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Comorbidity of ADHD and Major Depressive Disorder: Exploring Biological and Interpersonal Factors
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This literature review aims to synthesize and contextualize current research in ADHD and MDD across biological and interpersonal factors to assess how the two interplay. This is accomplished by assessing genetic disposition and neurobiological underpinnings alongside parent-child relationships and peer interactions to address interpersonal factors. The main queries used to search for peer-reviewed journal articles were “ADHD and depression” and “childhood ADHD and depression” across four databases: APA PsycARTICLES, PubPsych, PubMed, and MIT Cognet. Findings reveal that genetic factors contributing to hyperactivity and inattention also influence depressive traits. Neuroimaging studies revealed that individuals with ADHD and MDD comorbidity exhibit neurological structural and functional abnormalities. Environmentally, parents of children with ADHD are more likely to have children who develop MDD if they have poor mental health. Additionally, children with ADHD are more likely to be socially rejected by their peers, affecting their self-esteem and thus increasing the likelihood of developing MDD later in life. Understanding how these factors interplay is critical in accurately assessing the biological-environmental conditions of children with ADHD to determine their risk of developing MDD. As a result of these findings, clinicians should be vigilant in screening for depressive symptoms in individuals diagnosed with ADHD to facilitate early intervention, such as psychosocial training and social skills development, to reduce the likelihood of MDD later in life
Do Wheat Grain Yield and Grain Protein Concentration Responses to Nitrogen Rate Depend on Variety-Specific Agronomic Traits?
Get PDFNitrogen (N) management and genotype selection play crucial roles in optimizing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in Kansas. This study evaluated whether wheat cultivars with different agronomic traits would require differential nitrogen management. Eight cultivars were selected to represent high- and low-grain yield stability, above- and below-grain protein deviation for a given yield level, and early and late maturity. These cultivars were exposed to seven nitrogen rates ranging from 0 to 180 pounds of N per acre in seven rainfed locations in Kansas during the 2023–2024 growing season. Results suggested significant N rate by environment interactions and cultivar agronomic trait by environment interactions for grain yield and grain protein concentration. Still, there were no agronomic trait by N rate interactions. Overall, in specific environments, less stable cultivars outyielded more stable cultivars, and early maturity cultivars outyielded late maturity cultivars. These yield advantages were often associated with lower protein concentration. The agronomic trait of grain protein deviation did not result in yield advantages but had higher protein concentrations at all locations. These results emphasize the importance of understanding cultivar traits and their interaction with the environment when making variety selection, and the crop’s overall response to N management as a function of environmental conditions. Still, results suggested no differences in how N should be managed according to a cultivar’s specific agronomic traits
Availability of Physical Facilities and Teachers\u27 Job Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Osun State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study assessed how available physical facilities were in public secondary schools in Osun State. The study also investigated the level of job performance of teachers in the study area. The study further determined the relationship between availability of physical facilities and teachers\u27 job performance in the study area. The design for the study was descriptive survey research design. The study’s population comprised all teachers and principals of public secondary schools in Osun East Senatorial District of the State. The study’s sample comprised 300 teachers and 60 school principals. Two local governments were selected from Ife zone of the district while four local governments were selected from Ilesa zone of the district using proportionate sampling technique. From each of the local governments selected, 10 public secondary schools were selected using simple random sampling technique. From each of the schools selected, five teachers and the school principal were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The instruments were Physical Facilities Availability and Teachers\u27 Job Performance Questionnaire for Principals (PFATJPQP) and Physical Facilities Availability and Teachers\u27 Job Performance Questionnaire for Teachers (PFATJPQT). Data collected were analysed using percentages and Pearson’ Product Moment Correlation. The results showed that physical facilities that were moderate in availability were a staffroom, classrooms with furniture, writing materials, water supply, laboratory and laboratory apparatus, and toilets. The facilities that were found to be unavailable were a library, technical workshops, fire extinguishers, school bus, music studio, and others. The study also revealed that the level of teachers’ job performance was moderate (49.2%). Furthermore, it was found that availability of physical facilities had a significant relationship with teachers’ job performance. The study recommended that more educational facilities should be made available in schools in order to increase teachers’ job performance and commitment
Assessment of Sustainable Pedagogical Orientation and Practices of Secondary School Teachers in Osun State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study investigates secondary school teachers in Osun State, Nigeria, regarding their sustainable pedagogical orientations. The study also examines primary sustainable pedagogical methods used by teachers while also analyzing their difficulties with sustainable teaching implementation. It also examines if gender creates any substantial difference regarding sustainable pedagogical orientations within the secondary school teaching workforce. A descriptive survey research design led to the selection of n=180 senior secondary school teachers from 30 schools located in three Local Government Areas (Olorunda, Oriade, and Ife Central) through a multi-stage sampling procedure. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents with 4-point Likert Scale, validated by a team of test experts, and test-retest procedure was used to conduct the reliability. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analysis the data. The findings reveal that educators understand sustainability effectively but fail to put these ideas into practice because training resources are inadequate and institutions provide weak support along with insufficient funding. The main obstacles teachers face in their planning processes stem from limited time for preparation and restricted access to modern educational resources as well as a poor match between sustainability units and standardized teaching materials. The research established a major disparity between male and female teachers regarding sustainability teaching methods which indicate gender might impact how sustainability functions in education. The research recommends that schools need better training systems together with additional funding and modernized teaching structure to help teachers embed sustainability education throughout their classroom practices
Prioritizing Psychographics: Identifying Target Audience Segments’ Values for Strategic Climate Change Communications
