Engineering Conferences International

Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Rydzik, Anna

Weidner, Julie

Czechtizky, Werngard

Olsson, Henric

Gnerlich, Felix

Vollmer, Stefan

Garreau, Marion

Ax, Elisabeth

Holmila, Reetta

Kolosionek, Ewa

UPTAKE OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ANTAGOMIRS BY LUNG RELEVANT CELL SYSTEMS 
 
Anna Rydzik, AstraZeneca, Sweden 
anna.rydzik@astrazeneca.com 
Julie Weidner, AstraZeneca, Sweden 
Ewa Kolosionek, AstraZeneca, Sweden 
Reetta Holmila, AstraZeneca, Sweden 
Elisabeth Ax, AstraZeneca, Sweden 
Marion Garreau, AstraZeneca, Sweden 
Stefan Vollmer, AstraZeneca, Sweden 
Felix Gnerlich, AstraZeneca, Sweden 
Henric Olsson, AstraZeneca, Sweden 
Werngard Czechtizky, AstraZeneca, Sweden 
 
 
Key Words: microRNA, miR-34a, antagomirs, air-liquid interface culture, lung epithelium 
 
The microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of regulatory non-coding RNAs, playing key roles in diverse biological 
processes, including pulmonary disfunctions. Dysregulation of miRNA levels in disease leads to aberrant 
downstream effects and offers an emerging area for therapeutic intervention. In particular, we are interested in 
blocking function of upregulated miRNA by short oligonucleotides – antagomirs.  
 
miR34a has gained attention within respiratory field, as it has been reported to play a role in pulmonary fibrosis, 
lung injury and oxidative stress responses. We have investigated a set of antagomirs targeted at miR34a. 
Compounds differ in internal chemistry design, length and conjugation. We report free uptake and target 
engagement of antagomirs on lung epithelial cell line, primary human bronchial epithelial cells and also cells 
cultured in air-liquid interface (ALI). Results demonstrate how chemical modification can affect properties of 
synthetic miRNA modulators. This work lays ground for the synthesis of tool antagomirs for in vitro target 
validation in advanced cell model systems relevant to respiratory disease.  
 
 
.  
 


English

Uptake of chemically modified antagomirs by lung relevant cell systems

Kulkarni, Jay

LNP STRUCTURE 
 
Jay Kulkarni, Nanovation Therapeutics, Canada 


LNP Structure

Smith, Pete

RECENT DISCOVERIES IN EXTRAHEPATIC DELIVERY OF RNA CARGOES 
 
Pete Smith, ReNegade, USA 
 


German

Recent Discoveries in ExtraHepatic Delivery of RNA Cargoes

Johansson, Johanna M.

Du Rietz, Hampus

Hedlund, Hampus

Blenke, Erik Oude .

Harun, Said

Lindfors, Lennart .

Wittrup, Anders

VISUALIZATION OF LIPID NANOPARTICLE DISINTEGRATION AND LOCALIZED ENDOSOMAL 
MEMBRANE DAMAGE 
 
Johanna M. Johansson, Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Oncology, Lund, Sweden. 
johanna.johansson@med.lu.se 
Hampus Du Rietz, Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Oncology, Lund, Sweden. 
Hampus Hedlund, Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Oncology, Lund, Sweden. 
Erik Oude Blenke, Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 
Sweden. 
Said Harun, Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden. 
Lennart Lindfors, Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden. 
Anders Wittrup, Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Oncology, Lund, Sweden. Skane 
University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. 
 
 
Key Words: Endosomal escape, lipid nanoparticles, super-resolution microscopy 
 
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are an effective delivery platform for RNA therapeutics. However, poor endosomal 
escape remains one of the key rate-limiting steps that reduces the overall efficiency and restricts targetable 
tissues for this promising therapeutic class. The mechanism for LNP-mediated membrane destabilization and 
endosomal release is poorly understood. Here, we set out to study the dynamics of LNP disintegration and its 
relationship to endosomal membrane damage and cytosolic delivery, in living cells. Using super-resolution 
imaging, we demonstrate that both siRNA and mRNA containing LNPs disintegrate within the lumen of 
endosomes during endosomal maturation. Interestingly, we observe that LNP disintegration in late endosomes 
differs for LNP-siRNA and LNP-mRNA with the siRNA cargo homogenously filling the endosomal lumen while 
the mRNA cargo remains partly condensed. Furthermore, using LNPs containing both fluorescently labeled 
ionizable lipid (MC3) and siRNA, we show that the RNA cargo and the ionizable lipid segregates during 
endosomal sorting, both to different endosomal compartments and within single endosomes. Finally, we used 
fluorescently labeled endosomal membrane damage marker galectin-9 to characterize LNP-triggered membrane 
destabilization at the sub-endosomal level. We demonstrate localized membrane damage, marked by 
recruitment of galectin-9, in the direct proximity to LNP-siRNAs within the endosomal lumen. Additionally, we 
have used endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) components as novel endosomal 
membrane damage markers to characterize the LNP-associated membrane destabilization further. To conclude, 
we present a detailed view of LNP disintegration and endosomal membrane damage, providing new insights 
into the mechanism of endosomal escape of LNP-delivered RNA therapeutics.  
 


