projects of its type. At its inception, the project sought to integrate Villa 31 with the rest of Buenos Aires. The project looked to incorporate Villa 31, a low-income neighborhood, in the city into the fabric of the bustling Buenos Aires. However, the integration project not only struggled to bring that dream to fruition, but it has largely left the needs of women in the neighborhood unmet. Specially, women are still being denied access to economic opportunity, security and justice despite a massive state presence in the neighborhood.
This investigation explores the ways in which the city department of Buenos Aires and its sub-departments have failed to institutionalize its gender policy within the project for integration. Through interviews with various social workers and department officials, this investigation explores how the project has loosened its priorities regarding social integration. The paper then explores how those changing institutional priorities affect women disproportionately.
El proyecto de urbanización que se desarrolla en Villa 31 en Buenos Aires es uno de los proyectos más grandes y mejor financiados de su tipo en el país. En sus inicios, el proyecto aspiraba integrar Villa 31 con el tejido social del resto de Buenos Aires. El proyecto buscaba traer una transformación total del barrio. No obstante las prioridades del proyecto han ido cambiando. Con la reducción del aspecto social del proyecto, las mujeres de Villa 31 se encuentran especialmente vulnerables. Aunque el estado tienen una obligación legislativa a las mujeres, en el contexto de Villa 31, esas obligaciones se pierden detrás de proyectos de infraestructura.
Esta investigación explora las formas en que el departamento de la ciudad de Buenos Aires no ha logrado institucionalizar su política de género. A través de entrevistas con varios trabajadores sociales y funcionarios del departamento, esta investigación explora cómo el proyecto ha cambiado sus prioridades con respecto a la integración social. Luego, el documento explora cómo los cambios en las prioridades institucionales afectan a las mujeres
Crisis in Crimea: A Case Study in Geopolitics
Get PDFThis research project conducts an analysis of the current situation in Crimea and attempts to contribute to the literature around a possible solution. Done so with the help of geopolitical analysis, the history of the region of Crimea is examined in-depth in an attempt to shed light on strategies for a resolution and provide background information. Geopolitical analysis as a form of study is then briefly explained and its relevancy for looking at global events and predicting outcomes explained. Next, three possible strategies for a solution are then presented and their viability analyzed through a geopolitical lens. These three strategies are: unilateral pressure and sanctions, multilateral incorporation, and a shared sovereignty approach. This project concludes by arguing that the best way to proceed towards a solution in Crimea is through a synthesis of all three strategies, with an emphasis on multilateral incorporation
Beach composition preferences for nesting populations of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), Armila Beach, Guna Yala Comarca
Get PDFSea turtles play a critical role in marine ecosystems all over the world, including the Caribbean Sea. However, many sea turtle species are under threat due to anthropogenic impacts, such as habitat destruction and fisheries bycatch. This has caused significant declines in sea turtle populations around the world, which in turn has impacted marine ecosystems where sea turtles play critical roles in proper ecosystem functioning. A crucial part of the sea turtle life cycle that has been threatened by anthropogenic factors is nesting. Sea turtles rely on unspoiled beaches with particular physical characteristics for laying their eggs. One of the most important nesting sites for leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in the Caribbean is Armila Beach, a five-kilometer long beach in the Guna Yala Comarca in Panama close to the border with Colombia. Since the physical characteristics of beaches are of key importance to sea turtles, the goal of the study was to determine if there was a possible association between specific beach characteristics and the number of D. coriacea nests found at different sections of the beach. Using the Nesting Beach Indicator tool, 100-meter sections, the length of Armila’s 5km beach was divided into fifty (50) one hundred meter (100m) sections and each section was assessed for its physical characteristics such as elevation, slope, sand type and width. It was found that D. coriacea strongly preferred to nest on sections of the beach where sediment composition was primarily sand as opposed to gravel or rocks. Apart from sediment type, only beach width was found to have a significant effect on the number of nests present
Los Microcosmos de la Interculturalidad? Una mirada al cómo los trabajadores de la salud biomédica de orígen indígena relacionan con los modelos de salud tradicional y occidental
No full textResearch Question: How does a biomedical health professional with indigenous roots in Chile relate the biomedical model of healthcare with the alternative indigenous model in their practice?
Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to understand how and if a biomedical health professional with indigenous roots relates and integrates two models of healthcare in their daily practice. A Secondary objective was analyzing if integration affects philosophy of care in relation to patients in critical conditions. In sum, it looked to study biomedical health professionals with indigenous roots as potential microcosms of interculturality that can demonstrate the benefits of a more equitable intercultural system.
