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The Co-Dependent Arising of Liberation: An Exploration of Buddhist Thought and Social Justice Models
Get PDFThe language of liberation is prevalent in both spiritual and activist communities: the intersection of these practices, of liberating ourselves on the planes of embodied existence and beyond, interests me deeply. While the limitations of language are frequently expounded in Buddhism, the similarities between Buddhist and social justice terminology are what initially piqued my interest in exploring how key ideas from each field could be enhanced by mutual understanding. While much work has already been done in the field of Socially Engaged Buddhism, I hope to contribute to it by examining two models I have found useful in teaching racial justice: Tema Okun’s “Characteristics of White Supremacy Culture” and Bobbie Harro’s “Cycle of Socialization.” For each of these models, I will outline key Buddhist teachings such as dependent origination, no self, compassion, and karma that I believe offer opportunities for further illumination and support. There are, of course, a diverse array of Buddhist teachings and beliefs that vary across lineages and are open to interpretation. As I cannot hope to represent the whole scope of Buddhist belief here, my use of the word “Buddhism” will remain general, drawing largely from the broad strokes of Mahayana beliefs, with occasional reference to Chan/Zen more specifically
Tracking in Middle School Mathematics: The Effects of Honors Mathematics Course Placement on Student Access and Achievement
Get PDFThis study used a mixed methods approach to examine student access and achievement differences based on the students’ 7th-grade mathematics class placement. Additionally, this study investigated the difference between teachers’ perceptions and pedagogical decisions based on their students’ placement levels. Finally, this study asked for teacher recommendations on developing an equitable mathematics placement policy. Findings revealed that students placed in 7th-grade honors courses are achieving at higher levels than their non-honors peers. The study also found that teachers hold their honors students to higher standards than their non-honors students and limit their non-honors students’ access to higher-level mathematics. The study concluded with a call to equity in the mathematics class with a short-term recommendation to implement a blind placement policy that only considers longitudinal standardized test scores and a long-term recommendation to detrack the mathematics class and train teachers to teach heterogeneous courses effectively
Prosecuting Politicians
Get PDFThe laws of many countries grant politicians special protection from prosecution before national courts. The content of such laws is usually regulated by a compromise between two conflicting goals: On the one hand, the principle that everyone is equal before the law should be upheld. On the other hand, because politicians cannot fully dedicate themselves to their office when they are subject to legal proceedings, they should be protected more than regular citizens. What many seem to take for granted is that a trial of a senior politician, such as a prime minister or a president, does bad things to society. It deepens divisions between citizens and increases polarization in a way that is unhealthy for the democratic process. This Article seeks to challenge that intuition. Based on a series of comparative examples, the Article argues that prosecuting politicians improves public deliberation by getting people who would otherwise not engage in politics to take part in the political debate
The Reception of Anglo-American Contractual Standards in Selected Droit Civil Systems: German and Polish Examples.
Get PDFThe reception of Anglo-American contractual standards in droit civil countries is not as straightforward as it would seem at first glance. The language expressing notions such as “breach of contract,” “representations & warranties,” or “indemnities” cannot be merely copied into agreements subject to the law of droit civil countries. They need to be transposed thereto, i.e., rendered in terms of legal institutions characteristic of the legal systems of such countries, to achieve the same functional results as those achievable in the place of origin of such notions.
The authors discuss the process of such transposition in the examples of Germany and Poland. In particular, they show that due to structural differences between the notions of a breach of contract in Germany and Poland (where it is fault-based) and in the Anglo-American world (where it is strict), a breach of warranty (which in a common law jurisdiction is a form of a breach of contract) is best expressed in German or Polish legal parlance as a guarantee agreement. Under such an agreement, the guarantor would not be able to avoid repairing the damage by proving that the breach of warranty occurred for reasons other than the guarantor’s lack of due care (in Poland) or reasons not attributable to the guarantor (in Germany). In short, in Germany or Poland, a claim to redress the damage, i.e., a claim for specific performance under a guarantee contract, would lead to similar functional results as a damages claim for a breach of warranty in common law jurisdictions.
