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Beyond empty plates: Impact of food insecurity on early childhood development
Full text linkFood insecurity impacts millions of children worldwide, including 2.5 million children in the UK who lack consistent access to nutritious food. This paper investigates the detrimental effects of food insecurity on early childhood development, focusing on physical, cognitive and behavioural development. The first 1000 days are critical for child’s brain and body development, therefore nutritional deficiencies during this period can lead to stunted growth, weakened immunity and cognitive impairment such as poor memory due to low iron levels. Furthermore, food insecurity is associated with behavioural changes in children such as externalizing behaviours like aggression and internalizing behaviours like anxiety. This paper highlights the need for thorough strategies, including government policies, community level initiatives and educational programs for parents to address and increase awareness about food insecurity. By incorporating these interventions to improve food accessibility, these measures can support the developmental requirements of at-risk children. Further research is suggested to develop targeted solutions, to avoid lasting impacts on health and development in children
Maverick Rates and Application Timings for Weed Control in Kansas Corn
No full textMaverick herbicide was evaluated as a preemergence (PRE) treatment at Manhattan, and as a PRE and postemergence (POST) treatment at Garden City. Early in the season, Maverick applied preemergence (PRE) was as effective as Bicep II Magnum, Harness Xtra, Verdict, Resicore, or Acuron for kochia, Palmer amaranth, and green foxtail control at Garden City. Maverick PRE also controlled Russian thistle 95% early. Later in the season, Maverick or Kyro postemergence (POST) provided at least 95% kochia control, 98% Palmer amaranth control, and complete Russian thistle and green foxtail control. At the Manhattan location, Maverick was as effective on Palmer amaranth as the competitive standards. Control of entireleaf morningglory and common sunflower were more variable, but Maverick controlled these species as well as the competitive standards. Herbicide treatment at Garden City increased grain yields 57% to 81% relative to the weedy controls
Exploring Student Perceptions: Major Take-aways from Study Abroad in Scotland through Q Methodology
No full textThis study investigates student perceptions and key takeaways from participating in a short-term study abroad program to Scotland. Utilizing Q methodology, a mixed-method approach, the research explores how students prioritize learning objectives and outcomes across four thematic areas: cultural awareness, educational system nuances, historical importance, and agricultural differences. Participants, consisting of 10 students, engaged in Q-sorting activities, semi-structured interviews, and reflective journal submissions to provide insights into their experiences.
Findings revealed three distinct perspectives among participants: (1) a focus on Scotland\u27s educational systems and student-centered learning approaches, (2) an appreciation for Scottish history, heritage, and cultural traditions, and (3) a preference for outdoor activities and natural landscapes. Across all groups, Scottish heritage, cultural identity, and landscapes were consistently valued, while agricultural themes were less emphasized, highlighting a potential misalignment between program activities and objectives.
The results underscore the influence of experiential learning in fostering intercultural competence, personal growth, and academic insights. The study emphasizes the importance of aligning program design with pre-established learning goals to ensure diverse thematic areas are effectively represented. Recommendations include incorporating more agricultural experiences and conducting longitudinal research to assess long-term impacts on student perceptions and intercultural competence. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature on short-term study abroad programs, offering valuable insights for educators to optimize experiential learning opportunities and enhance global engagement among students
Shared Wisdom: How Public Health Researchers and Community Partners Learn and Lead Together
No full textWhile mentorship is traditionally perceived as top-down where seasoned academics guide earlier career individuals, we assert that mentorship is inherently bi-directional, with multi-perspective exchanges shaping our daily work. Community-engaged research challenges the traditional model by fostering reciprocal mentorship between researchers, students and community members, and this all hinges on trust. Community champions bring invaluable lived experiences, contextual knowledge, and cultural insights to research approaches, assessments, and interventions, making them essential mentors in health behavior research. This paper shares perspectives from a survey of researchers on partnership development and community-engagement. Findings showed the value of community partners as mentors and the role of trust for long-lasting relationships. Over half of faculty engaged communities in research resulting in actionable results addressing quality of life issues. Community-engaged collaborations were beneficial for improving partnership- and grant-related outcomes. We provide recommendations for building trust, setting expectations, and defining roles in community-academic mentorship relationships
Coats of Many Colours: A Brief Review of Academic Dress in Israel
No full textAt that of Israel’s founding, two institutions of higher education were operating and had been since the time of the British Mandate: The Technion and Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Neither adopted academic dress until the twenty-first century, and now several Israeli universities use it
The Academic Dress of the Associates of King’s College London
No full textKing’s College London was the largest theological training college in the UK, and for much of the twentieth century the black-bound mauve academic hood of its theological Associateship diploma, the AKC, was seen in the choir dress of those in holy orders at church services and clergy gatherings as much as the crimson and white lined hoods, respectively, of Oxford and Cambridge Masters of Arts. This article explores the origins of its academic dress and changes to it
