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Conformity to Masculine Norms Predicts U.S. Men’s Decision-Making Regarding a New Male Contraceptive
Get PDFHealth decision-making is often explained by affective and cognitive processes, but this processing is rarely explored in relation to gender norms. We investigated how conformity to specific masculine norms are linked to the affective and cognitive processes that lead to U.S. men’s decisions regarding a new male contraceptive. U.S. male college students (N = 151) completed an online survey. They read a description of a long-acting reversible contraceptive, then completed questionnaires measuring their affective and cognitive responses, their information-seeking and willingness-to-try the contraceptive, and their conformity to masculine norms. Participants reported less willingness-to-try the contraceptive when they endorsed masculine norms regarding men’s Power Over Women and concern with Heterosexual Self-Presentation, and these effects were consistently mediated by beliefs about its negative impact on sex. Positive emotions predicted willingness-to-try and information-seeking but were unrelated to masculine norms. This broadens our understanding of how conformity to specific gender norms impacts health decision-making processes
Methadone Use in Postoperative Pain Management: A Systematic Review
Get PDFPostoperative pain is a commonly discussed topic in patients undergoing anesthesia for cardiac and thoracic surgery. Uncontrolled or poorly treated postoperative pain has been studied to cause poor outcomes in patients. Prolonged pain experienced by the patient can increase the risk of infection, respiratory compromise, development of chronic pain, and death. Current studies look at multiple modalities of treatment of postoperative pain, however, a long acting drug that is often under looked and underused is methadone. Methadone has a prolonged effect that can provide analgesia for an extended period of time. ). The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic review to determine if intraoperative methadone administration will affect postoperative pain after cardiothoracic and thoracic surgery as evidenced by pain score levels and documented postoperative opioid use. This systematic review was created using guidelines put forth by both PRISMA and CONSORT. A literature review was performed, and data was gathered from each study. A cross study analysis was performed using data collection tables designed by the author of this systematic review. Methadone was found to have a prolonged effect, but evidence was inconclusive due to many limitations by each of the studies. It is suggested that methadone should be further evaluated in additional systematic reviews
Examining the Effects of Ketamine on Reducing the Incidence of Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia in the Perioperative Phase
Get PDFPain in the postoperative period is a serious issue that can have a negative physical and emotional impact on patient outcomes. Complications from postoperative pain can have detrimental outcomes for patient’s health and wellbeing as well as the increased economic burden of continued treatment. Better management of pain in the perioperative phase can result in improved patient outcomes, fewer postoperative complications, and increased patient satisfaction. Although opioids are the mainstay of treatment in the perioperative period for pain management, abnormal pain responses such as hyperalgesia may be induced by administration of opioids. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the effect of ketamine on reducing the phenomenon of opioid-induced hyperalgesia. After a comprehensive literature search, the PRISMA Statement was used to frame this systematic review and elevate the validity of the results by providing transparency and clarity of the findings. The theoretical framework that guided this systematic review was Melzack and Wall’s (1965) Gate Control Theory of Pain which encompassed the physiologic and emotional responses of pain. Studies incorporated in this systematic review were critically appraised to evaluate reliability of randomized control trials. Variables such as intraoperative doses of opioids, intraoperative ketamine doses, postoperative pain scores, postoperative opioid consumption, and evidence of hyperalgesia were evaluated and put into tables for comparison. The results of this systematic review support the use of ketamine in decreasing postoperative opioid consumption, decreasing postoperative pain scores, and decreasing the incidence of opioid induced hyperalgesia
Commencement Program 2019
Get PDFThis commencement program is for baccalaureate and advanced degrees.https://digitalcommons.ric.edu/commencement_programs/1131/thumbnail.jp
Teaching the Young Lords Party: The Civil Rights Movement in New York City
No full textThe social studies curriculum positions the Civil Rights Movement as an era when individuals and groups promoted the collective rights of marginalized individuals. Yet, the Civil Rights Movement is often viewed as a Southernbased campaign (Fernandez, 2003). This awareness has been solidified in social studies classrooms with a focus on civil rights leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks (Brown Buchanan, 2015). While other individuals such as Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta, civil rights leaders in California, have been included in the study, social studies neglects to mention movements in other geographical settings (Loewen, 2018). New York State and New Jersey social studies curricula maintain this perspective. The limited geographical scope implies that the Civil Rights Movement did not happen in a setting like New York City. The inclusion of the Young Lords Party (YLP) in social studies (SS) curricula expands the view of the Civil Rights Movement.
