18253 research outputs found
Sort by
Is NIL Woke?
Get PDFNCAA football and men’s basketball cumulatively receive almost one hundred percent of intercollegiate name, image, and likeness (NIL) compensation. NIL exceptionalism, however, is not the only distinguishing factor for these two sports. They are also distinctively racially and economically diverse in comparison to the dozens of other NCAA sports. Thus, demographically, NIL produces outcomes that align with so-called ‘woke’ policies. Although almost all states support NIL, an increasing number actively oppose woke policies. In fact, anti-woke backlash served as the impetus for recent anti-woke legislation (AWL) that, for example, bars funding for diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives in higher education. Various scholars have addressed the effects of AWL on academia. Yet this Article is the first to address AWL’s effects on intercollegiate athletics.
This Article uses the law of unintended consequences to explore the connection between AWL and NIL. In so doing, it advances two main arguments. First, it argues that AWL will produce unintended consequences for intercollegiate athletics. Given these consequences, this Article’s second argument foreshadows how states enacting AWL will be impeded by it, as they simultaneously attempt to achieve a competitive advantage in athletics through NIL. This Article concludes with recommendations for preventing AWL from frustrating the purpose of NIL legislation
Distinct Socio-Ecological Drivers Shape the Diversity of Plants, Birds, and Lepidopterans in Chicago Community Gardens
Get PDFCommunity gardens are vital urban green spaces that facilitate learning, connect community members to nature and each other, and provide increased food security. They also have the potential to provide wildlife habitat and support urban biodiversity, although the extent to which they do this may vary between gardens. The goal of this study was to measure diversity of multiple taxonomic groups within urban community gardens, examine ecological differences between community gardens in the same city, and identify the socio-ecological factors that drive those differences. We used fieldwork to assess the diversity of plants, birds, bees, and lepidopterans in 24 community gardens across Chicago, Il (USA). We assessed ecological factors including garden size, density of trees and shrubs inside the garden, tree canopy cover in the surrounding landscape, and flowering species richness. We assessed social factors including garden management and household income in the surrounding neighborhoods. We addressed the following questions: (1) How does beta diversity vary between different taxonomic groups in Chicago community gardens? (2) What social factors affect the abundance and diversity of different kinds of plants in the gardens? (3) What ecological factors affect the richness of birds, bees, and Lepidoptera in the community gardens? We found that ecological communities differed greatly between the community gardens. Management type significantly influenced the number of cultivated plant species, the volume of spontaneous vegetation, and the density of trees and shrubs inside the garden. Density of trees and shrubs was also related to income in the surrounding neighborhood. Garden area was positively related to the number of bird species present, while floral richness in the garden and tree canopy cover in the surrounding landscape positively affected lepidopteran species. Our results can inform management of community gardens and be used to increase biodiversity in urban areas
The Evolution of Working Women’s Needs: The Impact of Capitalism, Sexism, and the Feminization of Teaching on Four Generations of California Female Educators
Get PDF
Complainer\u27s Dilemma
Get PDFTechnological innovations have made complaining easier. Often, when it is easy to complain, only problems that meet a high threshold of complaints are addressed. We present a novel model of the strategic environment facing complainers and demonstrate that the properties of the resulting games\u27 equilibria justify the existence of high complaint thresholds. By setting the thresholds appropriately, an administrator can prevent complaints that are not worth addressing. Policies that minimize the cost of complaining while requiring a large threshold are universally more efficient for large constituencies. Our results regarding the equilibrium for large constituencies are facilitated by the application of the Lambert-W function, demonstrating how this tool can be employed to analyze games with a large number of players. We motivate the model using a rich data set of complaints from New York City
Understanding Flow: An Experimental Analysis of a Magnetohydrodynamic Fluid Pump
