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Enjoying “First Sale Doctrine: An Appreciation of library lending from then to now
No full textLibraries have enjoyed the benefits of the first sale doctrine for over 100 years, empowering libraries to lend lawfully purchased physical materials to patrons in their communities. As the information landscape has developed, libraries have moved from lending just physical materials to digital as well. With interlibrary loan (ILL) creating a network of broader lending systems and libraries taking on the challenge of license negotiations, library lending has evolved. Libraries now create and facilitate dissemination of works through library-based publishing and open access initiatives.
This presentation seeks to celebrate the ability of libraries to lend and accentuates the changes that have affected Academic Librarianship over the past 50 years. Participants will learn about law that supports libraries, how collection development has evolved, the resulting shift in interlibrary loan, and how libraries promote the research cycle through library publishing. The presenters hope to start conversations about the state of library lending and the possibility of a future where libraries no longer enjoy first sale
Physical Activity in Adolescence and Cannabis Use in Adulthood: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health in the United States (1994-2018)
No full textAdolescence is a key period when many individuals experience changes in their physical activity behaviors and start using cannabis, making it a time to both promote physical activity and prevent cannabis use. This study examined the association between physical activity in adolescence and cannabis use in adulthood.
We analyzed data from 2,196 adolescents who participated in Waves I to V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) from 1994-2018. Participants had a mean age of 15 at baseline and were followed for 24 years. Using weighted mixed-effects Poisson models, we estimated the association between physical activity in Wave 1 (1994-1995) and time-varying cannabis use across subsequent waves, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and baseline substance use. Results were stratified by type of physical activity (i.e., sports, exercise).
At baseline, participants engaged in physical activity about 6 times per week on average. Age, sex, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use were significantly associated with cannabis use over time. Physical activity was associated with lower cannabis use when defined as daily versus less than daily (IRR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41, 0.95; p = 0.03), but not when analyzed as a continuous frequency variable (IRR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.02; p = 0.483). Participation in sports and exercise showed a protective association when categorized by weekly frequency.
These findings suggest that physical activity may protect against cannabis use, although the association depends on how activity is measured. Future research should explore the association of different types and contexts of physical activity on cannabis use over time
School-Based Trauma-Informed Care to Increase Educational Engagement Among Zambia\u27s Rural Girls
No full textDespite international consensus that girls’ education delivers an unmatched boost to a low-income nation’s development goals, Zambia’s rural girls continue to face severe educational marginalization. Frequently, they also face trauma at the intersections of poverty, gender, and AIDS-related stigma. This paper highlights the impact of complex trauma on learning and the potential to contextualize and apply SAMHSA’s six principles of trauma-informed care (TIC) in Zambian schools. Zambian trauma-informed (TI) schools can foster resilience and improve educational engagement. The proposed framework can create inclusive, supportive school environments that empower marginalized girls and promote social justice
Transforming Education: Advancing Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging for Systemic Change
No full textThis paper examines how Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging (DEIB) practices can help address educational inequalities, particularly those rooted in systemic racism. Drawing on Critical Race Theory (CRT), it argues that embedding DEIB into educational systems is essential for dismantling the barriers that perpetuate inequity. The paper highlights how DEIB practices, when applied systematically, can foster collaboration, challenge entrenched inequalities, and promote educational transformation. It calls on educators, policymakers, and scholars to adopt DEIB principles within school policies, curricula, and professional development to create more inclusive educational environments, ensuring all students—especially students of color—can achieve their full potential. This paper calls on educators, policymakers, and leaders to reframe current educational practices and prioritize DEIB in the pursuit of equity. This transformation requires addressing entrenched power structures and shifting from superficial diversity efforts to systemic reforms that ensure long-term, meaningful change. DEIB should be seen not as an add-on but as a central framework for reshaping educational practices, policies, and goals
Evaluation of Split Suckling Strategies on Pre- and Post-Weaning Piglet Growth and Mortality
