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Editor Thank You to Reviewers for 109(3)
No full textThe editors thank the reviewers of Volume 109, Issue 3
Exploring the unique challenges of social media mining and analysis: A case-study of physical activity-related content on Reddit recovery forums
No full textIntroduction: Recovery from substance use is a lifelong process, and physical activity can serve as a valuable support strategy. People in, or who are seeking, recovery may turn to online forums – including Reddit – to exchange experiences and offer mutual support. Efforts to extract physical activity-related content from these forums may encounter challenges due to ambiguous and metaphorical language inherent to social media, which warrants further consideration.
Objective: This study examines how people discuss physical activity within SUD-recovery subreddits while also highlighting the challenges in extracting content relevant to the topic.
Methods: We used Reddit PRAW, to scrape r/RedditorsInRecovery, r/Addiction, r/OpiatesRecovery, and r/AlcoholicsAnonymous for posts referencing types of physical activity. After allocated N=4946 posts, we used Term-Frequency Inverse Document Frequency to create embeddings with our data, k-means clustering to extract themes within the data, and Word2Vec to identify common word associations.
Results: Our k-means clustering returned an optimum number of 7 clusters, or themes, including themes comprising sober meetings, spirituality, difficulties with withdrawal, and physical activity. A Word2Vec of physical activity related queries yielded few words associated with physical activity, though diverse facets of recovery were expressly mentioned.
Discussion and Conclusion: Our findings illustrate the difficult nature of identifying physical activity content in Reddit recovery spaces due to inconsistent literal and metaphorical language. These challenges can lead to misinterpretations in population health surveillance. Improved tools and analysis strategies can better support research aimed to understand how recovery-supporting behaviors, including physical activity, are discussed and promoted online
Framing Agricultural Narratives: A Content Analysis of Topics and Trends on the U.S. Farm Report (2022-2024)
No full textAgricultural television news serves as a vital channel for information, shaping stakeholder perceptions and public understanding of the agricultural industry. This study utilized content analysis to systematically examine the U.S. Farm Report, a prominent agricultural broadcast, over a 35-month period from February 2022 to December 2024. The research aimed to describe headline topics, airtime allocation, overall content characteristics, and dominant framing elements, as well as identify temporal patterns of change. A systematic random sample of 35 complete episodes was analyzed. Findings revealed that market and economy and crop agriculture were the most frequently discussed topics and demanded the greatest airtime. Content characteristics indicated a strong emphasis on USDA\u27s advancing racial justice, equity, opportunity, and rural prosperity priority, with national headlines and voice-over delivery predominating. Framing analysis showed a majority negative tone and a prevalent focus on economic issues. Producers consistently emerged as the most mentioned actors, beneficiaries, and those facing risks, while health-related aspects and scientists as actors received minimal attention. Temporal analysis highlighted shifts in headline prominence, moving from environment-focused in 2022 to market-economy in 2023, then diversifying in 2024 to include social/community and politics/policy. Airtime emphasis also transitioned from the food industry to market and economy by 2024. These results underscore the program\u27s strong orientation toward economic concerns for its core audience, while also identifying potential areas for broader representation of issues and stakeholders. This research offers valuable insights into how specialized media narratives are constructed, influencing discourse within the dynamic agricultural sector
‘Do not Show Yourself Inferior to Your Ancestors’: Is Doctoral Dress Down Under Distinctive or Derivative?
No full textIn the degrees awarded and in the ceremonial surrounding their conferral, including dress, all four of Australia’s earliest universities followed the models of the universities at ‘home’ in Britain. This article deals with doctorates of two types: what we now call the ‘higher’ doctorates, and the more recent Doctor of Philosophy. Professional doctorates and honorary degrees are noted only tangentially and essentially follow the same principles, though some institutions differentiate these categories as well
2011 Freedom\u27s Frontier - An Introduction to the Flint Hills (selected by Nancy Landon Kassebaum)
No full textEvaluation of Increasing Trypsin Inhibitor on Nursery Pig Growth Performance, Fecal Dry Matter, and Nutrient Digestibility
No full textA total of 360 barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 13.4 ± 0.07 lb) were used in a 42-d growth trial to evaluate the effects of increasing trypsin inhibitor on nursery pig growth performance. At weaning, pigs were randomly assigned to pens with five pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. There were six dietary treatments formulated to provide 1.4, 2.1, 2.8, 3.5, 4.2, and 4.9 trypsin inhibitor units (TIU)/mg of complete feed. Soy flour (76 TIU/mg) was added at the expense of soybean meal (5 TIU/mg) to create the treatment TIU levels. Diet formulation was based on analyzed nutrient values of the soy flour and soybean meal but assumed the same digestibility coefficients for each, which matched that of the soybean meal. Experimental diets were fed in three phases: phase 1 from d 0 to 10, phase 2 from d 10 to 24, and phase 3 from d 24 to 42. Across all three individual dietary phases and overall (d 0 to 42), increasing TIU decreased (linear, P \u3c 0.001) ADG and ADFI and worsened (linear, P \u3c 0.001) F/G. Fecal DM on d 10 increased (linear, P \u3c 0.05; quadratic, P = 0.088) as TIU increased, with the majority of increase in fecal DM tending to be from 3.5 to 4.9 TIU/mg of complete feed. However, there were no differences in fecal DM on d 42. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM decreased then increased (linear, P = 0.001; quadratic, P = 0.003) as TIU increased in the diet, with the lowest ATTD of DM occurring at 4.2 TIU/mg of complete feed. Furthermore, the ATTD of CP decreased (linear, P \u3c 0.001) as the level of TIU/mg of complete feed increased in the diet. In conclusion, these data suggest that increasing dietary TIU above 1.4 TIU/mg of complete feed results in poorer nursery pig growth performance and reduced ATTD of nutrients, although feces were drier on d 10 but not at the end of the study
