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Effect of Nursery Phase Feeding Budget and Weaning Body Weight on Nursery Pig Growth Performance, Fecal Dry Matter, and Economics
Get PDFA total of 270 pigs (initially 13.5 ± 0.59 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of phase feeding budget and weaning weight on nursery performance, fecal dry matter, and economics. At weaning, pigs were sorted by body weight (BW) and then randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 factorial design with main effects of nursery phase feeding budget (high, medium, or low) and BW (light, medium, or heavy). There were five pigs per pen and six pens per treatment. The feed budgets for phases 1 and 2 were 4, 2, 0, and 12, 8, 4 lb/pig for high, medium, and low nursery feeding duration, respectively. All pigs were then fed a common phase 3 thereafter. Each BW category (light, medium, and heavy) contained 33% of the pigs. Phase 1 was formulated using spray-dried bovine plasma, processed soy product, and spray-dried whey, and was formulated to 17.5% lactose with 16.3% soybean meal. In phase 2, specialty protein sources and the lactose level were reduced, and diets contained 22.4% soybean meal. Phase 3 was a typical corn-soybean meal-based diet with no specialty protein sources. Through the course of this trial, pigs were of good health with few mortalities. No interactions were observed (P \u3e 0.10) between phase feeding budget and BW category for any response criteria. There was no significant effect (P \u3e 0.10) of the nursery phase feeding budget on overall performance; however, pigs fed the low feeding budget program had greater (P = 0.018) fecal dry matter on d 10 than those fed the medium phase feeding budget. Feed cost and feed cost/lb of gain decreased as phases 1 and 2 feed budgets decreased (P \u3c 0.001). No differences (P = 0.822) were observed for revenue between phase feeding programs. For income over feed cost (IOFC) no differences (P = 0.301) were observed between any phase feeding budget program. The overall d 41 BW, ADG, ADFI, feed cost, revenue, and IOFC increased (P \u3c 0.001) as weaning BW category increased. However, no differences (P \u3e 0.10) were observed between any BW category for F/G and feed cost/lb of gain. In conclusion, for a high-health group of pigs, the phase feeding budget program did not significantly impact nursery performance, but economics and d 10 fecal dry matter improved for pigs fed the low phase feeding program. Pigs that were heavier at weaning had better overall nursery performance and economical return than lighter pigs
Book Review: Unf*ck Your Worth: Overcome Your Money Emotions, Value Your Own Labor, and Manage Financial Freak-Outs in a Capitalist Hellscape
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Do Ostriches Worry Less? Information Avoidance and Retirement Worry
Get PDFThe demand for information and its usefulness is well documented and found to be driven by factors such as curiosity, the pursuit of knowledge, or increased economic utility. However, the usefulness of information can be offset by avoidance responses. This study investigated the relationship between the practice of information avoidance and retirement worry based on theoretical support from the transactional theory of stress and coping. Specifically, this study focused on avoiding information related to retirement savings needs. Results showed that as respondents increased avoidance behaviors, they were more likely to report no retirement worry relative to each of the higher reported levels of retirement worry. These findings support increased attention to avoidance behaviors by financial planners, therapists, and counselors as it can influence, or possibly mask, the emotional well-being of their clients. The study’s insights can be used in various contexts, e.g., communicating financial information, making recommendations, or developing client coping strategies
Effect of Grinding and Pelleting Sorghum Grain Varieties with a Hammermill on Subsequent Particle Size, Flowability, and Pelleting Durability Index
Get PDFTwo experiments were conducted to determine the processing characteristics of yellow corn and three varieties of sorghum grain: red non-waxy, red waxy, and white waxy. Experiment 1 was conducted with consistent hammermill parameters to determine the impact of each respective grain source on subsequent particle size (dgw), standard deviation (Sgw), and angle of repose (AoR). The four grain sources ground within the first experiment were then formulated into diets to be manufactured into pelleted feed. All pelleting parameters were held consistent throughout the duration of the experiment to determine the effects of different grain sources on the pelleting process and subsequent pellet durability index (PDI). Results within exp. 1 determined the four grain sources to have different dgw values. To account for the confounding factor of particle size, exp. 2 was conducted with the same experimental design, however, aimed to achieve a consistent target dgw within each of the four grain types. Data were analyzed as a randomized block design using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS v9.4. When grinding with consistent hammermill parameters, dgw was greater (P = 0.001) in both waxy varieties of sorghum when compared to red non-waxy sorghum and yellow corn. Yellow corn had a greater (P \u3c 0.001) Sgw when compared to that of the sorghum grain varieties. Waxy sorghum grain had improved (P \u3c 0.001) AoR in comparison to the other grain sources. When grinding to a consistent particle size, the sorghum varieties had improved AoR values (P \u3c 0.001) when compared to yellow corn. Finally, both red and white waxy sorghum-based diets had improved PDI (P \u3c 0.05) within both experiment 1 and 2 when compared to red non-waxy and yellow corn-based diets. In conclusion, waxy sorghum grain had significant impacts in feed processing characteristics such as a greater dgw and an improved PDI when compared to yellow corn, thus representing possible improvements for feed processing quality when using these respective varieties of sorghum grain
Is Nitrogen the Limiting Factor to Maintain Feed Efficiency when Feeding Low Protein, Amino Acid Fortified Diets?