Background: Amidst the global conversation of cultural competency and studies exposing the health inequities in its indigenous groups, Chile began a program of intercultural health in 1980. In the past 40 years, efforts to achieve an intercultural health care system have included implementation of educational programs in facilities, 2 intercultural hospitals, and inclusion of traditional healers in biomedical facilities with high indigenous populations. However, interculturality is still constructed as process of conversation between two actors from two different cultures. The study argued that this construction inhibits an equitable system of interculturality and perpetuates the hierarchy of knowledge. It argued that indigenous knowledge and philosophies are excluded from the health world, instead of being incorporated into biomedical techniques in beneficial ways.
Methodology: This study is comprised of 12 semi-structured interviews that took place in the Arica-Parinacota region of Chile. 9 of the interviews were conducted with biomedical professionals with indigenous origins. 2 of the interviews were conducted with Aymaran doctors. 1 of the interviews were with a current medical student.
Results: Analysis of common themes within the interviews showed that an understanding of indigenous health emerges to be integrated into a practitioners treatment philosophies. However, results showed that external factors—current exposure to culture, education, politics, power dynamics—affected whether such integration is expressed consciously or subconsciously.
Pregunta Principal: ¿Cómo relaciona un funcionario occidental que viene de una cultura indígena los dos modelos de salud-enfermedad en su práctica?
Objetivos: El objetivo primario de esta investigación fue entender cómo y si a un funcionario de salud biomédico con orígenes indígenas relaciona e integra los dos modelos de salud-enfermedad en su práctica cotidiana. Un objetivo secundario fue analizar si esta integración afecta la filosofía de cuidar a pacientes en condiciones críticas. En conclusión, intentó a estudiar los profesionales de salud biomédico con orígenes indígenas como microcosmos de la interculturalidad quienes pueden demostrar los beneficios de un sistema intercultural más equitativo.
Antecedentes: En medio de la conversación global de la competencia cultural y nuevos estudios que expusieron los inequidades de salud en las poblaciones indígenas, Chile empezó un programa de salud intercultural en los 1980s. En las últimas 40 años, esfuerzos para lograr un sistema intercultural han incluído la implementación de unos programas educativas, 2 hospitales interculturales y la inclusión de médicos tradicionales en facilidades biomédicas con alta poblaciones indígenas. Sin embargo, la interculturalidad todavía es construida como un proceso de conversación entre dos actores desde dos culturas. Este estudio argumenta que esta construcción inhibe un sistema equitativo de la interculturalidad y perpetúa una jerarquía del conocimiento. Presenta que el conocimiento y las filosofías indígenas son excluidos del mundo de salud, en lugar de ser incorporado en las técnicas biomédicas en maneras beneficias.
Metodología: Estuvo compuesta de 12 entrevistas semi-estructuradas. 9 de ellas fueron con funcionarios biomédicos con orígenes indígenas. 2 of the entrevistas fueron con médicos Aymara. 1 fue con un estudiante de medicina.
Resultados: El análisis de temas comunes de las entrevistas indicó que un entendimiento del modelo indígena de la salud-enfermedad es integrada en las filosofías del tratamiento de los funcionarios. Sin embargo, los resultados demostraron que factores externas—la exposición hoy en día a la cultura, educación, políticas y dinámicos de poder—afectaron si la integración fuera expresada conscientemente o inconscientemente
Pasantía en RED OSS: Más que una Clínica
No full textRED OSS es una organización en Conchalí, Santiago que provee pruebas rápidas de VIH y actualiza otras pruebas para ETS en una manera gratuita desde 1991. Durante mi pasantía, investigué como una organización disminuye las desigualdades de salud. También aprendí sobre el financiamiento de RED OSS, las pruebas rápidas y el nicho de RED OSS en un país con un sistema pública. Utilicé observaciones y entrevistas para estudiar la clínica. Tuve oportunidades para asistir los talleres para prevenir homofobia y ver las consejerías con un voluntario. También actualicé el sitio web para reflejar los servicios que RED OSS ofrece. En total, aprendí mucho durante la pasantía y entendía cómo los temas de las clases se relacionan con la sociedad.
