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Don Brown and Japanese Librarianship During the Occupation Period
Get PDFJapanese library policy during the post-war occupation was primarily driven by the Civil Information and Education Section (CIE) of the GHQ/SCAP. Donald B. Brown was a head of the Information Division of CIE, in charge of occupational media policy. He had experience as a journalist of The Japan Advertiser in 1930s and as an analyst in the Office of War Information (OWI) in early 1940s. He led the dissemination of democratic ideas in the media sector, publicizing the purpose of occupation to the general public, and eliminating militarism/non-democratic ideas. Branch Library Bulletin was published 45 times from 1948–1949 and conveyed a variety of cultural activities such as documentary films, exhibitions, listening to music records, debates, English conversation classes, etc.
Don Brown also emphasized the role of the library for disseminating democratic ideas. He played an important role in the foundation of CIE libraries in the early occupational period and in the establishment of the Japan Library School (JLS) at Keio University in 1951. 23 CIE libraries were founded in the occupational Japan and showed democratic model for post-war Japanese public library. Open shelf and free use were not popular in Japanese public librarianship in pre-war period. In order to operate CIE libraries more effectively, it was necessary for the Japanese themselves to operate those libraries, and a new educational institution should be established to train such Japanese staff. At that time, main training method for Japanese librarians was short course and no graduate school existed specializing library economy/library science. The JLS, led by Robert L. Gitler, was a major epoch in considering the development of education and training for Japanese professional librarian
Beyond the Ban: One Major Challenge Facing the FTC Non-Compete Rule
Get PDFThis article analyzes the implications of President Biden\u27s Executive Order 14036 and the subsequent notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to ban non-compete agreements. It examines the legal basis for the NPRM, including Sections 5 and 6(g) of the FTC Act, and anticipates potential challenges to its implementation, most notably under the major questions doctrine. It explores the broader ramifications of the NPRM for labor and employment law, emphasizing its potential to reshape administrative agency regulation and the regulatory landscape. It concludes by analyzing the rule under the major questions doctrine and the possible outcomes of a challenge to the rule in its current form, which have the potential to fundamentally alter the current labor and employment law landscape and redefine the role of administrative agencies.
*This article was awarded first prize in the 2023 Dr. Emanuel Stein and Kenneth Stein Memorial Law Student Writing Competition by the New York State Bar Association’s Labor and Employment Law Section
Conceptual Curiosity: Sense(un)making
Get PDFAcross disciplines, sensemaking is a theoretical and methodological research program, over forty years in development, that has been treated as a framework for understanding how humans behaviorally respond to external information sources and interpret to construct and actualize actionable outcomes; however, sensemaking is an interlinking process that does not operate in singularity–behaviorally or actionably–it is neurobiological (autonomous drive), cognitive (perceptual and predictive), and psychological (congruency in meaning).
This paper enlarges the conceptual framework for studying sensemaking and redefines it by addressing what sensemaking is, does, and needs. At the core of this conversation is addressing the absence of knowledge and scholarship on sense(un)making, often mentioned in literature as the opposite of sensemaking, but remarkably, without definition or explanation, assuming knowing the first process, e.g., sensemaking, negates defining and studying the latter. Sense(un)making, a conceptual idea explored in this paper, is activated when sensemaking, predictive processing, and meaningmaking are no longer working asynchronously because new information has challenged an aspect of meaning in life (i.e., congruency, purpose, and significance).