Get PDFWhen a magnetic field and electrical current are perpendicular to each other, an ionized fluid will experience a force called the Lorentz force. This force can be applied to create a pump. These pumps have potential applications in desalination and fluid systems in space. The technology is new, and still not well understood but are a potential alternative to typical mechanical pumps. This thesis develops a comprehensive experimental understanding of the fluid flow through a 3D-printed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pump. Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) uses neutrally buoyant particles and a camera system to collect quantitative velocity information of a system. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) uses the same information, but analyses it in a different way, which can be used as a point of comparison. A scaled version of the Navier-Stokes equation predicted the magnitude of flow as 0.02500 ± 0.00030 m/s. LPT data measured the magnitude of the flow as 0.0252 m/s, which is within the uncertainty of the predicted value. This supports the assumptions made in the scaling as well as the effectiveness of LPT analysis. This thesis also tested the application of a flow meter to cross validate the velocity data but was unable to verify its effectiveness due to inaccurate and inconsistent data. The long- term goal in the LMU Fluids of Astrophysical Bodies (FAB) Lab is to send the MHD pump on a CubeSat test flight to verify the pump’s performance in space. This thesis worked to deepen the understanding of the fluid dynamics of a MHD pump to further justify and prepare for testing in space
Latina Triunfadoras: Testimonios and Consejos of Latina Superintendents in California
Get PDFThe current dissertation examined the leadership of six Latina leaders in the executive role of the superintendency, presenting valuable testimonios (M. A. Martinez et al., 2017) that detail the early educational and familial experiences shaping the Latina superintendents’ journeys to the superintendency. The qualitative study used the community cultural wealth framework (Yosso, 2005) and a feminista perspective grounded in Chicana/Latina feminist epistemology (Delgado Bernal, 1998) and Latina leadership (Bordas, 2013, 2023) to explore the leadership principles employed by the six superintendents. The study revealed three significant findings. First, Latina superintendents’ parents instilled a work ethic of perseverance, hard work, and commitment that shaped their leadership and who the Latina superintendents were as leaders. Second, the Latina superintendents described their leadership around a strong sense of cultural identity, purpose, and commitment to others. Finally, their life experiences enabled them to understand and work to address the needs of the most marginalized students in their districts, particularly Latina/o students. The distinctive voices of the Latina superintendents came to the forefront through their valuable testimonios that revealed their parents served as important role models, instilling in them leadership traits of hard work, perseverance, and commitment to others. The findings indicated the leadership traits significantly influenced their leadership, success, and ascension to the superintendency. The Latina superintendents demonstrated a strong sense of cultural identity and led with a clear purpose, emphasizing equity and educational success for marginalized students, particularly Latina/o students, in their districts. Their lived experiences, along with their family, culture, and language, provided them with valuable insights to understand and address the inequalities and challenges faced by Latina/o students in their education and life, which underscored their deep commitment to ensuring equitable education for Latina/o students. Additionally, the current study’s findings serve as counter narratives to historically oppressive views and stereotypes that have limited Latina access to the executive seat of the superintendency and the significant impact Latina leaders have on marginalized students, communities, and families
Economic Sanctions in International Arbitration Proceedings
No full textThe world is witnessing the imposition of new economic sanctions on an every-day basis. After the Russian annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014, and in particular with the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the issue of economic sanctions received an upsurge of public scrutiny. Russian investors and companies, a number of which are facing economic sanctions, do substantial businesses in States that imposed sanctions targeting them. At the same time, Russian entities have established business relationships with corporations originating in such States. On the other hand, after the Crimea annexation, Russia adopted certain measures to counter the effect of economic sanctions in arbitration process. However, arbitral and court practice related to resolution of disputes involving sanctions is scarce, leaving many issues still unsettled.
Sanctions not only lead to disputes, but they also affect the initiation of arbitral proceedings, the substance of claims, the decisions of tribunals, and the enforcement of arbitral awards. Part II of this paper will address arbitrability as a procedural issue created by sanctions that typically complicate the initiation of arbitral proceedings. Part III takes up the substantive issues associated with sanctions regimes within the international arbitration proceedings. These include the situations in which the arbitral tribunal must consider sanctions as part of its substantive reasoning, where the sanctions provide the foundation for the claimants’ substantive case, as well as the foundation for the respondents’ defense. Part IV turns to the role that sanctions play during the recognition and enforcement proceedings, perhaps creating grounds to refuse the enforcement of arbitral awards
Heir
No full textA college student on scholarship is kidnapped for ransom after being mistaken for his extremely wealthy roommate. Forced to help his captors catch the actual target, he eventually finds a way to claim the life he’s always wanted