RED OSS is an organization in Conchalí, Santiago that provides rapid tests for HIV and tests for other STDs free of charge since 1991. During my internship, I investigated how a private organization works to fight inequalities in health in marginalized communities. I also learned about how RED OSS is financed, the rapid tests themselves, and the niche that a clinic like RED OSS has in a country with an established public health system. I had opportunities to observe classes about preventing homophobia by seeing counseling sessions with the volunteers. I also updated the website to reflect the services that the clinic provides. Altogether, I understood how the themes we covered in class relate to society
Syrian Refugee Mothers in Jordan: Perceived Social Support and Postpartum Depression
Get PDFMany women suffer from postpartum depression; migrant women experience postpartum depression at rates almost triple that of the general population. This study investigated the associations between perceived social support and postpartum depression among Syrian refugee mothers living in Amman, Jordan. Eleven mothers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) - Shortened Version. Four of those mothers also participated in individual interviews, and four others were included in a focus group. Multiple recurring themes were identified from the interviews and focus group, including: perceived differences in child and social support in Syria versus Jordan, lack of freedom of movement, legal status as refugees drains psychological wellbeing, issues related to children’s ages, the improving situation and the resilience of refugee mothers, and suggestions for improving support systems. In addition, while no significant correlations were found between social support and PPD or between PPD and demographic factors from quantitative analyses, significant correlations were found between social support and demographic factors, including: marital status, age at marriage, number of locations lived in Jordan, and whether or not participants were still in contact with their children’s caretakers
Logistic and Structural Considerations for the Use of Psychological First Aid in Humanitarian Emergencies
Get PDFFollowing the IASC recommendations for implementation of psychological first aid (PFA) in 2007, providing PFA in humanitarian emergencies as a method of psychosocial support has become one of the standard interventions in the wake of crises. However, the impact of PFA on future mental health outcomes remains largely unstudied and many structural and logistic factors (e.g. training of PFA providers, reviewing evidence to inform practice, and policy considerations) must be managed in order to ensure appropriate, high-quality PFA in humanitarian emergencies. This research aims to synthesize both primary interview data and the existing literature surrounding PFA in humanitarian emergencies to develop practical training, policy, and research recommendations for the global mental health community moving forward
“Las mamás no son putas”: percepciones y experiencias de embarazo y maternidad en trabajadoras sexuales en Buenos Aires / Mothers are not prostitutes: perceptions and experiences of pregnancy and motherhood among sex workers in Buenos Aires
No full textEn Buenos Aires, la gran mayoría de las trabajadoras sexuales también son madres. Sin embargo, ha habido pocos estudios en Argentina sobre los vínculos entre el trabajo sexual y la maternidad y las experiencias de embarazo para las trabajadoras sexuales. Las trabajadoras sexuales en Buenos Aires experimentan estigmatización y violencia institucional en múltiples entornos, lo que afecta tanto el acceso a la salud como el bienestar general. Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar cómo estas vías afectan a las trabajadoras sexuales en la maternidad y el embarazo, con el fin de encontrar áreas de intervención. La mayoría de esta investigación utiliza entrevistas con profesionales y mujeres con vínculos a un centro comunitario para trabajadoras sexuales. Estas entrevistas se realizaron en el mes de noviembre de 2019 en la Ciudad Autonomía de Buenos Aires. Dado que esta investigación se centra en temas delicados debido a la naturaleza a veces clandestina del trabajo sexual, se tomaron precauciones éticas para proteger la identidad de los participantes y evitar daños emocionales o sociales. Para proteger la confidencialidad de las participantes, no se revelan los nombres de los entrevistados y los lugares específicos de las entrevistas.
Los resultados se analizan en términos de temas, comenzando con la situación general que caracteriza el trabajo sexual y la maternidad, seguido de los desafíos generales de ser una trabajadora sexual en el entorno de Buenos Aires. Los temas clave que surgieron incluyeron: la exposición a la violencia institucional, la falta de reconocimiento social del trabajo sexual como trabajo y la marginación de las trabajadoras sexuales en entornos comunitarios y de salud. La presentación de resultados también incluye una una discusión sobre las implicaciones para el trabajo sexual y la maternidad, con un enfoque en salud mental, exposición a la violencia, estigma y apoyo social, seguridad de la vivienda y acceso a la salud. Después de la discusión de los resultados, se resaltan los temas clave, se brindan recomendaciones para la intervención y se analizan las limitaciones del estudio y el área de investigación adicional.
In Buenos Aires, the vast majority of sex workers are mothers as well. However, there have been few studies in Argentina regarding the link between sex work and motherhood or regarding sex workers’ experiences during pregnancy. Sex workers in Buenos Aires experience stigmatization and institutional violence in multiple settings, which affects both access to health and overall wellbeing. This study aims to examine how these pathways affect sex workers in motherhood and pregnancy, in order to find possible areas for intervention. The majority of this investigation utilizes interviews with professionals and women with links to a community center for sex workers. These interviews occurred during November 2019 in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Since this investigation focuses on sensitive topics due to the sometimes clandestine nature of sex work, ethical precautions were taken in order to protect the identity of participants and prevent emotional or social harm. In order to protect the confidentiality of participants, the names of interviewees and specific locations of the interviews are not revealed.