The implications of this paper’s ideas lie in its contributions to conversations, research, and future directions in information behavior and sensemaking research. The research questions are simple: What is sensemaking? What is sense(un)making
Relevance, Works and Context Engineering
Get PDFRelevance is regarded as centrally important in documentation and information science but has resisted satisfactory definition. The literature presents vague, subjective descriptions and/or operational definitions based on untenable theoretical assumptions. The “work” is a similarly central and poorly defined concept in bibliographic theory and cataloguing. This short essay summarizes previous scholarship that reformulates concepts of relevance in information science as functions of use and works in bibliographic theory as useful sets of objects. Conceptual utility in both cataloging theory and information science is sought by developing descriptive models that attend to the positionality and temporality of “works” and “relevance” as they have been reformulated by de Fremery and Buckland (2023, 2024). Importantly, the descriptive models suggests the importance of context in formulations of relevance as a function of use and works as useful sets of objects. It concludes by suggesting that bibliographies, library catalogs, search engines and retrieval systems can be considered context engineering systems, thereby productively reorienting the discourse about these documentary technologies to suggest the important role these systems play in formulating contexts in addition to existing in or describing contexts
Development of a 2-DOF Robotic Uterus Manipulator
Get PDFThe objective for our senior design project was to design a better uterus manipulator to assist with hysterectomies. We worked with our advisor Dr. Sam Song from the university’s Mechanical Engineering department. There are a variety of uterus manipulators on the market currently, each with unique design features to make the manipulator safer and more effective (van den Haak et al, 2015). Our group’s design modifies and sets itself apart from manipulators currently on the market. Going off others’ attempts to make a better manipulator (Fournelis, 2022), the key modifications our design incorporates are an additional degree of freedom (for a total of two degrees of freedom), stabilizing features to prevent unwanted slippage, and the ability to attach it to a motor and foot pedal switch that allows a surgeon to control the manipulator. In addition, some of the constraints the project had included choosing appropriate materials that are safe to use in the human body, and limited finances and time to create a device. The outcome at the end of the project is a working prototype of the manipulator with the above features, as well as a literature review paper
Lung Transplant Technology
Get PDFLung disease is a significant medical problem. Numerous individuals including infants, children, and adults of all ages can all be affected. Because of this, medical research has been heavily invested in advancing technology and finding solutions for what can be the most effective way to perform lung transplants. This literature review will be focusing on what is currently known about the process of lung transplants as well as future directions for research in this area
The Effects of Social Support On Recovery Outcomes of Hip Fracture Patients
Get PDFThis literature review, completed under the guidance of Ms. Anuja Sarode-Paciorek from Summa Health - Akron, will investigate the effects of social support on the recovery outcomes of hip fracture patients. As part of this literature review, I will collect and analyze several scientific journal articles previously published on this topic to gain an overview of what prior knowledge clinical researchers have already gathered about this topic. As part of the analyses, each article will be thoroughly read and briefly summarized. Then, these summaries will be used to compile a list of a few strengths and a list of a few weaknesses regarding the content of each article. Afterwards, I will decide on the most significant strength and most significant weakness for each article and provide additional justifications for them. These overviews will allow me to compare and contrast the scientific journal articles, discuss any common themes, theories, and methods among the articles, and identify any gaps in the research previously conducted
Interconnectivity of Melt During Partial Melting and Deformation of a Peridotite
Get PDFThe mechanisms that allow basaltic magma to be transported to the surface are well understood, but not much is known about how the transport channels form as the basalt melt forms at the source. I performed experiments to determine these mechanisms during general shear deformation of a natural olivine aggregate (dunite) from Anita Bay, New Zealand as it partially melts using a high pressure/temperature rock deformation apparatus. Samples were analyzed using the scanning electron microscope and I observed that melt pockets started to form at the grain scale (1-2 vol% melt) prior to becoming interconnected at the sample scale (3 vol% melt)
Trade secrecy, knowledge sharing, and cooperation: the case of developing and manufacturing Covid-19 treatments
No full textThis chapter unravels a seeming contradiction: The contention that legal protections for confidential information - trade secrets - can enable firms to share knowledge more freely and to collaborate more extensively with third parties. It utilizes original interviews and real-world case evidence from the biopharmaceutical industry’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic to resolve this paradox and expand conceptual understanding of trade secrecy. Whereas trade secrecy may intuitively seem to suppress information-sharing, this chapter explains the mechanisms through which it can boost openness and cooperation. By providing legal assurances that make it safer to reveal proprietary knowledge, trade secrecy allows for greater and more efficient division of labour. The chapter first grounds analysis in scholarship on trade secrecy law and surveys confirming that most companies greatly depend on trade secrets. After reviewing contradictory perceptions about secrecy’s effects, it presents evidence from interviews with IP counsel and other experts inside leading biopharma companies about how trade secrecy enabled otherwise-impossible collaborations. Examples reveal extensive voluntary transfers of manufacturing know-how during the Covid-19 pandemic among rivals that required trade secret assurances