California Western School of Law

Edwards, Kelly M.

English

Unterwester: Choice Not Chance in Forum Clauses

Lefler, John M.

Federal Venue For Aliens: The Presumption of Nonresidency

Turack, Daniel C.

Freedom of Movement and the Travel Document

Wallace, Paul Harvey

Sovereign Immunity Made Easy: Curbing Litigation With Advisory Opinions

International Law Journal, California Western

CALIFORNIA WESTERN
INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL
VOLUME 4 WINTER 1973 NUMBER 1
CONTENTS
ARTICLES
Internationalization of Law to Meet Needs of
Internationalization of Life Charles S. Rhyne ...............
The President of the World Peace Through Law Center pre-
sents his view of the accomplishments of the Abidjan World Con-
ference on World Peace Through Law. The author discusses sev-
eral Conference resolutions involving such issues as Detente, Uni-
versal Human Rights, Model Laws, and War.
Freedom of Movement and the Travel Document
Daniel C. Turack 8
The relaxation of passport requirements evidenced by multi-
lateral and bilateral agreements points up the trend of international
recognition of the right to travel. Recognizing that international
mobility is limited by domestic national policies, the author surveys
the current status of travel document requirements prevalent in
Europe and the Scandinavian countries.
Permanence of Powers: Commission of the
European Communities v. France
Peter N. Brush -- - 43
Of the three European Communities, Euratom and its sub-
sidiary institution, the Supply Agency, are the least understood.
Commission of the European Communities v. France presents a
dramatic advance for the proposition that Europe is moving toward
a federal system in which power is to be exercised by the European
Communities. Analyzing the recent decision by the European
Court of Justice, the author traces the history and evolution of
Euratom to its present status of permanence.
Spitzbergen: Jurisdictional Friction over Unexploited
Oil Reserves J. Peter A. Bernhardt .. 61
As a concomitant of the Versailles Peace Settlement discus-
sions, the United States, Norway, and several other countries en-
tered into a treaty which dealt in part with the right of the High
Contracting Parties to exploit the mineral reserves of the Archi-
pelago of Spitzbergen. Given the world energy crisis and the
petroleum reserves on the continental shelf of Spitzbergen, the
author presents an in-depth evaluation of the United States' rights
under this treaty.
1
International Law Journal: Table of Contents
Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 1973
CALIFORNIA WESTERN SCHOOL OF LAW
UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
WILLIAM C. RUST, B.A., Ph.D., LL.D., University President,
Professor of Philosophy
ROBERT K. CASTETTER, B.A., J.D., LL.M., LL.D., Dean, School
of Law, Professor of Law
JOHN S. BRADWAY, A.B., LL.B., M.A., LL.D., Professor of Law,
Emeritus
WILLIAM E. BURBY, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law
SAMUEL M. CHAPIN, LL.B., Professor of Law, Emeritus
*THOMAS A. COYNE, A.B., M.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law
STUART L. DOUGHERTY, A.B., J.D., Lecturer in Law
WILLIAM N. FIELDEN, B.A., J.D., Assistant to the Dean
HON. CHARLES W. FROEHLICH, JR., A.B., J.D., Lecturer in Law
GEORGE N. GAFFORD, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law
MURRAY L. GALINSON, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law
S. HOUSTON LAY, A.B., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law
JAMES E. LEAHY, J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law
LAWRENCE D. LEE, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law
JOHN M. LINDSEY, B.S., M.S., J.D., Professor of Law, Law Librarian
ROBERT G. MEINERS, A.B., J.D., LL.M. Professor of Law
RALPH GANO MILLER, JR., B.A., M.B.A., J.D., Adjunct
Professor of Law
R. LOWELL MILLER, A.B., J.D., LL.D., Professor of Law
RALPH A. NEWMAN, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law
JAMES SNEDEKER, B.S., J.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law, Emeritus
RONALD L. STYN, B.A., LL.B., Lecturer in Law
ROBERT A. WENINGER, B.B.A., LL.B., LL.M., Associate
Professor of Law
RUTH FULLER, Secretary to the Dean
BARBARA COSTLEY, Secretary of Admissions
MICHEN DENNEY, Assistant Librarian
LINSLEY WALTER:, Assistant Librarian
PEGGY WATKINS, Placement Secretary
* Leave of absence, 1973-74.
2
California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1 [1973], Art. 9
https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol4/iss1/9
Private Versus State Arbitration in Latin America
Lionel Sum m ers -...-- ..............--.-- - - -- - ................................ 121
As a sequel to his article entitled Arbitration in Latin America
which appears in 3 CALIF. W. INT'L L.J. 1 (1972), the author
comments upon a survey of the members of the Council of the
Americas. In this article the author attempts to determine em-
pirically the present extent of private versus State arbitration in
Latin America as well as to submit several proposals for the ex-
pansion of this form of mediation in the Latin American countries.
COMMENTS
Mexican-United States Border Broadcasting Dilemma
Tracy Lowman Tibbals 141
British Profit Forecasting System: Model or
Mistake for the United States?
Tim othy S. W ahl --- .-.-- . .-.-.--.-.-... ... . .. ........... 161
BOOK REVIEWS
The Future of Sterling as an International
Currency, by Benjamin J. Cohen
Adam Fremantle 191
The Politics of the Ocean, by Edward Wenk, Jr.
John A . V osburgh -- -------............................. ................ 194
BOOKS RECEIVED 197
Cite as 4 CALIF. W. INT'L L.J. 000 (1973-74)
The CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL is published semi-
annually at the California Western School of Law, United States International
University, San Diego, California 92101.
Subscription price is $6.00 per year, $6.50 foreign; individual issues are
$3.50, $4.00 foreign. Complete sets of back volumes are available.
Subscriptions are renewed automatically unless notified to the contrary.
Address all communications to the CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW
JoURNAL, 350 Cedar Street, San Diego, California 92101, U.S.A.
@ 1974 by California Western School of Law,
United States International University
3
International Law Journal: Table of Contents
Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 1973
CALIFORNIA WESTERN
INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL
VOLUME 4 WINTER 1973 NUMBER 1
1973-1974
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor-in-Chief
KELLY M. EDWARDS
Executive Editor
WILLIAM R. SLOMANSON
Managing Editor
TIMOTHY S. WAHL
Ass't Managing Editor
TRACY L. TIBBALS
Notes and Comments Editor
PAUL HARVEY WALLACE
Lead Articles Editor
ROY M. BELL
A ss't Lead Articles Editor
DENNIS R. KASPER
Ass't Notes and Comments Editor
JUDITH L. HALLER
Book Review Editor
JOHN M. LEFLER
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
THOMAS A. BOGOTT
EDMUND W. JAWORSKI
E. BRADFORD PHILLIPS
WAYNE C. MAYER
RONALD C. RACHOW
STAFF
WILFRED E. BRIESEMEISTER
ELTON REX BROWN III
ROBERT E. GALLAGHER, JR.
THOMAS E. GALYEAN
ROBERT T. GEILE
HARVEY GRAD
STANTON C. HAZELROTH
WILLIAM Ross HELMBOLD
ROBERT J. KOLODNY
EDWIN R. HOLMES
KATHY MAHER
LEE B. PHILIPSON
JEAN H. SCHARF
EDWARD B. SCOTT
ROBERT K. SCOTT
DAVID SEROR
JOHN STRONG
THOMAS WENBOURNE
FACULTY ADVISOR
S. HOUSTON LAY
Professor of Law
4
California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1 [1973], Art. 9
https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol4/iss1/9