Results are analyzed in terms of themes, beginning with the general situation that characterizes sex work and motherhood, followed by the overall challenges of being a sex worker in the environment of Buenos Aires. The key themes that emerged included: exposure to institutional violence, lack of societal recognition that sex work is work, and the marginalization of sex workers in community and health settings. The presentation of results also includes a discussion of implications for sex work and motherhood, with a focus on mental health, exposure to violence, stigma and social support, housing security, and access to health. Following the discussion of the results, key themes are highlighted, recommendations for intervention are provided, and limitations of the study and area for further investigation are discussed
Adicción como un hecho político económico: un análisis de servicios de atención de abuso de drogas y alcohol en Arica, Chile
No full textResearch question – What is the current landscape of drug abuse in Chile and how has the state attempted to address this problem?
Objectives – The objectives of the paper were to characterize drug use patterns in Chile since 1994, revise drug abuse services, and offer possible improvements for the system of drug abuse treatment.
Background – Chile, despite being one of the most well economically-developed countries in South America, has some of the worst mental health indicators, one of these being drug abuse. Since 1994, use of alcohol and marihuana has increased, while use of cocaine products has remained constant. Despite a decrease in tobacco use, 1 in 5 Chileans smoke daily. Additionally, mental illness makes up 23.2% of total DALY in Chile, but only receives 2.3% of the health budget. Finally, an analysis of past and current drug policy reveals that drug abuse interventions pay very little attention, if any, to the social determinants of health.
Methodology – To better understand the limitations of the current drug abuse services in Chile, three professionals who work closely in this area were interviewed. A semi-structured interview style was selected, as it permits some flexibility within individual interviews, but also allows responses from each participant to be compared.
Results – The interviews with the mental health professionals confirmed the earlier analysis of the issue; Chile’s drug abuse services are inefficient and lacking resources. The primary complaints of the participants were that there is a complete lack of economic resources, as well as residential programs, and that policy is inconsistent across different drug abuse services. Additionally, participants stated that high-level policy does not recognize the concurrent factors that play into drug abuse.
Conclusions – In order to decrease drug abuse rates, several steps were recommended. Firstly, there is a great need for financial resources within the system. The current allotment of funds is disproportionate to the burden drug abuse causes. Secondly, there is a need for an increased number of residential programs, as current programs are overwhelmed with the demand. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, is the need for interventions that understand and prioritize the social and environmental factors that exacerbate or cause drug abuse in the first place.
Pregunta de investigación - ¿Que es la carga del abuso de drogas actual en Chile, y como está solucionado el estado el problema?
Objetivos – Los objetivos del informe eran caracterizar las pautas del uso de drogas en Chile desde 1994, revisar servicios de atención de abuso de drogas, y proveer mejoramientos posibles para el sistema de atención de abuso de drogas.
Antecedentes – Chile, a pesar de ser uno de los países más desarrollados económicamente de Chile, tiene algunas de las tasas peores de la salud mental, incluso el abuso de drogas. Desde 1994, el uso del alcohol y la marihuana ha crecido, mientras el uso de productos de cocaína ha sido constante. A pesar de tener una disminución en el uso de tabaco, 1 en 5 de chilenos fuma cada día. Además, las enfermedades mentales son 23,2% de AVISA, pero reciben sólo 2,3% del presupuesto. Finalmente, un análisis de las políticas de la droga revela que intervenciones enfocadas en el abuso de drogas no se toman en cuenta la importancia de los determinantes sociales de la salud.
Metodología – Para entender mejor las limitaciones del sistema de atención de abuso de drogas actual, tres profesionales quienes están cercanos con el tema fueron entrevistados. Entrevistas semi-estructuradas fueron usadas, porque permiten flexibilidad con los individuos, pero también permiten la comparación de las respuestas de los participantes.
Resultados – Las entrevistas confirmaron el análisis del tema; los servicios de abuso de drogas en Chile son ineficientes y hay una falta de recursos. Las quejas primarias de los profesionales eran que hay una falta completa de recursos económicos, y también de programas residenciales, y también que la política no es constante entre servicios distintos. Además, los participantes dijeron que la política del estado no reconoce los otros factores pertinentes para el tema.
Conclusiones – Para disminuir las tasas de abuso de drogas, varias etapas fueron recomendados. Primero, hay una necesidad grande para recursos económicos dentro del sistema. Los fondos hoy en día no son proporcionales a la carga que causa el abuso de drogas. También, hay una necesidad para más programas residenciales, como programas actuales están abrumados con la demanda. Las intervenciones necesiten entender y priorizar los factores sociales y ambientales que exacerban o causan el abuso de drogas