2199 research outputs found
Sort by
Exploring How Interactions between Race and Social Bonds Influence Substance Use: Findings from a Predominately Black Juvenile Sample
No full textThis study uses a social bonds framework to explore the main effects of race and five social bonds (attachment to peers, attachment to parents, school commitment, activity involvement) on adolescent substance use. We also explore whether social bonds have the capacity to enhance or mitigate the effects of race on substance use. We test this question using longitudinal data from a predominately Black sample of at-risk high school students (n = 783). Findings indicate that race exerts a strong main effect on substance where Black students experienced decreases in substance use over time relative to White students. The findings also suggest that race and social bonds do not interact to influence late-adolescent substance use.</p
Development of the science teaching anxiety scale for preservice elementary teachers: A Rasch analysis
No full textScience teaching anxiety is negative emotion that inhibits a teacher\u27s ability to start, proceed, or finish a science teaching task. Despite its detrimental effects on teachers\u27 science teaching quality and practices, there is limited research on science teaching anxiety. To advance research in this area, there is a need for a psychometrically sound instrument assessing teachers\u27 science teaching anxiety. This study presents the development and psychometric properties of the Science Teaching Anxiety Scale (STAS) in preservice elementary teachers (N = 191) using a Rasch analysis. In addition, it examines the relationships among science teaching anxiety, science interest, and science teaching efficacy (self-efficacy and outcome expectancy). Results indicated that the STAS has promising validity and reliability for use in future research. Moreover, science teaching anxiety and science interest were significant predictors of teaching self-efficacy in preservice elementary teachers. Implications for researchers, teacher educators, and individuals who work with new teachers are discussed.</p
Neighborhood matters for transitional care and heart failure hospital readmission in older adults
No full textA retrospective correlational design with existing data was utilized to examine the relationship between early provider follow-up, nursing care coordination intensity, and 30-day hospital readmission in older adults with heart failure and determine if an interaction exists with neighborhood disadvantage. Forward logistic regression was conducted to determine which variables predicted early provider follow-up and readmission. Ordinary least squares regression, logistic regression, and bootstrap confidence intervals were used to test for mediation and moderation. A direct relationship between early provider follow-up and decreased readmission was identified, but no indirect relationship through care coordination intensity. Neighborhood disadvantage did not moderate the effect of provider follow-up on readmission. Early provider follow-up and care coordination intensity were related and moderated by neighborhood disadvantage, but not for those living in highly disadvantaged neighborhoods. Neighborhood disadvantage is a key factor that may negatively influence participation in transitional care interventions in the elderly heart failure population. (C) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p
Brainchild 2022
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/17638/87746-thumbnail.jp
Field experiment of signs promoting hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textObjective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. public was encouraged to practice good hand hygiene, such as hand washing or the use of hand sanitizer. Young adults reported lower levels of hand hygiene compared to adults of other ages. The aim of the current study was to test the effectiveness of different messages to promote hand sanitizer use among young adults.
Method: Over a 6-week period, we examined whether 3 brief messages (gain-frame, static descriptive norms, dynamic descriptive norms), placed next to sanitizer dispensers in university residence halls, predicted dispenser use in comparison to dispensers with no sign. Amount of sanitizer usage was measured 3 times per week via the weight of dispenser units. We tracked and controlled for the number of positive COVID-19 cases in residence halls because we expected it might influence sanitizer usage.
Results: Compared to no signage, dispensers with signs had 35% greater usage, with the static descriptive norms sign associated with greatest usage (46% compared to no sign), although differences did not reach conventional levels of significance. The strongest predictor of sanitizer use was a residence hall’s degree of COVID-19 risk based on the hall’s case positivity.
Conclusions: Dispensers with signs had higher use than those without signs, but this difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that compared to prior research, \u27nudges\u27 such as evidence-based messaging may have had less of an effect on health behavior engagement due to methodological differences across studies or characteristics of the COVID-19 context.</p
Priority of Risk (But Not Perceived Magnitude of Risk) Predicts Improved Sun-Protection Behavior Following Genetic Counseling for Familial Melanoma
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/17927/87871-thumbnail.jpgBackground Understanding multiple components of risk perceptions is important because perceived risk predicts engagement in prevention behaviors.