Visualization of lipid nanoparticle disintegration and localized endosomal membrane damage

Schmidt, Daniel

Berthé, Vincent

ADAPTING NEW MATERIALS FOR SLS: A CASE STUDY 
 
Vincent Berthé, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, rue Bommel | L-4940 Hautcharage; 
Luxembourg 
vincent.berthe@list.lu  
Daniel F. Schmidt, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5, rue Bommel | L-4940 
Hautcharage; Luxembourg  
 
 
Key Words: Selective laser sintering, high melting point, polymer, screening 
 
Selective laser sintering (SLS), a.k.a. powder bed fusion, is a unique 3D printing technology. Objects are 
created by selective laser irradiation of successive layers of powders of semi-crystalline thermoplastics or 
thermoplastic-elastomers in a heated chamber in order to sinter them together [1-2]. SLS has the potential to 
produce high quality parts for end-use, but industrial uptake has been slow.  ~80% of the SLS market is 
dominated by polyamide 12 (PA 12), and alternatives remain scarce, especially when it comes to high melting 
point thermoplastics (Tm ~ 220- 260 °C). To facilitate the adoption of new materials formulations in the context of 
SLS printing, a rapid, reliable and efficient procedure is needed [3-4]. 
 
In this talk, the essential materials requirements for SLS will be introduced, with a focus on melt-processing 
characteristics and powder flow. This includes an investigation of both bulk (melting / crystallization behavior, 
melt rheology) and powder (particle morphology and flowability) properties. Then, the development of a new 
high melting point SLS formulation will be described. The selection of thermal characteristics and the 
optimization of powder characteristics (size, shape, flow properties) are related to SLS process conditions. A 
small but representative benchtop SLS CO2 laser printer is used to assess the process window while consuming 
a limited quantity of materials (~ 50 g per layer), and the microstructure, tensile properties and fatigue behavior 
of printed parts are reviewed in comparison with those of two commercial references: PA 12, the most widely 
used SLS raw material (Tm ~ 185°C), and PA 6, a newcomer to SLS with an elevated melting point (Tm ~ 
220°C). The work described here can be used as a guide for the effective screening and development of new 
materials for SLS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[1] M. Schmid, A. Amado, K. Wegener, Materials perspective of polymers for additive manufacturing with 
selective laser sintering, Journal of Materials Research 29 (2014) 1824-1832. 
[2] A. B. Spierings, M. Voegtlin, T. Bauer, and K. Wegener, Powder flowability characterisation methodology for 
powder-bed-based metal additive manufacturing, Progress in Additive Manufacturing, 1 (2016) 9-20. 
[3] M. Schmid, R. Kleijnen, M. Vetterli, K. Wegener, Influence of the Origin of Polyamide 12 Powder on the 
Laser Sintering Process and Laser Sintered Parts, Applied Sciences 7 (2017) 462-477. 
[4] L. Verbelen, S. Dadbakhsh, M. Van den Eynde, J.P. Kruth, B. Goderis, P. Van Puyvelde, Characterization of 
polyamide powders for determination of laser sintering processability, European Polymer Journal, 75, (2016) 
163-174. 
[5] A. Neveu, F. Francqui, G. Lumay, Measuring powder flow properties in a rotating drum, Measurement, 200, 
(2022) 111548-111556. 
Figure 1 – (left) GranuDrum analyzes powder flowability in a rotating drum at different speeds (at ambient 
temperatures). (right) dynamic cohesive [5] index of the various powders with and without flowing additives. 


