2199 research outputs found
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Fusion Spring 2019
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Quantifying the rate of denitrification in different stream components of a 4th order stream
No full textNitrogen is an important macroelement essential for life. Denitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle which microbially converts nitrate to nitrous oxide (incomplete denitrification) or di-nitrogen gas (complete denitrification). Denitrification is ecologically significant in streams as it can help in mitigating the amount of nitrate transport downstream. In this study, conducted in summer 2018, we examined the rate of denitrification in various stream components (sediment, water and macroinvertebrates). Freshwater macroinvertebrate guts have been shown to be a site for denitrification in prior research works. For the purpose of the study two sites in the West Branch of the Mahoning River (in Jennings Woods) were chosen. Macro-invertebrates that were sampled include crayfish, mayfly, caddisfly and members of Athericidae. Rate of denitrification was measured with and without acetylene block treatment. Each component (sample) was replicated thrice per treatment except caddisfly and mayfly samples due to lack of sufficient individuals that could be obtained from the respective sites. Caddisfly and mayfly samples were used only for the study with acetylene block treatment. Rate of denitrification was statistically significant among samples in both the sites and between the two different treatments. Sample, site, interaction between sample and site and the interaction between sample, site and treatment were also statistically significant. The future goal is to study the functional genes associated with denitrification in the various stream components and perform 16S gene sequencing to gain insight regarding the microbial community present in the various stream components
Living architecture: an anthropocentric and biocentric review
No full textIn the event of the environmental urgency, the necessity for ecologically friendly architecture was the driving impetus behind the emergence of living architecture. The perplexity overarching this notion bars architects from embracing and implementing it into their designs. This paper is an attempt to define living architecture; what are the similarities and differences with other trajectories of green architecture approaches, also, what it represents for both human and the environment, removing the ambiguity that overshadows it. Built on the philosophical and historical literature reflected on a range of world known case studies, it demonstrates what living architecture entails from an anthropocentric and biocentric approaches. It is believed that a clear understanding of the living architecture role and importance will result in proper implementation by designers whether we build for human or nature. Living architecture is a relatively new and thriving concept; yet, it lacks coherence due to the complexity of its components which mandates the architectural community for continuous research
A parametric study of impact of Neighborhood Morphology on air pollution dispersion patterns due to unplanned building demolition.
No full textAn unplanned demolition of a building can be a result of either natural e.g. earthquake or human-made disaster e.g. terrorist attack and wars. It generates considerable amount of coarse, fine and ultrafine Particulate Matter, which are significantly associated with chronic and acute adverse health effects. Literature study attributed to few studies about the impact of planned demolition on local air quality, while the short-term bursts of pollutants and public exposure to this high pollution levels during an unplanned demolition were widely overlooked. Meanwhile, the existing research has also pointed out that the characteristics of the pollutant dispersion are highly dependent on the urban morphology. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the pattern and characteristics of pollution dispersion due to unplanned building demolition in a compact high-rise/ low rise and open high-rise/ low rise neighborhood. CFD-based microscale air quality model “ENVI-met” was used to simulate the pollution dispersion in the selected morphologies. The pollution concentration was measured at the various horizontal and vertical distance at various times and wind directions (0 and 315 deg). Thirty-six different measurement from horizontal dispersion and forty-eight different measurements from vertical dispersion for PM concentration and wind speed were measured and tabulated. LEONARDO was used to visualize the output in ENVI_met binary files and Microsoft Excel was used to plot the graphs showing a summary of relationship between the tested parameters. The results indicated that the pollution dispersion pattern depended on its neighborhood morphology which is represented by its street canyon and building height, wind flow and vegetations. These findings are followed by the design recommendations based on the observation of pollution dispersion pattern in different morphologies while suggesting a need of air quality standards for short term high pollution levels
Baseline biodiversity measures for vegetative roofs