Get PDFClimate change communication poses a challenge for agricultural science communicators as the issue has become increasingly polarized in American society. Currently, the public has varying perceptions of climate change, its surrounding science, and divergent viewpoints of what should be done in response. With climate change’s impacts predicted to become more destructive, those interested in activating public climate support have examined efforts to understand how to most effectively engage the public with climate change messages. Target audiences have been identified as a necessary communication strategy when communicating about controversial topics, such as climate change, that incite strong internal reactions. Scholarship has called for increased attention to personal characteristics such as trust and values that may have stronger influences on message processing than other more commonly measured perceptions such as political ideology and perceived cause of climate change. We identified five strategic target audiences for tailored climate change communication based on survey data measuring participants’ climate change perception, trust in science, trust in media, and political ideology through a K-means cluster analysis. Then, we described the values and demographic profiles of each audience group to provide insight for strategic message development. Because certain values have been positively associated with certain climate behaviors, our results may guide and inform future value-congruent messaging efforts that consider target audience’s values, climate-related perceptions, and demographics. This study establishes a foundation for future experimental message testing research to build upon, which would answer the need for understanding how message characteristics influence target audiences
Why Disciplinary Literacies Belong in the Primary Grades: Reviewing the Research through a Vygotskian Lens
No full textDisciplinary literacy research at the secondary education level is prevalent, with some using sociocultural theory to frame adolescents’ acquisition of disciplinary literacies. Though existing research demonstrates potential benefits of incorporating disciplinary literacies in kindergarten through second grade, extant research at this level is minimal and undertheorized. This article illustrates present and potential connections to Vygotskian perspectives in this literature and offers an expanded theoretical framework for considering this work. Existing research on disciplinary literacies in kindergarten through second grade is analyzed, followed by a discussion of sociocultural practices that are present but undertheorized: using language and literacy as tools for learning, inquiry-based learning, collaborative learning, and disciplinary communities of practice. Then, drawing from tenets of Vygotskian theory, additional sociocultural concepts absent in the current literature are discussed--obuchenie, prolepsis, the social situation of development, and mediated play. Enlarging sociocultural theoretical connections could enhance research designs, methods, analyses, and reported outcomes and support meaningful enrichment of disciplinary literacies teaching and learning in the early grades
The Advocate
No full textThis document shares information about the ATE-K Peer-Reviewed Journal, The Advocate
Philanthropy in Rural America: A Scoping Review of the Last 25 Years
No full textAbstract - Philanthropy in Rural America: A Review of the Last 25 Years
While rural communities consistently hold higher levels of poverty and have lower health outcomes than the rest of the country, we know that persistently only 7% of philanthropic dollars are given to address issues facing rural communities (Smart,et.al. 2023). With 20% of the U.S. population living in rural areas (US Census, 2023), this is not simply a reflection of population differences but indicative of a comparative underinvestment by philanthropy. With the rural nonprofit sector playing a critical role in meeting community needs, providing safety net systems, and filling the gaps between government services and for-profit entities, it is imperative we learn more about how the nonprofit sector in rural communities is working and the ways in which philanthropy, when correctly applied, can impact lives within these areas. While ample research and literature exist on the nonprofit sector as a whole and on the nature of rural America, the literature specifically covering the rural nonprofit sector is lacking. To better understand the current state of rural philanthropy research, a scoping review was conducted February through November 2024. This review found that there is a significant lack of literature regarding philanthropy in rural America. Those articles that were reviewed looked at obstacles rural nonprofits face and suggestions for philanthropists when engaging in rural nonprofit funding; however data and case studies on success or failures of rural philanthropy are missing from the literature as well as additional information and data on how rural nonprofits currently sustain themselves through changing economic and demographic landscapes. This article seeks to serve as an analysis of existing literature and to identify potential areas of additional research
Bridging the Byline: Authorship Considerations for Publishing in Peer-Reviewed Journals
No full textTeam science is essential for publishing in peer-reviewed journals and advancing health behavior research. As such, it is important to demystify considerations for authorship and co-authorship in terms of inclusion, order, expectations, and transparent communication. Authorship disagreements are a common source of conflict within writing teams and, if not addressed appropriately, can threaten trust and future collaborations. This commentary introduces a four-step framework for navigating authorship decisions with forethought, transparency, and fairness. The framework aims to reduce misunderstandings, strengthen teamwork, and foster the development of early-career researchers. Developing competence in authorship negotiation is an essential skill for all researchers. For trainees, this framework offers guidance for approaching authorship within collaborative projects, while for mentors, it serves as a practical tool for modeling and teaching best practices
Mapping the Path to Functional Food Acceptance: A Framework Based on the Value-Attitude-Behavior Model and Theory of Planned Behavior
No full textResearch on functional foods has expanded rapidly, yet findings on what drives consumer acceptance remain fragmented. To synthesize and organize the most common predictors of functional food acceptance and propose a unified, theory-driven framework, we conducted a review of reviews that built upon our prior scoping review and incorporated two additional reviews published through 2025. We then conducted a secondary-level synthesis of the primary studies cited within these reviews to refine construct definitions and strengthen the evidence base. Seven factors, grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Value–Attitude–Behavior model, were identified as key influences on consumer acceptance of functional foods: knowledge, value, health consciousness, subjective norm, self-efficacy, attitude, and purchase intention. The proposed conceptual framework serves as a roadmap for both research and practice, illustrating the key factors and the relationships among them that shape consumer acceptance. By applying this framework, researchers and industry professionals can enhance consumer perceptions of food health innovations, increase purchase intentions, and ultimately contribute to improved public health. In addition to these seven factors, product characteristics and consumers’ socio-demographic attributes should also be considered when evaluating acceptance of different types of functional food products