Adapting new materials for SLS: A case study

Wimmer, Madeline

Compton, Brett

KINETIC MODELING OF CURE BEHAVIOR TO ENABLE SIMULATION OF MATERIAL EXTRUSION AM OF 
REACTIVE THERMOSET POLYMERS 
 
Madeline Wimmer, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 
mwimmer1@vols.utk.edu 
Brett Compton, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 
 
Key Words:  Material extrusion, cure kinetics, numerical simulation, thermoset polymer, thermal management 
 
Recent developments in large-scale material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) have enabled 
industrial adoption of the technology, allowing for the rapid, efficient production of tooling and molds used in 
conventional manufacturing processes. In many cases, it would be highly desirable for such printed molds to be 
usable in an autoclave environment, where process temperatures often approach 200°C. This has driven 
development of large-scale AM towards high temperature thermoplastics and, more recently, reactive thermoset 
polymers.  
 
In MEX AM of thermoplastics, the serial deposition of molten material requires a massive heated extruder motor 
and leads to a highly variable heat flow and thermal history resulting in complex thermal residual stresses and 
associated warping [1]. Conversely, for reactive thermoset materials – where two distinct liquid components are 
mixed immediately before deposition to initiate the crosslinking reaction – the material is extruded at room 
temperature using a lightweight deposition head. Although deposition occurs at room temperature, the 
crosslinking reaction is exothermic, and the kinetics of the reaction depend on both time and temperature. This 
also leads to a scenario with complex heat flow and temperature evolution in the printed part that can have 
significant implications for the success of the printing process for any given geometry. For example, depositing 
material too quickly could lead to failures such as instability and collapse of the part before the reaction has 
proceeded enough to stiffen the material or in thermal runaway, where the high rate of reaction increases the 
temperature of the system, further increasing the rate of reaction, leading to thermal degradation of the material 
and risk of fire. Conversely, depositing material too slowly can lead to excessive warping of the part and, 
potentially, poor layer-to-layer bonding, as frequently seen in large-scale thermoplastic AM [2].  
 
To enable effective process control, path planning, and better 
design of materials and methods for large-scale thermoset AM, a 
detailed understanding of the reaction kinetics for any candidate 
material system is needed to predict and account for the heat 
generation and cure progression during printing. This work 
investigates the reactive thermoset system comprising Epon 826 
epoxy resin cured with bis (para-aminocyclohexyl) methane 
(PACM) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods 
and a model-free approach to determine the kinetic parameters 
for the reaction. The kinetic parameters are incorporated into a 
1-D numerical heat transfer model to simulate the serial 
deposition of an AM process. In parallel, small-scale printing 
tests of the same material system will be presented and 
temperature measurements using a thermal camera will be 
compared to model predictions (Figure 1). The numerical model 
provides good matching with experimental measurements. The talk will conclude with a discussion of the unique 
features of material extrusion AM of reactive thermosets uncovered by experiments and modeling, as well as a 
brief discussion of next steps and opportunities. 
 
References: 
 
[1] B.G. Compton, B.K. Post, C.E. Duty, L. Love, V. Kunc, Thermal analysis of additive manufacturing of 
large-scale thermoplastic polymer composites, Addit Manuf. 17 (2017) 77–86. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2017.07.006. 
[2] S.K. Romberg, C.J. Hershey, J.M. Lindahl, W.G. Carter, J. Condon, V. Kunc, B.G. Compton, Large-
scale reactive thermoset printing: Complex interactions between temperature evolution, viscosity, and cure 
shrinkage, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 123 (2022) 3079–3094. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10380-3. 
Figure 1 – Comparison of experimental 
and simulated temperatures for the 15th 
layer of a 100 x 10 x 50 mm printed wall.  


Kinetic modeling of cure behavior to enable simulation of material extrusion AM of reactive thermoset polymers

Gupta, Nikhil

Eastwood, Eric

Gladysz, Gary

Engineering Conferences International 
ECI Digital Archives 
Innovative Materials & Methods for Additive 
Manufacturing II (IM²AM) Proceedings 
1-8-2024 
24 conference program - Innovative Materials & Methods for 
Additive Manufacturing II (IM²AM) 
Daniel Schmidt 
Nikhil Gupta 
Eric Eastwood 
Brett Compton 
Gary Gladysz 
Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.engconfintl.org/imam_ii 
Program  
 
Innovative Materials & Methods for 
Additive Manufacturing II (IM²AM)  
January 8 – 13, 2024 
Tomar, Portugal 
 
Conference Chairs: 
 
Daniel Schmidt, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 
Nikhil Gupta, New York University 
Eric Eastwood, KCNSC/Honeywell FM&T 
Brett Compton, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 
Gary Gladysz, Los Alamos National Laboratory 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Engineering Conferences International 
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New York, NY 10017, USA 
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T: +351-249-310-100 
www.hoteldostemplarios.com 
 
Engineering Conferences International (ECI) is a not-for-profit global engineering conferences 
program, originally established in 1962, that provides opportunities for the exploration of 
problems and issues of concern to engineers and scientists from many disciplines.  
 