No full textA total of 1,513 sows, approximately 505 sows per treatment, and their litters were used in a 20-d lactation study to determine the effects of split-suckling strategies on litter growth, pre-weaning mortality, and post-weaning performance. Sows were blocked by parity, and sows and their litters were allotted to one of three treatments consisting of a control treatment with no split-suckling, or one of two treatments using different split-suckle protocols. For split-suckle treatment 1, litters were split-suckled based on birth order, with the first eight pigs born marked at birth, and upon the completion of farrowing, the eight marked pigs were removed from the sow for 45 min. After 45 min, the eight marked pigs were placed back on the sow, and the unmarked pigs born later in the birth order were removed from the sow for 45 min, and then all pigs were returned to the sow. For split-suckle treatment 2, after farrowing was completed, the eight heaviest pigs in the litter were removed from the sow for 1.5 h and then returned to the sow, completing the split-suckle treatment. Litters on split-suckle strategies 1 and 2 were split-suckled within 18 h of birth. Cross-fostering occurred within treatment 24 h after the completion of farrowing and after the split-suckling treatment was applied. Fallback pigs were identified from d 2 to 12 after birth, pulled, and placed on a nurse sow. There were no differences (P \u3e 0.10) in litter size at d 1 or weaning. Piglet weights on d 1 and weaning were not different (P \u3e 0.10) among treatments. No differences (P \u3e 0.10) in pre-weaning mortality from d 1 to d 2, d 2 to weaning, or overall were observed. There was no difference (P \u3e 0.10) in the percentage of fallback pigs fostered to a nurse sow. Pre-weaning mortality was analyzed by body weight category at birth within treatment, light (≤ 2.6 lb), medium (2.7 \u3c × ≤ 3.2 lb), and heavy (≥ 3.3 lb) pigs; with no differences (P \u3e 0.10) in pre-weaning mortality from d 1 to weaning observed. A subset of pigs was followed into the nursery and finisher to track post-weaning growth performance and mortality, with no differences (P \u3e 0.10) in ADG, ADFI, F/G, or mortality observed in the nursery or finisher. Overall, the split-suckle strategies used in this study did not affect pig growth performance or mortality pre- or post-weaning compared to not split-suckling
Effects of Dietary Crude Protein and Added Zinc on Nursery Pig Growth Performance and Fecal Dry Matter
No full textA total of 360 weanling pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initially 12.0 ± 0.07 lb) were used in a 42-d growth trial to determine the effects of dietary crude protein and pharmacological levels of Zn (from ZnO) on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter. Pigs were balanced for gender, stratified into three weight categories, and randomly allotted to pens. Pens of pigs were then assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a generalized randomized block design with five pigs per pen and 12 replicate pens per treatment. The treatments were in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of crude protein (low, medium, high) and Zn (110 or 3,000 mg/kg). Crude protein (CP) levels were low (20.5% in phase 1; 20% in phase 2), medium (22% in phase 1; 21.5% in phase 2), and high (23.5% in phase 1; 23% in phase 2). All basal diets contained 110 mg/kg Zn from ZnSO₄ and ZnO, which was added to reach 3,000 mg/kg where applicable. Diets were fed in three phases: phase 1 (d 0 to 10), phase 2 (d 10 to 25), and a common diet was fed to all pigs during phase 3 (d 25 to 42). During phase 1 (d 0 to 10), there was a quadratic CP × Zn interaction (P = 0.035) observed for F/G, where increasing CP in low-added Zn diets did not influence F/G. However, when CP increased in diets containing 3,000 mg/kg added Zn, a quadratic response was observed (P = 0.035) with the medium CP treatment having poorer F/G compared to the low and high CP diets. During phase 1, increasing CP decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.047) ADG and ADFI, but there was no effect on F/G. During phase 2 (d 10 to 25), increasing CP tended to decrease ADFI (linear, P = 0.063), and F/G was improved (quadratic, P = 0.005) for pigs fed the medium CP diet. Pigs fed diets with added Zn had increased (P ≤ 0.033) ADG and ADFI, with no effect on F/G. For the experimental period (d 0 to 25), ADFI decreased (linear, P = 0.011) and ADG tended (linear, P = 0.100) to decrease as dietary CP increased. Feed efficiency tended (quadratic, P = 0.052) to be improved for pigs fed the medium CP diets. Pigs fed pharmacological levels of Zn had greater ADG, ADFI, and improved F/G (P ≤ 0.002) compared with those fed basal levels of Zn. During the common phase (d 25 to 42), pigs previously fed the medium CP diets had the lowest (quadratic, P = 0.018) ADG, and increasing the CP level worsened F/G (linear, P = 0.045; quadratic, P = 0.051). Pigs previously fed pharmacological levels of Zn tended (P = 0.052) to have decreased ADG, with no differences for ADFI or F/G. Overall (d 0 to 42), pigs fed the medium CP diets tended (quadratic, P ≤ 0.098) to have decreased ADG and ADFI compared with those fed low or high CP diets. No differences were observed in F/G based on CP level. Pigs fed pharmacological levels of Zn in the experimental phase tended (P = 0.066) to have greater overall ADG, with no evidence of a difference for ADFI or F/G. A Zn × day interaction was observed (P = 0.015) for fecal DM, where pigs fed pharmacological levels of Zn had increased fecal DM on d 10 (P \u3c 0.001) and d 25 (P = 0.024), but the magnitude of improvement was greater on d 10. In summary, there was minimal evidence of interactions between dietary CP and Zn level. In phase 1, pigs had greater ADFI and ADG with low CP diets, which also tended to be observed in the overall trial period. Pharmacological levels of Zn resulted in improvements in ADG, ADFI, and F/G during the experimental period. During the common period, pigs previously fed pharmacological Zn had lower ADG, which resulted in only a tendency for improved ADG for the overall trial period, with no overall difference in ADFI or F/G