The YLP advocated for the civil rights of Puerto Ricans and other Latinos living in New York City and New Jersey. This article provides: 1) a concise overview of the YLP during this time period, 2) explanations on how the New York State (NYS) and New Jersey (NJ) curricula fail to mention local civil rights movements, and 3) support for the inclusion of the YLP. Incorporating the YLP into the NYS and NJ SS curricula will help students learn how one aspect of the Civil Rights Movement occurred in the heart of New York City
The Effect of Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) with Recruitment Maneuvers on Atelectasis in Obese Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Get PDFGeneral anesthesia has a profound effect on respiratory dynamics in the obese population. Obesity can contribute to a decreased functional residual capacity, reduced lung volumes, and an increased closing capacity. Positioning and procedural requirements can further complicate the respiratory status of the obese patient. Surgical procedures in the obese population have an increased risk for the formation of atelectasis. Ventilation can be compromised due to atelectatic lung tissue and may result in post operative complications such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, hypoxia, a prolonged hospital stay, and the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is utilized in the operating room to increase arterial oxygenation, prevent airway collapse and expand alveoli during each breath. Alveolar recruitment maneuvers can be supplementary throughout surgical procedures to recruit and restore atelectatic lung tissue and prevent further formation of atelectasis. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of PEEP with recruitment maneuvers in obese patients undergoing abdominal surgery with general anesthesia. The theoretical framework that guided this systematic review was the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis (PRISMA) Statement. Randomized control trials included in this systematic review were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) to evaluate reliability. Alveolar recruitment maneuvers increase lung compliance, arterial oxygenation, and decrease complications associated with atelectasis formation. The use of PEEP with alveolar recruitment maneuvers should be employed for obese patients that undergo abdominal surgery with general anesthesia
Designing a Logic Model to Inform Montessori Research
Get PDFMontessori education has a long history, but its recent growth in American public schools has led to increased interest in research efforts, particularly in exploring the potential of the Montessori experience to moderate the effects of poverty and in gathering data to evaluate public investment in Montessori schools. To assist research efforts, this paper introduces a comprehensive visual model, or logic model, that depicts the core components, underlying assumptions, and intended outcomes of the Montessori approach. Logic modeling, which results in a visual representation depicting the connections among a program’s inputs, primary activities, and outcomes, is often used in program planning and research to provide a common framework from which to work. Developed over a 3-year period by a collaborative group of experienced Montessori researchers and practitioners, the Logic Model for Montessori Education presented in this paper is a valuable tool for researchers with the potential to lay a foundation across disciplines for future research that is both rigorous and systematic in its measurement of Montessori processes and outcomes
Development of a Measure of State Infrastructure for School Nursing Services Delivery
Get PDFHealthcare systems are increasingly accountable for safety and quality. States have a key role in protecting and promoting the health of their youth, setting regulations and standards for school health services structures and processes. Yet, the lack of an instrument for state-level self-assessment of equity and quality infrastructure supports hinders progress toward improving in school health services delivery. This macro health system project, conducted in three phases, developed a valid and reliable instrument for state-level self-assessment of infrastructure necessary for supporting quality school nursing services. The phases were identification of state-level structures and processes domains and indicators; a content expert survey evaluating the validity of the measure; and a pilot test of the measure with Rhode Island state-level school health leaders. The resulting State-level School Health Infrastructure Measure, comprised of seven domains and related indicators assesses for the presence of evidence-based school nursing practice standards and resources; school nursing workforce professional competency standards and professional development; school nursing delivery of school-age population healthcare; equity in student access to professional school nursing services; cross-sector state leadership, governance, collaboration, linkages, and networks among health and youth service entities; school health information technology and data integration; and stable funding for school nursing services. The instrument appears to be feasible, cost effective, valid, and reliable for assisting states to identify and build quality school nursing services delivery capacity to improve the health of school-age youth
The Effects of Child Maltreatment on Social Relationships in Emerging Adulthood
Get PDFThis retrospective study examined the relationship between childhood maltreatment and social relationships in an emerging adult sample of 159 individuals between 18 and 25 years of age. This research provides additional evidence on the effects of child maltreatment by investigating outcomes found in both friendship and romantic relationship quality in emerging adulthood. Protective factors likely to reduce the negative impact of child maltreatment on social relationships, including emotion regulation, coping, and optimism were examined as moderators. Emotion regulation was the only significant moderator that reduced the negative effect of child maltreatment on friendship and romantic relationship outcomes. Self-report of child maltreatment was associated with friendship quality and romantic relationship quality during emerging adulthood. Differential effects of maltreatment type were also assessed. The results indicated that physical abuse was the only significant indicator of child maltreatment that was associated with the outcomes of friendship experiences, satisfaction, and conflict. Sexual abuse was the strongest indicator of child maltreatment associated with romantic relationship satisfaction, conflict, and trust. Results contribute to the extant literature by revealing earlier life predictors of friendship and romantic relationship outcomes in emerging adults and the influence that emotion regulation has as a protective factor. Findings may inform additional interventions for children who have experienced child maltreatment by focusing on strengthening emotion regulation skills that increase the likelihood of building healthy social relationships in emerging adults
Symphonic Expressions of the Female Voice: An Analysis of Bernard Hermann\u27s Scores for Jane Eyre (1943) and The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947)
Get PDFThis Honors thesis discusses an area of film score analysis that has been overlooked in scholarship. The author musically analyzes the work of Bernard Herrmann, revealing from his scores a hidden layer of connotative emotions and inner life of the female protagonists in the gothic melodrama films Jane Eyre (1943) and The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947). The female voice in classical Hollywood was forced into submission due to the cultural ideology of Westernized gendered thought. Herrmann provides the female protagonists with a sounding board for their sequestered minds, allowing the audience the opportunity to peer into the souls of these filmic women and help to understand their oppression. Using feminist scholarship and arguments regarding the semiotics of Western musical thought, the author successfully identifies that Herrmann’s leitmotifs provide a voice for the female protagonists separate from the visual and narrative structure. The author presents her argument on the basis of Claudia Gorbman’s theory of the metadiegesis, a third aural category that connects nondiegetic musical score with the inner life of the troubled female protagonist. This symbolic explanation of the female’s lost inner thoughts allows the audience to further identify with the woes of the protagonist on screen, which furthers the conversation of the continued oppression of women and the importance of their individual voices