Get PDFA total of 981 mixed-sex pigs ([Fast LW × PIC L02] × PIC 800; initially 22.8 ± 0.42 lb) were used in a 21-d study to determine if nitrogen, derived from non-protein nitrogen or amino nitrogen, is the limiting factor to maintain feed efficiency when feeding low protein, amino acid fortified diets. Pens of pigs were randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. There were 19 to 20 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment. The experimental diets were corn-soybean meal-based and were fed when pigs reached an approximate BW of 23 lb, considered d 0 of the study. The five treatments consisted of: 1) low level of feed-grade AAs with a SID Lys:CP ratio of 6.0:1; 2) moderate level of feed-grade AAs with a SID Lys:CP ratio of 6.5:1; 3) high level of feed-grade AAs with a SID Lys:CP ratio of 7.0:1; 4) diet 3 with di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) added to achieve a SID Lys:calculated CP ratio of 6.5:1; 5) diet 3 with glycine added to achieve a SID Lys:calculated CP ratio of 6.5:1. All diets contained 0.4% titanium dioxide for determination of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). Treatment diets were fed for 21 days. Feces were collected on d 21 from three pigs per pen to determine fecal DM. Overall (d 0 to 21), ADG was not influenced by treatment. Feed efficiency worsened (linear, P = 0.002; quadratic, P = 0.054) as the SID Lys:CP ratio was increased above 6.5% with additional feed-grade AAs. Adding DAP or glycine to the high feed-grade AA diet improved (P ≤ 0.003) feed efficiency compared to pigs fed the high feed-grade AA diet because of a reduction (P = 0.007) or numerical reduction (P = 0.109), respectively, in ADFI. There was a decrease (linear, P \u3c 0.001) in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as feed-grade AAs increased. Adding additional nitrogen to the high feed-grade AA diet increased (DAP; P = 0.038) or tended to increase (glycine, P = 0.091) BUN. There was a tendency (quadratic, P = 0.051) in fecal DM with pigs fed the moderate feed-grade AA diet having the lowest fecal DM. Pigs fed the diet containing DAP had increased (P = 0.005) fecal DM compared with pigs fed the high feed-grade AA diet. There was a tendency for an increase (P = 0.060) in the ATTD of DM for pigs fed the DAP diet compared with the pigs fed the high feed-grade AA diet. The ATTD of CP decreased (linear, P = 0.048) as the SID Lys:CP ratio increased. Pigs fed the diets containing either DAP or glycine had increased (P ≤ 0.026) CP digestibility compared with pigs fed the high feed-grade AA diet. These data suggest that diets for 25 to 50 lb pigs should be formulated to a SID Lys:CP ratio of 6.5 or lower and that adding a non-protein nitrogen source or non-essential AA to diets formulated above this ratio can improve feed efficiency and CP digestibility
Improving Access to Higher Education with Open Educational Resources (OER)
Get PDFThe increasing costs of traditionally published course materials and online homework platforms has further limited who can afford to obtain a degree in higher education. Open Educational Resources help make higher education more accessible to low-income students by relieving the burden of expensive textbooks. Adoption of OER has proven to improve academic success for students and increase retention rates. Use of OER materials allows educators to adapt their curriculum to students’ specific learning needs with the ability to remix or alter textbooks. OER is a growing initiative in higher education as tuition and textbook rates continue to skyrocket. My role as the Digital Scholarship and OER Librarian allows me to lead these initiatives at Emporia State University through my work in committees, collaborating with faculty to implement OER materials, and promoting OER adoption. This paper will further explain the issues with the textbook industry, how OER can help relieve the financial strain on students, and my own initiatives to make higher education more accessible to everyone at ESU financially and academically
Stronger Together: Tutoring Services Finds a Home in K-State Libraries
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A Fitting Tribute: New Memorial Scholarship Supports Libraries Student Ambassadors
Get PDFA new endowed scholarship will assist K-State Libraries Student Ambassadors when they need a helping hand