 
 
 
ECI BOARD MEMBERS 
 
 
Eugene Schaefer, Chairman 
Mike Betenbaugh 
Joye Bramble 
Barry C. Buckland 
Nick Clesceri 
Chetan Goudar 
Peter Gray 
Michael King 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chair of ECI Conferences Committee: Nick Clesceri 
 
ECI Technical Liaison for this conference: Gary Gladysz 
 
 
 
ECI Executive Director: Barbara K. Hickernell 
 
ECI Associate Director: Kevin M. Korpics 
 
ECI Conferences Manager: Tressa D’Ottavio 
 
ECI Registrar:  Kathy Chan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
©Engineering Conferences International 
Steering Committee 
 
John Bernardin, Los Alamos National Laboratory 
Pedro Cortes, Youngstown State University 
Eric MacDonald, University of Texas- El Paso 
Prof Keng Hsu, Arizona State University 
Mika Salmi, Aalto University 
Christian Leinenbach, Empa 
Rachel Collino, Los Alamos National Laboratory 
Previous conferences in this series: 
 
 
Innovative Materials For Additive Manufacturing (IMAM) 
March 8 – 12, 2020 
Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico 
Conference Chairs: 
Daniel Schmidt, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology 
Nikhil Gupta, New York University 
Chua Chee Kai, NTU, Singapore 
Brett G. Compton, University of Tennessee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Monday, January 8, 2024 
 
17:00 – 18:30  Open check-in 
 
18:00 – 19:30  Welcome reception (with music) 
 
19:30 – 21:30  Dinner 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES 
 
• Audio, still photo and video recording by any device (e.g., cameras, cell phones, laptops, 
watches) is strictly prohibited during the technical sessions, unless the author and ECI have 
granted prior permission.  
• Speakers – Please have your presentation loaded onto the conference computer prior to the 
session start (preferably the day before).   
 
• Speakers – Please leave at least 3 minutes for questions.  
 
• Please do not smoke at any conference functions. 
 
• Coffee breaks and social hours are in the Lobby Bar area 
 
• Turn your cellular telephones to vibrate or off during technical sessions. 
 
• After the conference, ECI will send an updated participant list to all participants. Please check 
your listing now and if it needs updating, you may correct it at any time by logging into your ECI 
account. 
 
 
 
  
Tuesday, January 9, 2024 
 
07:30 – 08:45  Breakfast Buffet 
 
Session 1 
 
08:45 – 09:30 Invited 
Tailor made polymeric feedstocks for additive manufacturing using 
polymer science principles 
Mark Dadmun, University of Tennessee, USA 
 
09:30 – 10:00 Conformal and custom radiation shielding composites for human extremity 
protection enabled by non-planar additive manufacturing 
Nicholas Baumann, Los Alamos National Laboratories, USA 
 
10:00 – 10:30 Comparison of HDPE manufactured via compression molding versus 
selective laser sintering 
Joseph Torres, Los Alamos National Laboratories, USA 
 
10:30 – 11:00  Coffee Break 
 
   Session 2 
 
11:00 – 11:45 Invited 
3D-printing liquid crystal polymers to replicate the anisotropic complexity 
of wood 
Kunal Masania, TU Delft, Netherlands 
 
11:45 – 12:15 Invited 
The development of high temperature organic materials for SLS at Sandia 
National Laboratories 
C. Garrett Campbell, Sandia National Laboratories, USA 
 
12:15 – 12:45 Direct ink writing of custom UV curable rubbers with radiation absorbing 
particles and its challenges 
Jacob Mingear, Los Alamos National Laboratories, USA 
 
12:45 – 13:15 Kinetic modeling of cure behavior to enable simulation of material 
extrusion AM of reactive thermoset polymers 
 Madeline Wimmer, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA 
 
