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Ohio History Spring 2020
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/10118/OH-v127n1-thumb.jpgOHIO HISTORY
Contents for Volume 127, Number 1, Spring 2020
Contributors ...... 6
Editor’s Note ...... 8
Cincinnati’s Base Hospital No. 25: A Community’s Contribution to World War I
Richard M. Prior and Kimberly Mullins ...... 9
Supreme Court Appointments in Presidential Election Years: The Case of John Hessin Clarke
Jonathan L. Entin ...... 30
“True” Conservatives in Fifties America: Robert A. Taft and the Politics of a Hoosier Soldier in Korea
Douglas A. Dixon ...... 58
Everett Tilson: Pioneer in the Condemnation of White Privilege
Paul Burnam ...... 87
Barack Obama Day and the Hazelwood Subdivison: Public Rituals of Empowerment in an African American Community
Michael H. Washington ...... 104
Book Reviews ...... 121
On the cover: Surgical ward at Christmas dinner, Base Hospital No. 25 (National Library of Medicine, Image A08578)</p
Sewn at $0.13/hour
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/10464/10635-thumbnail.jpgThis piece visually illustrates how inexpensive fashion garments are made using sweatshop laborers who are often underserved peoples with little opportunity to demand better working conditions. By sewing a garment with paint-covered hands on transparent fabric, the marks left behind illuminate the skill and dexterity required of a garment industry worker and the need for transparency to hold the industry accountable for unethical labor practices.</p
Detecting the Coronavirus (COVID-19)
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/10688/11464-thumbnail.jpgThe COVID-19 pandemic has created huge damage to society and brought panic around the world. Such panic can be ascribed to the seemingly deceptive features of COVID-19: Compared to other deadly viral outbreaks, it has medium transmission and mortality rates. As a result, the severity of the causative coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was deeply underestimated by society at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on this, in this review, we define the viruses with features similar to those of SARS-CoV-2 as the Panic Zone viruses. To contain those viruses, accurate and fast diagnosis followed by effective isolation and treatment of patients are pivotal at the early stage of virus breakouts. This is especially true when there is no cure or vaccine available for a transmissible disease, which is the case for the current COVID-19 pandemic. As of July 2020, more than 100 kits for COVID-19 diagnosis on the market have been surveyed in this review, while emerging sensing techniques for SARS-CoV-2 are also discussed. It is of critical importance to rationally use these kits for efficient management and control of the Panic Zone viruses. Therefore, we discuss guidelines to select diagnostic kits at different outbreak stages of the Panic Zone viruses, SARS-CoV-2 in particular. While it is of utmost importance to use nucleic acid based detection kits with low false negativity (high sensitivity) at the early stage of an outbreak, the low false positivity (high specificity) gains importance at later stages of the outbreak. When society is set to reopen from the lockdown stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes critical to have immunoassay based kits with high specificity to identify people who can safely return to society after their recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infections. Finally, since a massive attack from a viral pandemic requires a massive defense from the whole society, we urge both government and the private sector to research and develop affordable and reliable point-of-care testing (POCT) kits, which can be used massively by the general public (and therefore called massive POCT) to contain Panic Zone viruses in the future.
Link to published version included, and author\u27s accepted version included here.</p
Repurposing surgical wrap textiles for use as protective masks during pandemic response
No full textWe are in the midst of a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus. At the time of writing, there were 2.17 million global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases with 146,000 deaths. Unfortunately, some of these deaths represent health care workers and first responders. One major challenge in preventing the occupational spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). (Our use of the phrase “surgical mask design or type” below is to denote the appearance of the mask. It is the textile that we believe makes this design of mask an FFR, as it creates a negative pressure environment that filters Bitrex particles out of the air that the user is breathing.)</p
To Tweet or Not to Tweet-a Review of the Viral Power of Twitter for Infectious Diseases
No full textPurpose of Review With real-time communication crucial to both healthcare professionals (HCPs) and the public in infectious diseases (ID), social media networking sites has become even more important. Twitter is the most popular form of social media used for ID communication. We will review the power of Twitter in ID. Recent Findings Twitter allows for real-time sharing of educational resources at ID scientific conferences, enabling individuals that are not able to attend conferences to follow conferences anytime anywhere and stimulate discussion around topics of interest with experts from across the globe. Further, Twitter chats are a valuable tool for stewardship, with different accounts periodically hosting chats on various stewardship topics. Several studies have also demonstrated the strong relationship between dissemination and citation impact of publications with the help of Twitter. There is great value in engaging with non-ID people on Twitter via dissemination of ID knowledge to other disciplines. Lastly, when used appropriately, Twitter is a useful site for distributing vaccine information, whether informally (by advocates and physicians) or formally (by government entities) and allows one to keep up with ongoing ID outbreaks in real time. Twitter has transformed how we communicate in healthcare. Particularly in ID, where bacteria and viruses can enter/exit borders anytime anywhere, global real-time information about outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance for clinicians and the public is critical. Twitter has no hierarchy or barriers, is a conduit for global collaboration, and is a way for HCPs and the public to "social"ize on healthcare topics, if used appropriately.</p
The Use of Topical Oxygen Therapy to Treat a Calciphylaxis Wound During a Global Pandemic: A Case Report