Weather Information for Garden City, 2024
No full textSummary of 2024 weather for research conducted at the research locations included in the 2025 Western Kansas Agricultural Research report
Identifying the Maximum Allowable Soil Moisture Depletion to Enhance Cotton Production Irrigated by Multiple Sprinkler Irrigation Technologies
No full textProper irrigation scheduling is one of the critical fundamentals of successful cotton establishment in arid and semi-arid regions. Soil moisture monitoring could be one of the practical methods to schedule irrigations to optimize cotton growth. However, finding a suitable value of soil moisture that can be used as a trigger point for irrigation initiation during the growing season has remained unsolved. In this study, the profitability of cotton production was considered along with a water conservation perspective to identify this trigger point when monitoring soil moisture. Therefore, field experiments were conducted in 2024 to investigate the cotton response to a particular maximum allowable soil moisture depletion, which could protect cotton final production and result in water resources conservation under various irrigation technologies in western Kansas. The research outputs showed that the highest cotton yield (2682.7 lb/a) was detected when applying irrigation, followed by 50% depletion of available soil moisture, regardless of irrigation technologies. However, applying irrigation followed by an 80% depletion of available soil moisture is recommended when the water supply is highly limited. The irrigation that was triggered by 80% soil moisture depletion resulted in a 20% reduction in cotton production compared to 50% soil moisture depletion conditions under all irrigation technologies (bubbler, sprayer, and MDI’s sprayer). In this study, for the first time, the functionality of the sprayers attached to mobile drip irrigation (MDI) laterals was tested for cotton production. These sprayers are connected to the drip lines to be used for germination purposes and in circumstances where laterals cannot be used. In this growing season, the highest cotton production (2252.7 lb/a) was found to utilize these attached sprayers compared to other irrigation technologies. However, a similar cotton yield (2212.4 lb/a) was found using bubblers as target irrigation technology. Overall, the results of this study could be used as a baseline for producers of cotton in western Kansas, especially when their water is limited, and an acceptable cotton yield is needed
Occasional Tillage in a Wheat-Sorghum-Fallow Rotation
No full textBeginning in 2012, research was conducted near Garden City and Tribune, KS, to determine the effect of a single tillage operation every 3 years on grain yields in a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation. Treatments included no-till, single tillage post wheat harvest in mid-August, and single tillage in mid-June during the fallow phase. This study was revised with the addition of two more intensive tillage treatments since 2019. The two additional treatments were 1) two tillage operations during the fallow phase, and 2) one tillage during fallow phase and one tillage post wheat harvest. Grain yield varied greatly by year and location. Wheat yields ranged across years from mid-20s to 90 bu/a at Tribune and less than 10 to 100 bu/a at Garden City. Grain sorghum yields ranged from 40 to greater than 140 bu/a, depending upon year and location. Drought and hail at Garden City resulted in several years of no harvestable grain sorghum at Garden City. Wheat yields were greater when tillage occurred during the fallow phase at Garden City. There were no differences in wheat yield at Hays or Tribune. Grain sorghum yield was greater in no-till at Tribune. There were no differences in grain sorghum yield at Garden City or Hays. There are some year-by-treatment differences, and treatment differences might be increasing over time. For these reasons, more years of data are needed. Currently, this study supports the hypothesis that if herbicide-resistant weed populations are a challenge, an occasional tillage operation will have little effect on crop yield
Surtain Herbicide Programs for Weed Management in Corn
No full textAll herbicides evaluated provided good control of velvetleaf and Russian thistle at Garden City, and did not differ between treatments. Although slight differences occurred among treatments for kochia control, all herbicides provided at least 90% control early and late in the season. Surtain plus Armezon, atrazine, and glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOST) as well as Surtain applied preemergence (PRE) followed by Armezon Pro, atrazine, and glyphosate postemergence (POST) or Status plus Zidua SC and glyphosate POST were the most effective herbicides for Palmer amaranth and johnsongrass control. At Manhattan, Palmer amaranth control did not differ between treatments at any rating date (98% to 100%). Storen PRE followed by Halex GT was slightly less effective on common sunflower early in the season, but control was nearly complete later in the season. By the end of the season, both Acuron or Storen PRE followed by Halex GT were less effective on entireleaf morningglory at Manhattan. The EPOST treatments of Surtain caused 20% corn necrosis at both locations, but injury did not persist. All herbicides increased yields relative to the untreated controls at both locations, but the difference between treatments only occurred at Garden City