13:15 – 14:30  Lunch Buffet 
 
14:30 – 16:30  Networking 
 
16:30 – 17:00  Afternoon Coffee 
 
   Session 3 
 
17:00 – 17:45 Invited 
 Novel rheological measurements to understand structural stability of DIW-
printed epoxy composites during thermal curing 
Stian Romberg, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA 
 
17:45 – 18:15 Enabling digital manufacturing cyber-physical system for future 
manufacturing 
Nikhil Gupta, New York University, USA 
Tuesday, January 9, 2024 (continued) 
 
18:15 – 18:45 The thermoresponsive character of biopolymers and its impact on the 
scaffold performance in 3D bioprinting 
Tijana Kavrakova, Ecole Centrale Nantes, France 
 
18:45 – 19:15 Invited 
Additive manufacturing of elastomer, ceramic and metal multi-functional 
structures 
Eric MacDonald, UTEP, USA 
 
19:30 – 21:30  Dinner followed by Social Hour in Lobby Bar area 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Wednesday, January 10, 2024 
 
07:30 – 08:45  Breakfast Buffet 
 
Session 4 
 
08:45 – 09:30 Invited 
Focus on some peculiar behaviors of polymers in the context of additive 
manufacturing processes 
René Fulchiron, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France 
 
09:30 – 10:00  3D and 4D printing of polypropylene having different content of copolymer 
Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 
Luxembourg 
 
10:00 – 10:30 Understanding AM feedstock recyclability using small angle X-ray 
scattering 
Samantha Talley, Honeywell FM&T, USA 
 
10:30 – 11:00  Coffee Break 
 
   Session 5 
 
11:00 – 11:45  Invited 
4D printing of hybrid materials with material extrusion method 
Mika Salmi, Aalto University, Finland 
 
11:45 – 12:30  Invited 
Material extrusion additive manufacturing of thermoset-based short fiber 
composites 
Brett Compton, University of Tennessee Knoxville, USA 
 
12:30 – 13:30  Lunch Buffet 
 
13:55   Meet at hotel entrance for excursion   
 
14:00 – 18:00  Excursion – Guided walking Tour of Covento de Cristo  
 
Situated in the geographic center of Portugal, Tomar  was founded by the 
notorious Knights Templar in 1160. The Templars were part monks, part warriors 
and plotted crusades from Tomar for centuries. They established the beginnings 
of the Convento de Cristo, Tomar’s most famous landmark, on a hill overlooking 
town. The Convento combines architectural styles from the 12th through 17th 
centuries. An ornate octagonal canopy protects the high altar of the Templo dos 
Templares, modeled after the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and the grounds of 
the convent contain eight cloisters embracing a variety of styles. 
 
18:00   Dinner on your own 
 
  
Thursday, January 11, 2024 
 
07:30 – 08:45  Breakfast Buffet 
 
Session 6 
 
08:45 – 09:30  Invited 
Directed assembly of ceramic particle microstructures to realize emergent 
mechanical and thermal properties 
Randy Erb, Northeastern University, USA 
 
09:30 – 10:00 Binder jet additive manufacturing of functional 4D components from 
NiMnGa magnetic shape memory alloy powders 
C. Virgil Solomon, Youngstown State University, USA 
 
10:00 – 10:30  Lunar regolith as a feedstock for selective laser melting 
Joris Kadok, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg 
 
10:30 – 11:00  Coffee Break 
 
   Session 7 
 
11:00 – 11:45  Invited 
3D/4D printing of high-performance nanocomposites and AI/ML strategies 
Rigoberto Advincula, University of Tennessee, USA 
 
11:45 – 12:15 Mapping the light scattering distribution in a three-phase photopolymer 
resin system to predict cured dimensions 
Darshil Shah, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA 
 
12:15 – 12:45 Anchoring-based control of dissimilar material interface for multi-material 
laser direct energy deposition 
Wookjin Lee, Pusan National University, South Korea 
 
12:45 – 13:15 Phase evolution and high temperature compressive strength of Ti-based 
alloy developed by micro-plasma powder additive manufacturing 
Pradyumn Kumar Arya, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India 
 
13:15 – 14:30  Lunch Buffet 
 
14:30 – 17:00  Networking 
 
17:00 – 17:45  Afternoon Coffee Break 
 
17:45 – 18:45  Brief Poster Talks and Discussion 
 
CNT-free ESD DIW silicone development - Mechanical & dissipative 
response 
Luke Urry, AWE, United Kingdom 
 