2012 The Prairie: Its Seasons & Rhythms - Ranching Through the Seasons (selected by Jim Hoy)
No full textEffect of Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine to Crude Protein Ratio on Growth Performance of 100 to 275 lb Pigs
No full textFour experiments were conducted to determine the effect of SID Lys to CP ratio (SID Lys:CP) on growth performance and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 100 to 275 lb pigs. In each experiment, pens of pig were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were eight to 10 pigs per pen and 13 or 14 replications per treatment in each experiment. A total of 621, 663, 624, and 609 pigs were used in Exp. 1 through 4, respectively. The pigs were DNA 600 × 241 and had initial BW of 100.3 ± 1.17 lb, 121.5 ± 1.08 lb, 187.0 ± 1.88 lb, and 228.7 ± 1.34 lb for Exp. 1 to 4, respectively. Pens were mixed gender, and each experiment lasted 21 d. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and formulated to contain 0.94, 0.83, 0.71, and 0.63% SID Lys for Exp. 1 to 4, respectively. Within each experiment, diets provided SID Lys:CP ratios of 85.0, 92.5, 100.0, 107.5, and 115.0% of requirement estimates calculated from NRC (2012). Intermediate SID Lys:CP levels were achieved by blending diets with the lowest and highest SID Lys:CP ratio. Pen weight, number of pigs per pen, and feed delivery were recorded to calculate ADG, ADFI, and F/G. Blood samples were collected on d 14 of each experiment and analyzed for BUN. Dose response curves were evaluated using linear, quadratic polynomial, cubic polynomial, and broken-line linear (BLL) models. In Exp. 1, increasing SID Lys:CP had no effect on final BW and ADG, but it increased (linear, P \u3c 0.001) ADFI and worsened (linear, P \u3c 0.001) F/G. In Exp. 2, increasing SID Lys:CP ratio did not influence final BW, but tended to decrease (linear, P = 0.053) ADG, increase (quadratic, P = 0.025) ADFI, and worsen (linear, P \u3c 0.001) F/G. In Exp. 3, increasing SID Lys:CP ratio decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.046) final BW and ADG, and worsened (linear, P \u3c 0.001) F/G. In Exp. 4, increasing SID Lys:CP had no influence on final BW and ADG, but tended to increase (linear, P = 0.069) ADFI and worsened (linear, P = 0.009) F/G. Across experiments, increasing SID Lys:CP decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.001) nitrogen (N) intake and BUN. The cubic models provided the best fit for Exp. 1, 2 and 4, while the linear model provided the best fit for Exp. 3. In conclusion, increasing SID Lys:CP worsened F/G and decreased BUN in 100 to 275 lb pigs. Based on the local minimum determined using the cubic models, the estimated SID Lys:CP ratios to optimize F/G for pigs weighing 100 to 153 lb, 121 to 172 lb, and 228 to 275 lb were 5.55%, 5.43%, and 5.23%, respectively. For pigs weighing 187 to 238 lb, the requirement was estimated to be below 5.13% based on the linear model. These SID Lys:CP ratios are below NRC (2012) estimates
Effect of Zinc Source Fed at Nutritional Levels on Finishing Pig Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics
No full textA total of 2,363 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 59.3 ± 1.35 lb) were used in a 122-d study to compare the effects of four different Zn sources on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs raised under commercial conditions. Pigs were housed in mixed-sex pens with 26 or 27 pigs per pen and 22 pens per treatment. The four dietary treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and consisted of four Zn sources, all added at 100 mg of Zn/kg of diet. The Zn sources included ZnSO4, two sources of Zn hydroxychloride (source A = Hydroxy Zn, SAM Nutrition, Bloomington, MN; source B = Intellibond Z, Selko, Indianapolis, IN), and a chelated Zn source (B-Traxim 2C Zn-260, Pancosma, Rolle, Switzerland). The Zn source was added to diets in four separate vitamin-trace mineral premixes and was the only source of added Zn in the diet. Corn-soybean meal-DDGS (20% in phases 1 to 3 and none in phase 4) based diets fed in meal form were used in a four-phase feeding program. All diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) requirement estimates within each phase. When the average weight of pigs in the barn was approximately 240 lb, the three heaviest pigs per pen were marketed, with remaining pigs marketed approximately 25 d later. On the last day of the experiment, pigs were weighed, tattooed on a pen basis, and sent to a commercial packing plant to determine carcass yield and characteristics. No differences (P \u3e 0.10) between Zn sources were observed for growth performance, mortality, removals, total removals and mortality, HCW, carcass yield, and loin depth. A marginal Zn source response was observed for backfat depth (P = 0.095) and percentage lean (P = 0.072), mainly driven by pigs fed Zn hydroxychloride source B having numerically higher backfat and lower percentage lean compared to pigs fed all other Zn sources. However, no means separation was observed. In conclusion, the Zn sources used in this experiment did not significantly affect finishing pig growth performance or carcass characteristics, except for a marginal difference between Zn sources for backfat and percentage lean