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/12481/83395-thumbnail.jpgIntroduction. Calciphylaxis is a rare, highly morbid pathological syndrome of vascular calcification and tissue necrosis. It is predominantly seen in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on chronic dialysis. There is no definitive standard of care for calciphylaxis, and the overall prognosis for patients, particularly those with ulcerated lesions, is bleak. One important role of wound care clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic is to ensure that the continuity of care of an at-risk population is maintained while limiting the patient’s potential exposure to the virus. Innovative therapies paired with alternative treatment sites of service are one such method. Case Report. A 56-year-old female with ESRD on at-home peritoneal dialysis (PD) presented to the outpatient wound clinic with a punch biopsy-proven calciphylaxis lesion. Within days, state-wide “shelter-at-home” orders due to the COVID-19 pandemic went into effect. To prevent disruption in care and to minimize risk to the patient, the lesion was treated with bi-weekly self-application of a continuous topical oxygen therapy (cTOT) device paired with weekly telemedicine visits. The wound completely resolved after 9 weeks of topical oxygen therapy with no complications or device malfunctions. Conclusions. This case, to the authors’ knowledge, is the first to document healing in a calciphylaxis wound with the use of cTOT. Topical oxygen therapy may be a beneficial adjunctive therapy in the treatment of wounds caused by calciphylaxis. Finding creative ways to navigate this current health care crisis is essential to help mitigate risk for vulnerable patients with advanced comorbidities.</p
Beyond Sedum: Green Roofs as a Capsule for Biodiversity
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/10072/10191-thumbnail.jpgAs green roofs gain popularity in North America, innovation is making roofs more ecologically productive and biologically diverse. One way to increase biodiversity is through selecting and planting local and regional native plant species in the roofs. Many native plants have been shown to survive and grow on green roofs. The question then becomes, what native plants can best establish and survive on green roofs? To answer this question, this study focuses on the native green roof plant establishment in the Great Lakes region. Through three separate studies: 1) creation of a native plant database for the Great Lakes green region; 2) analyzing native plant reseeding data, and 3) recording plant establishment methods. We hope to better understand how to design a biodiverse green roof that thrives in Northeast Ohio.</p
Harvest Village Attached Housing Community
No full textHarvest Village, in Oxford, Ohio, is a Net-Zero energy ecological community located adjacent to the former Maude Marshall elementary school which has been redeveloped into the new Sowing Seeds Academy. The master plan for our project envisions a synergistic relationship between our proposed housing community and the school as an integrative and holistic experience for students, faculty and residents alike. This unique connection is strengthened by an innovative pollinator prairie, planted with a diverse mix of native flowers and grasses, enriching the greater ecosystem of the surrounding community by inviting the appearance of native birds, a bee population essential to food production, and a dynamic butterfly habitat. This also provides a unique opportunity for outdoor education and passive enjoyment with walking trails and informational signage that extend to connect the school to the Harvest Village community. Our project works to build off of recent efforts to make Oxford a Pollinator City, which is being developed by students in the Department of Architecture and the Institute for Environment and Sustainability at Miami University. Our attached housing community also aspires to be energy efficient, reduce embodied carbon and promote effective and efficient water use. We have designed a variety of housing sizes to encourage a diverse mix of community members interested in experiencing engaged community living in a regenerative landscape environment. Students focusing on architecture, engineering and sustainability have come together to propose this collaborative design focusing on ten distinct disciplines including energy performance, engineering, financial feasibility and affordability, resilience, architecture, operations, market potential, comfort and environmental quality, and innovation.</p
Measuring the Effects of Sedimentation on a Constructed Wetland Using Sensor-Collected Turbidity Data as a Proxy for Total Suspended Solids: Preliminary Results
No full texthttps://kent-islandora.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/node/10094/10208-thumbnail.jpgWith roughly three fourths of the planet’s wetlands disturbed by humans, constructed urban wetlands are becoming increasingly prevalent. These wetlands help manage urban wastewater and provide many ecosystem services, including water quality improvement, carbon sequestration, and flood control. Suspended sediments are a common pollutant in urban wastewater that can degrade a wetland’s natural filtering capabilities and can potentially bury the wetland if not managed correctly. Luckily, advances in sensor-monitoring technology may give scientists and engineers the tools they need to create wetlands that allow sediments to flow through the wetland without compromising the filtering processes. The Cleveland Metroparks Watershed Stewardship Center, located in northeast Ohio, wished to assess the flow of sediment through a series of on-site constructed wetlands in response to a nearby landfill. To measure how effectively sediment was passing through the wetlands, two popular sampling methods were employed: manually collected total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity data collected via sensors. Using the sensor data and volunteer-collected TSS data, we assessed the relationship between the two sampling methods to develop a sensor-collected proxy for suspended sediments measurements. We found an average turbidity reading of 1,012 NTU (standard deviation, N=27,971), while TSS averaged 85+/- 104 mg/L (standard deviation, N=10). Combining high-temporal resolution sensor-detected proxy measurements with more labor intensive, but more coarsely resolved direct measurements is an effective strategy for monitoring the water quality function of constructed wetlands. This will be critical to ensuring usable freshwater for future generations as the human species continues to spread across the earth.</p
Ohio University Green Roof Project
No full textThe Schoonover Center, home of the Scripps College of Communication at Ohio University’s main campus in Athens, Ohio, will be upgraded with the addition of a green roof in the Spring of 2020. The vegetated roof will promote an increase in energy efficiency, slower precipitation run-off rates, an increase in biodiversity, and a higher quality of air surrounding the Schoonover Center in uptown Athens and provide a unique learning and research environment. The roof will further Ohio University’s commitment to sustainability and take a great leap forward in achieving the institutional goals of education, outreach, and research. This project will offer various ecosystem services and the opportunity for students from a wide range of programs, both graduate and undergraduate, a hands-on learning experience. Once installed, the roof will offer a strong example of green infrastructure and promote the university community and the public’s understanding of the ecosystem services offered by implementing green infrastructure projects