Optimisation of pre-print processing and thermal treatment of DIW printed 
silicone pads  
Gabrielle Davies, AWE, United Kingdom  
 
 
 
 
Thursday, January 11, 2024 (continued) 
 
Utilizing small angle X-ray scattering to understand material failures and 
improve material lifetime  
Bethany Wilburn, Kansas City National Security Campus - Department of Energy 
(KCNSC), USA  
 
19:30 – 21:30  Dinner followed by Social Hour 
 
  
Friday, January 12, 2024 
 
07:30 – 08:45  Breakfast Buffet 
 
Session 8 
 
08:45 – 09:30  Invited 
Additive manufacturing of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys 
Christian Leinenbach, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science 
and Technology, Switzerland 
 
09:30 – 10:00 From pre-ceramic polymer to high-toughness ceramic: An SLA 3D printing 
approach 
Hamidreza Yazdani Sarvestani, National Research Council Canada, Canada 
 
10:00 – 10:30  Multipurpose ABS composites for fused filament fabrication 
Shelbie Legett, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA 
 
10:30 – 11:00  Coffee Break 
 
   Session 9 
 
11:00 – 11:45  Invited 
Field-assisted assembly and printing of functional composites 
Matthew Begley, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA 
 
11:45 – 12:15  3D printed ceramics structures - Challenges and applications 
Pedro Cortes, Youngstown State University, USA 
 
12:15 – 12:45 Enhanced thermal conductivity and fracture toughness in additive 
manufacturing through graphene-diamond composites 
Shani Ligati Schleifer, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel 
 
12:45 – 13:15 Effect of Co-content on microstructure and phases of laser additive 
manufactured Cox(CrNi)100-x alloy 
Poonam Deshmukh, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India 
 
13:15 – 13:45 Tensile, fracture, and damage resistance characterization of 3D printed 
PLA with Morse code architectures 
Deepesh Yadav, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India 
 
13:45 – 15:00  Lunch 
 
15:00 – 16:30  Networking 
 
16:30 – 17:00  Afternoon Coffee Break 
  
   Session 10 
 
17:00 – 17:45  Invited 
Multi-material printing of thermoplastic and highly filled resin materials 
Christopher Hansen, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA 
 
17:45 – 18:15 Nanostructuring of an additively manufactured CoCrFeNi multi-principal 
element alloy using severe plastic deformation 
Kamilla Mukhtarova, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary 
 
Friday, January 12, 2024 (continued) 
 
18:15 – 18:45  Adapting new materials for SLS: A case study 
Daniel Schmidt, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 
Luxembourg 
 
18:45 – 19:15 Additive manufacturing of anisotropic graphene-based composites for 
thermal management applications 
Oren Regev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel 
 
19:45 – 21:30  Banquet followed by Social Hour 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Saturday, January 13, 2024 
 
07:30 – 09:00  Breakfast  
 
09:00 – 10:00  Conference Summary 
 
10:00 – 11:30  IM²AM III Conference Planning 
 
12:00   Lunch and departures 
 


24 conference program - Innovative Materials & Methods for Additive Manufacturing II (IM²AM)

Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstrac

Planchestainer, Matteo

Briat, Corentin

Jaques, Colin

Villiger, Thomas K.

  
MACHINE LEARNING DRIVEN (BIO)PROCESS EXPLORATION 
 
Matteo Planchestainer, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland 
matteo.planchestainer@fhnw.ch 
Corentin Briat, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland 
Colin Jaques, Lonza Biologics plc, Slough, UK 
Thomas K. Villiger, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland 
 
 
Key Words: Machine Learning, Bioprocess, Biomanufacturing, Continuous process, Antibody   
 
The optimization of bioproduction for biological Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), for example 
monoclonal antibodies (mABs), relies on raffinate bioprocess methodologies. Given the intricate nature of 
biological systems, the emergence of high-throughput technologies, and the vast array of parameters dictating 
these processes, the quest for optimization has ascended to unprecedented complexity. Within this picture, the 
application of artificial intelligence (AI) tools presents a compelling pathway towards navigating the vast design 
space, facilitating the development effort. 
 
Perfusion bioprocesses involve the continuous flow of nutrients and removal of waste within a bioreactor. Once 
the system reaches a stable state, known as "steady state," after an initial adaptation period, it can be 
maintained for several days. This steady state can be repeatedly perturbed to generate new steady states for 
evaluation. When paired with middle-throughput systems such as the Ambr® 250 system (Sartorius), this 
approach offers an ideal platform for iteratively investigating a wide range of experimental conditions within a 
single experimental campaign. 
 