The Shared Story: How Narratives Affect Consumers’ Sense of Community and Support for CSAs
No full textAs the demand for Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) grows, attracting and retaining consumers remains a challenge. Digital communication between farmers and consumers is recommended, but limited empirical research regarding optimal content strategies exist. Narrative persuasion, applied as a communication strategy, offers a promising opportunity to connect with CSA consumers. This study, an online between-subjects experiment, examined how consumers (n = 182) respond to narrative vs. non-narrative email messages from CSAs. Moreover, narrative perspective (first-person vs. third-person) was explored. Results indicated that consumers who read a short narrative were more likely to: feel positive emotion, a communal connection to the farm and support the farm than those who did not read a narrative. First-person perspective was viewed as less credible than third-person. Results emphasize the need for CSAs to digitally share their stories with consumers, in an effort to garner support for local farms. This study demonstrates an evidence-based approach to message development for CSAs
Sapere Aude – Dare to Be Wise: John B. Lowe
No full textSapere Aude – Dare to Be Wise is a unique editorial conversational interview-type feature. It is an attempt to deep dive into an Academy members’ background, formative experience, and education – specifically, to extract factors that contributed to their development and evolution as a professional, as well as their success as a prominent researcher in the health behavior arena. Every Academy member selected has a different story to tell and numerous models for success will emerge from this exploration of the membership
Effects of Compound Enzymes in Nursery Pig Diets of Different Nutrient Density
No full textA total of 355 nursery pigs (DNA 241 × 600, initially 29.3 ± 0.52 lb BW) were used in a 35-d growth study to determine the effects of compound enzymes (Sunzyme; Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, P.R. China) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in nursery pigs fed diets of different nutrient density. At approximately 19 d of age, pigs were weaned, randomly allotted to pens, and fed common phase 1 and 2 diets. On d 24 post-weaning, considered d 0 of the study, pigs were blocked by average pen BW and allotted to one of six dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with four or five pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Treatment diets were formulated in two dietary phases and fed from d 0 to 22 and d 22 to 35, respectively. The six treatments included two corn-soybean meal-based diets (Corn-SBM; CS) with either 0 (CS + 0) or 0.01% (CS + 0.01) enzyme and four corn-soybean meal-wheat middling-low oil DDGS-based diets (Corn-SBM-By-product; CSBP) with lower dietary energy/CP with 0 (CSBP + 0), 0.01 (CSBP + 0.01), 0.02 (CSBP + 0.02), or 0.03% (CSBP + 0.03) enzyme. At the conclusion of the study, fecal samples were collected from six pigs per treatment to determine ATTD of DM, CP, ADF, and NDF. The same pigs were then euthanized, and ileal digesta and tissue samples were collected to determine AID of AA and small intestine morphology. Overall, pigs fed CS diets had increased (P \u3c 0.05) ADG and improved (P \u3c 0.05) F/G compared to pigs fed CSBP diets, but there were no treatment effects (P \u3e 0.05) on ADFI. Pigs fed CSBP diets had increased (P \u3c 0.05) duodenal villus height compared to pigs fed CS diets, but added enzyme decreased (P \u3c 0.05) the duodenal villus height in CS diets and decreased (linear, P \u3c 0.05) duodenal villus height and VH:CD in CSBP diets. There were no effects (P \u3e 0.05) on jejunal or ileal morphology. Pigs fed CS diets had increased (P \u3c 0.05) ATTD of DM, CP, and ADF, AID of Arg, Asp, and Trp compared to pigs fed CSBP diets. There was a quadratic reduction (P = 0.015) in AID of Met as enzyme increased in CSBP diets. In summary, pigs fed CS diets had improved growth performance, ATTD of DM, CP, and ADF, and AID of Arg, Asp, and Trp compared to pigs fed CSBP diets. The addition of a compound enzyme had no effect on overall growth performance but had a negative impact on duodenal morphology, ATTD of DM and CP, and AID of Met in CSBP diets
Effects of Compound Enzymes in Reduced Nutrient Density Nursery Pig Diets
No full textA total of 356 nursery pigs (DNA 241 × 600, initially 27.3 ± 0.48 lb BW) were used in a 35-d growth study to determine the effects of compound enzymes (Sunzyme; Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, P.R. China) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in reducednutrient- density nursery pig diets. At approximately 19 d of age, pigs were weaned, randomly allotted to pens, and fed common phase 1 and 2 diets. On d 24 post-weaning, considered d 0 of the study, pigs were blocked by average pen BW and allotted to one of six dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with four or five pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Treatment diets were formulated in two dietary phases and fed from d 0 to 21 and d 21 to 35, respectively. The six treatments included a corn-soybean meal-based diet without compound enzyme (CS) and five corn-soybean meal-wheat middling-low oil DDGS-based diets (CSBP) with 0, 0.01, 0.02, or 0.03% compound enzyme 1 or 0.02% compound enzyme 2. At the conclusion of the study (d 35), fecal samples were collected from 12 pigs per treatment to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, CP, and NDF. From d 0 to 21, pigs fed the CS diet had increased (P \u3c 0.001) ADG and improved (P \u3c 0.001) F/G compared to pigs fed CSBP diets, but there were no treatment effects (P \u3e 0.10) on ADFI. From d 21 to 35, pigs fed the CS diet had increased (P = 0.006) ADG and tended to have improved (P = 0.053) F/G compared to pigs fed CSBP diets. Overall, pigs fed the CS diet had increased (P \u3c 0.001) ADG and improved (P \u3c 0.001) F/G compared to pigs fed CSBP diets. For ATTD measures, pigs fed the CS diet had increased (P \u3c 0.05) ATTD of DM and NDF compared to pigs fed CSBP diets. Pigs fed CSBP + 0.02% compound enzyme 1 had increased (P \u3c 0.05) ATTD of DM, CP, and NDF compared to pigs fed CSBP + 0.02% compound enzyme 2. In summary, pigs fed the CS diet had increased ADG and ATTD of DM and NDF and improved F/G compared to pigs fed CSBP diets. Pigs fed CSBP + 0.02% compound enzyme 1 had increased ATTD of DM, CP, and NDF compared to pigs fed CSBP + 0.02% compound enzyme 2