CALIFORNIA WESTERN
INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL
MAY 1973 VOLUME 3 NUMBER 2
CONTENTS
ARTICLES
Trans-Boundary Pollution Injuries: Jurisdictional
Considerations in Private Litigation between
Canada and the United States
Stephen C. McCaffrey ------------------------ 191
Recognizing the transnational character of water and air pol-
lution, the author delineates the possible avenues open to a private
litigant attempting to establish jurisdiction in either Canada or the
United States for the purpose of securing restitution. The United
States and Canadian case law as well as each country's applicable
statutes are reviewed to map the most pragmatic course to the
courts of either country.
Judges under the Shadow: Judicial Independence in the
United States and Mexico Carl Schwarz ---------------- 260
The misconception of Mexican judicial submission to the
executive branch of the Mexican government is dispelled by the
author's in depth analysis of the Mexican federal courts as they
compare to their counterparts in the United States. Emphasizing
Supreme Court decisions, the independence of each judiciary in
certain issue areas is dissected in light of the judicial abstinence
doctrines of "political questions" and "committed-to-agency-dis-
cretion."
International Charter Flight Strandings: A Proposal
for Multinational Regulation
S. Houston Lay & Anthony F. Menke ------------------ 333
Mass strandings of international charter flight passengers due
to black market charter operations dramatically document the lack
of a viable organization through which international charter flight
operations can be regulated. A history of the charter industry in-
eluding its present dilemma and a survey of current domestic
charter regulations demonstrate the need for and feasibility of an
International Charter Enforcement Organization which would com-
petently oversee international charter operations.
COMMENTS
Sovereign Immunity Made Easy: Curbing Litigation with
Advisory Opinions Paul Harvey Wallace ---....-------------- 354
1
International Law Journal: Table of Contents
Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 1973
Free Transit in Territorial Straits: Jurisdiction on an
Even Keel? William R. Slomanson -------------------- 375
NOTES
Unterweser: Choice not Chance in Forum
Clauses Kelly M. Edwards ----------
Federal Venue for Aliens: The Presumption
of Nonresidency John M. Lefler --
BOOK REVIEWS
-----417
Polish Law throughout the Ages, edited by
Wenceslas J. Wagner W. Paul Gormley
BOOKS RECEIVED -----------------
426
Cite as 3 CALIF. W. INT'L L. J. 000 (1972-73)
Published semi-annually by the CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW
JOURNAL, California Western School of Law, United States International Uni-
versity. Printed by Joe Christensen, Inc., 1540 Adams St., Lincoln, Nebraska
68521. Domestic subscriptions $6.00 per vol.; foreign subscriptions $6.50 per
vol. Address all communications to the CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONAL
LAW JOURNAL, 3902 Lomaland Drive, San Diego, California 92106.
All subscriptions are automatically renewed unless the CALIFORNIA WESTERN IN-
TERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL is notified to the contrary.
@ 1973 by the California Western School of Law
United States International University
2
California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 3, No. 2 [1973], Art. 17
https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol3/iss2/17