The aim is to explore the potential of perfusion bioprocesses, aided by machine learning (ML) methodologies, as 
a continuous optimization of biomanufacturing processes. This automated framework relies on the aggregation 
and synchronization of process data generated from the bioreactor (e.g., pH, dissolved oxygen) and off-line 
analytical measurements (e.g., titer, product quality). These datasets are then leveraged by a computational 
model to iteratively refine pivotal process parameters (e.g., perfusion rate, media composition, etc.) with the aim 
of achieving a novel steady state. This iterative, stepwise refinement process, propelled by ML algorithms, is 
designed to orchestrate process optimization in a fully autonomous manner. 
 
 


Machine Learning Driven (bio)process Exploration

Matsushita, Moe

Kawase, Takuo .

PRACTICAL PROCESS VALIDATION APPROACH FOR CONTINUOUS BIO MANUFACTURING 
 
Moe Matsushita, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 
matsushita.moe11@chugai-pharm.co.jp 
Takuo Kawase, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 
 
 
Key Words: Process validation approach, Continuous purification, Site independent study, Scale down model 
 
The guideline and white paper such as ICH Q13 and N-mAb case study provide a general approach and 
considerations of process validation for continuous manufacturing, but its interpretation and specific 
methodologies are left to the discretion of each bio manufacturer. We have been working on putting the 
validation approach of the integrated continuous purification process into practice. The continuous purification 
process is basically composed of connected batch unit operations. So we evaluated applying the same 
validation package to the continuous purification process as usually performed in the batch process based on 
the Quality by Design approach.  
 
Almost all the process validation studies in batch process are carried out with scale down model (SDM). But in 
continuous process, it is difficult to develop a SDM reflecting all the factors specific to continuous purification 
process, e.g., residence time distribution and input variability. We considered that developing a reasonable SDM 
for each unit operation could be a key to apply the same data package as in batch process. We will explain why 
the individual SDM and homogeneous input sample can be used for process design studies instead of 
regenerating a connected process in SDM.  
 
On the other hand, the verification of scale differences in input variability, qualification of SDM, and site-
dependent studies are largely affected by factors specific to continuous purification. It is also important to devise 
how to perform these continuous purification specific studies.  
 
In this presentation we would like to share and discuss our practical approaches of both site-dependent and 
site-independent validation studies for the integrated continuous purification process using a model antibody.  
 
 
 


Practical process validation approach for continuous bio manufacturing

Bossange, Ethan

Shultz, Joseph

Cui, Huanchun

Grube, Andy

10X IN THREE MONTHS, THE POWER OF HIGH-DENSITY PERFUSED BATCH IN SCALE DOWN MODELS 
 
Ethan Bossange, National Resilience Inc., Boston, USA 
Ethan.Bossange@Resilience.com 
Joseph Shultz, National Resilience Inc., Boston, USA 
Andy Grube, National Resilience Inc., Boston, USA 
Huanchun Cui, National Resilience Inc., Boston, USA 
 
 
Key Words: High-Density Perfused Batch, Transition fed-batch to continuous, Ambr© 250 perfusion, High 
throughput screening, Perfusion media 
 
One of process development’s biggest challenges is enabling cost effective commercialization while clinical 
trials are ongoing. Continuous manufacturing offers a solution being flexible, reconfigurable, and having 
significantly lower cost of goods. However, the complexity of fully continuous biomanufacturing often brings 
lengthy development cycles, complicated control strategies, and new risks. High-density perfused batch (HDPB) 
offers simplicity with a careful balance between speed to clinic, productivity gains, and risk mitigation. In this 
case study, we transitioned a biologics process in early clinical trials from fed-batch to continuous operation 
while maintaining or improving upon product quality attributes, and therefore minimizing regulatory risks. We 
improved the bioreactor volumetric productivity by roughly ten times by increasing media depth, optimizing 
process parameters, and developing process specific media supplements. During these experiments, PAT tools 
were further developed for real time process monitoring and potential control. All of this was achieved in under 
three months by utilizing high throughout tools like the Ambr250 and automated deep well plate workflows. The 
successful completion of this development cycle left us wondering: Why not 10x in one month? 
 


10x in Three Months, the Power of High-density Perfused Batch in Scale down Models

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