A similar transposition, namely converting an Anglo-American indemnity contract (both prevent loss and redress loss indemnity) into a guarantee agreement, makes it possible to achieve economic results in Germany and Poland comparable to those in common law jurisdictions. In such jurisdictions, the amount of compensation due to the indemnitee is not typically diminished by doctrines characteristic of a damages claim for a breach of contract (such as remoteness, foreseeability, and a duty to mitigate the loss). In Germany, a prevent loss indemnity is still predominantly understood as a best-efforts contract obligating the indemnitor to avert the loss. In Poland, however, a guarantee contract is believed to operate similarly for both types of indemnities, regardless of whether a “hold harmless” or “indemnify” contract is applied
La Vida Rica
Get PDFThrough a first-person perspective, we travel along to Costa Rica with LMU’s First To Go students. Utilizing a long format, home video style, the goal is to communicate the authentic experiences that occurred during the trip. It’s one thing to be a young adult getting the chance to explore new parts of the world, but it’s a different privilege to get to do it with others that you can connect with. So much so that in the couple months preceding the trip, I found myself dealing with that post-trip depression. However, in that state, I found the beauty of being able to get to run and play with your memories. This video gets at the notion that a shared memory doesn’t leave you as easily, and that our imagination is truly our memories working in reverse. I would implore everyone to seek out new and novel experiences for the sake of memory boosting effects
Lawyers and Non-Lawyers in International Arbitration: Discovering Diminishing Diversity
Get PDFThis article highlights a curious lack of diversity within the proliferating discourse about the lack of diversity in international arbitration. There is hardly any awareness or at least sustained discussion about the limited diversity of professional backgrounds, and more specifically, the dominance nowadays of those with practicing lawyer positions or primary careers across the key groups and publication outlets for international arbitration. Yet this encroachment of lawyers was still being contested in the 1990s, as being linked to burgeoning costs and delays, and such “formalisation” has been re-emerging in recent years. Diversifying the world of international arbitration to involve more non-lawyers, including academics, could promote various other objectives, too, as outlined in Part I. This article, therefore, empirically analyses how lawyers have come to dominate key nodes of influence across international commercial arbitration and the overlapping, more controversial field of investor-state arbitration. Part II looks at key general associations or organizations promoting international arbitration, including their leadership and presenters at symposiums. Part III focuses on various arbitration centres globally, which actually administer cases. Part IV examines contributions to some key arbitration journals, an influential book series, and a widely-read Blog. The conclusion reiterates that restoring more non-lawyers in the world of international arbitration should help not only to reduce formalisation and inefficiencies in international arbitration, but also have various other salutary effects, including potentially improving gender diversity
Diasporican: The Latest Identity Formation of the Puerto Rican Diaspora
No full textThe Puerto Rican community has had a longstanding presence within the United States that has helped shaped the country’s understanding of Latine populations as a whole. Once concentrated largely in the New York area, the Puerto Rican diaspora has expanded to multiple different states as the population has grown. According to the Pew Research Center’s most recent estimates from 2021, there are nearly 6 million Puerto Ricans living in the continental United States. As the Puerto Rican diaspora has increased, in numbers and geographically, the identity of “Nuyorican,” a Puerto Rican from New York, no longer accurately represents all Puerto Ricans in the diaspora. Instead, as my research shows, a new identity formation emerged: “Diasporican.” In my research, I utilize online media and Puerto Rican Studies literature to construct a definition for this new identity that has increased in usage over the past few years. My research explores the following questions: 1. Why was the term Diasporican created? 2. Who coined this term and what does it mean? 3. Who is utilizing this term and how? From the research, it is evident that the term Diasporican emerged out of a desire for distinction from the terms Nuyorican and Puerto Rican, which is reflective of a larger diasporic awakening. Through analyses of employments of the term Diasporican, those using the term are intentionally referring to a specific experience within the diaspora. The formation of Diasporican signals that Puerto Ricans within the diaspora are understanding themselves and their relationship to both Puerto Rico and the United States in new ways
The Retention and Promotion of Female Auditors at Big-4 Accounting Firms
No full textEach of the “Big 4” accounting firms has established an explicit goal of reaching gender parity among their employees - particularly among employees in senior positions. Using a dataset consisting of the career histories of more than 91 thousand unique auditors spanning several decades, we examine the firms’ progress towards this goal by tracking gender differences in auditor retention and promotion. Consistent with concerns expressed both in the press and in prior academic research, we find that women were historically more likely than men to leave the Big 4 firms. We also find that, conditional on staying in the Big 4 firms, women were less likely to be promoted. However, the gender differences in retention and promotion diminished in the early 2010s and either disappeared (in the case of promotion) or reversed (in the case of retention) by the late 2010s. The elimination (reversal) of the female promotion (retention) disadvantage was driven in part by the adoption of equalized paternal leave policies at three of the Big 4 firms, and has led to near gender-parity at all ranks below partner/director, to full parity at the penultimate rank of senior manager, and to a sharply increasing trend in the proportion of female partners and directors. Paradoxically, the gains in female retention and promotion have occurred concurrently with a decline in female representation among starting cohorts of staff auditors
Community co-production of the meaning of local climate resilience and action: A case study
No full textIn the face of a rapidly urbanizing and warming planet, there is urgency for local governments to develop community resilience strategies. Successful climate change adaptation will likely require the inclusion of local knowledge, especially from historically marginalized communities. One pathway for this is through research projects and government planning activities that employ processes of co-production to generate actionable knowledge relevant to the community. This paper describes the approach, results, and reflections of a multi-sectoral partnership organized to engage residents of a small municipality to co-produce the meaning of community climate resilience, through methods including individual interviews, cognitive mapping, and a group workshop. This approach can help address recognitional justice, a form of environmental justice defined as acknowledging and uplifting the lived experiences and expertise of impacted communities. As a case study, the paper provides details on implementing the project that reveal the challenges and strengths, as well as the non-linear aspects of this type of community-based engagement. It concludes with a discussion of potential ways to overcome the obstacles to scaling labor and time-intensive community-engaged processes of co-production
Addressing grand challenges through the bottom-up marketing approach: Lessons from subsistence marketplaces and marketplace literacy
No full textWe present a bottom-up marketing approach as a pathway to addressing the grand challenge of poverty and inequality for the marketing discipline. We derive this approach from the research stream on radically different contexts of subsistence marketplaces. Research on subsistence marketplaces has typically explored micro-level phenomena but also traversed upward and explained aggregate phenomena at higher levels. We present a conceptual framework to encapsulate general and granular elements of the bottom-up marketing approach. Study 1 demonstrates general elements of the framework through a retrospective examination of the global diffusion of a marketplace literacy program. Study 2 demonstrates the more granular elements of the framework through a qualitative analysis of five case studies of social enterprise start-ups. Though presenting a complementary counter-perspective to conventional thinking, we embed the process of interweaving the bottom-up with the macro level to present an actionable approach. We conclude with insights for marketing research and practice