Purpose To examine how multiple components of risk perceptions (perceived magnitude of and worry about risk, prioritization of the management of one\u27s risk) changed following genetic counseling with or without test reporting, and to examine which of these components prospectively predicted improvements in sunprotection behavior 1 year later.
Methods A prospective, nonrandomized study design was used. Participants were 114 unaffected members of melanoma-prone families who (i) underwent genetic testing for a CDKN2A/p16 mutation (n = 69) or (ii) were at comparably elevated risk based on family history and underwent genetic counseling but not testing (no-test controls, n = 45). Participants reported risk perception components and sun-protection behavior at baseline, immediately following counseling, and 1 month and 1 year after counseling.
Results Factor analysis indicated three risk components. Carriers reported increased perceived magnitude and priority of risk, but not cancer worry. No-test controls showed no changes in any risk perception. Among noncarriers, priority of risk remained high at all assessments, whereas magnitude of risk and cancer worry decreased. Of the three risk components, greater priority of risk uniquely predicted improved self-reported sun protection 1 year post-counseling.
Conclusions Priority of risk (i) seems to be a component of risk perceptions distinguishable from magnitude of risk and cancer worry, (ii) may be an important predictor of daily prevention behavior, and (iii) remained elevated 1 year following genetic counseling only for participants who received a positive melanoma genetic test result.</p
Re-examining intercultural research and relations in the COVID pandemic
No full textThe authors provide an urgent call for cross- and intercultural scholars to re-examine many of the related themes and classic or contemporary study areas of “intercultural communication” and “intercultural relations” in light of the impacts that the novel coronal (COVID-19) pandemic is having on human interaction both across and within our social-cultural contexts. As scholars focusing on intercultural communications/relations, education, management, psychology, and social issues, the global COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a range of intercultural problems or issues that need to be researched to better understand related aspects of human suffering, social disruption, and economic inequalities. New research projects/papers need to address how these impact key intercultural theme/topic areas like cultural attributions/expectations, values/beliefs, identities, perceptions/stereotypes/prejudice, language/speech codes, cultural systems/patterns, acculturation/adaptation, intercultural effectiveness/sensitivity/competence, and conflict (Kulich et al., 2020, Table 3.7). Some research areas and applications potentially affected by COVID are highlighted, including our sense of national/international identity and cooperation, our mediated or actual social networks, our ways of framing or carrying out intercultural or cross-cultural cooperation, new issues emerging in inter-group contact, how we apply cross-cultural taxonomies or dimensions to analyze data, and how these ultimately affect our relationships with each other across all levels of culture (from dyads, to groups, sub- or co-cultures) or express and affirm interculturality at such times. Each area is highlighted by calls for specific types of intercultural research to address these challenges and opportunities.</p
The Five W\u27s Meet the Three R\u27s: The Who, What, When, Where, and Why of Telepractice Service Delivery for School-Based Speech-Language Therapy Services
No full textSchool-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are implementing telecommunication technologies for service provision. Telepractice is one among an array of service delivery models that can be successfully implemented in the public-school setting. While many school-based SLPs have been plunged into telepractice with the recent pandemic, this temporary shift to emergency instruction is not the same as fully implementing a telepractice service delivery model. SLPs who recognize the potential application of telecommunications would profit from additional training and experience to take advantage of the benefits of this service delivery model. The purpose of this article is to explore the concept of telepractice as a service delivery model, and to answer the who, what, when, where, and why questions of school-based telepractice. Telepractice is one of several service delivery models that school-based SLPs can confidently utilize to provide effective speech and language therapy services to school-age students.</p
Interaction of active droplets with director gradients in nematic liquid crystal
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/14386/83891-thumbnail.jpgNematic liquid crystal environment enables directional propulsion of spherical droplets representing aqueous dispersion of bacterial microswimmers[1]. Here we explore how the dynamics of active droplets can be controlled by patterning the nematic environment with singular and nonsingular director field. We use the plasmonic metamasks technique to pattern the director the form of non-singular disclinations. We demonstrate that interactions of the active droplet with the director gradients of the environment can be used to control propagation direction, speed, and locations of traps that stop propulsion.
Rajabi, M., Baza, H., Turiv, T. & Lavrentovich, O. D. Directional self-locomotion of active droplets enabled by nematic environment. Nat. Phys., doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-01055-5 (2020).
</ol
Brainchild 2021
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/16534/85123-thumbnail.jp