No full textVegetative roofs can be designed to extend local habitat or replace, in part, the functionality of regional plant and wildlife communities lost in urban development. In creating living architecture habitat, it is important to understand the characteristics that are transferable from the local ecosystems to a roof environment. Commonly referred to as a ‘habitat template’ approach (Lundholm, 2006), roof systems can be designed as speculative habitat which incorporates local ecological wildlife community insight and biodiversity provisioning. To improve the understanding of speculative roof habitat, we investigate novel ecosystems and system attributes (soils, plants, and insect species) in Northeastern Ohio, USA. Novel ecosystems harbor species compositions and relative abundances that have not previously occurred in a given biome (Hobbs, 2006). New and unique species combinations arise frequently in impacted habitats that possess both historic and uncommon associations which refer to as ‘eco-types’ for this study’s descriptive purpose. We use our observations for informing a design process conducted in partnership with the Cleveland Metro Parks, and highlight the importance of partnerships between institutional and public organizations. Reported here are the locations and primary descriptions of 5 eco-types across 19 sites in the Cleveland, Ohio area
Motivational Factors and Gender Differences in the Successful Completion of Music Education Doctoral Programs: A Pilot Study
No full text/sites/default/files/journals/2/articles/56/submission/thumbnail.jpgAbstract
What accounts for the success or failure of music education doctoral students regarding the completion of their degrees? Though students continue to enter doctoral programs, high attrition rates indicate many are not completing their degrees, including PhD students in music education. Perhaps those who complete this high level of academic achievement are more highly motivated than those who do not. An investigation of the differences between genders regarding motivation and length of time for degree completion is the focus of this study and seeks to answer the following: What effect does motivation have on music education doctoral students in the completion of their degrees? Are there motivational differences between male and female music education doctoral students concerning the completion of their degrees? Is there a difference in the amount of time it takes for female music education doctoral students to complete their degrees as compared to male students? Relating factors of motivation to achievement, the Expectancy-Value Theory of Achievement Motivation is the framework used in this study. A questionnaire was used in this quantitative pilot study of former music education doctoral students (n=12) at universities in Ohio who obtained their PhDs within the last 15 years. Results indicate no significant difference between genders regarding the length of time for degree completion, though differences were found in motivational factors for starting and continuing in music education doctoral programs until completion. Limitations, implications, and recommendations for future research are suggested.</p
Ohio History Spring 2019
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/10120/OH-v126n1-thumb.jpgOHIO HISTORY
Contents for Volume 126, Number 1, Spring 2019
Contributors ...... 4
Blue Jacket, Anthony Wayne, and the Psychological and Symbolic War for Ohio, 1790–95
Joshua Casmir Catalano ...... 5
Luke Swetland’s Narratives Revisited
Elaine Verdill ...... 35
Ohio’s John A. Bingham in Meiji Japan: The Politician as Diplomat
Jack Hammersmith ...... 58
The Case for Western Reserve: Medical Education Reform in the Midwest, 1900–1920
Naomi Rendina ...... 72
Book Reviews ...... 89
On the cover: Anthony Wayne’s defeat of the Indians, at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, near Toledo, Ohio, August 20, 1794. Courtesy of the Library of Congress.</p
Writing Center Review Volume 24 Spring 2019
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Productivity in Baseball: How Babe Ruth Beats the Benchmark
No full text/sites/default/files/journals/4/articles/189/submission/thumbnail.jpgMany statistics are used to measure the productivity of hitters in Major League Baseball, such as the number of home runs and the number of runs batted in a season. However, comparing the talent of individual players across time is difficult as rules and technologies change. In this paper, we propose applying a practice commonly utilized in the finance literature to compare the performance of individual stocks and other assets, namely, we “benchmark” the productivity of each player’s performance to players in the same time period. Applying our benchmarking strategy to annual Major League Baseball data from 1871-2010, we find that Babe Ruth is the greatest hitter of all time.</p
Evidence of Colloidal pyrite transport in soils developing on historic coal mine spoils
No full textHistoric coal mines are one of the major generators of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) in the United States. Past coal mining activities in Huff Run, Ohio generated large mine spoils and oxidation of these mine spoils led to a serious AMD generation in the Huff Run watershed. A remediation project conducted in the Huff Run watershed costing over $590,000 failed to resolve AMD generation. The persistent AMD generation could be associated with the possible formation, transportation and oxidation of colloidal pyrite from mine spoils. To investigate the transport of colloidal pyrite through unsaturated soil in Huff Run subwatershed HR#25, eight lysimeters were installed and pore water samples were collected during summer of 2018. Initial studies have indicated the presence of colloidal pyrites in the porewater. The scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analysis of the colloidal particles isolated from pore water samples revealed the presence of iron (Fe), sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) bearing phases in the colloids which are consistent with pyrite (FeS2) and the oxidation product Fe oxides. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the colloidal samples confirmed the presence of multiple phases of sulfide bearing minerals (FeS2, FeAsS2, CuFeS2). Both SEM-EDS and XRD detected the presence of Fe oxides associated with colloidal pyrite which can have a significant environmental impact in terms of colloidal pyrite oxidation, AMD generation and trace metals adsorption.</p