Lay, S. Houson

Menke, Anthony F.

International Charter Flight Standings: Proposal for Multinational Regulation

Slomanson, William R.

Free Transit in Territorial Straits: Jursidiction on an Even Keel?

Rhyne, Charles S.

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF LAW TO MEET
NEEDS OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF LIFE
CHARLES S. RHYNE*
Mobilizing millions worldwide back of a peace program to
foster increased acceptance by nations of more treaties and uni-
form model laws, was an urgent paramount purpose evolving
from the just concluded Abidjan World Conference sponsored
by the World Peace Through Law Center. This "law accept-
ance" program will cause the law to grow to meet the vast needs
of "detente" and other "wall" or "barrier" removal facts created
in today's world. That law is the best concept to move in as
barriers come down' was the consensus of the law leaders of
the World who met August 26-31, 1973 in Abidjan, Ivory
Coast. Also agreed was that an increased and strengthened re-
gime of law can be developed to meet this need. This program
will utilize the capacities of law leaders in the 135 nations now
participating in the Center's programs as there were over 2600
registrants from 123 nations at Abidjan.
People power generated by a linking through law of the
economic and social desires of people in all nations-desires
which can be served only by peace-is another aim of the Center
which was agreed upon at Abidjan. An aim which in turn can
only be achieved by institutionalizing the World's peace structure.
The only concept for such institutionalizing is found in the rule
of law, the most common of all universally admired concepts
of all peoples. Capturing and energizing public support back
of the Center's program is to be accomplished by implementing
plans and programs designed to achieve this end. One such plan
* President of the World Peace Through Law Center, 1965-. Senior
partner, law firm of Rhyne and Rhyne, Washington, D.C. President, American
Bar Association, 1957-58.
1. That a law system can replace arms as a regulator of relations among
nations, is proved conclusively by the European Common Market. So great is
the strength of Common Market laws, so great are the ever growing common
interests which underlie these laws, that war among the Common Market mem-
bers is virtually impossible. Members who formerly went to battlefields now
battle before the European Court of Justice which has decided hundreds of cases.
Under the Treaty of Rome, national courts of Common Market members enforce
its judgments.
1
Rhyne: Internationalization of Law to Meet Needs of Internationalization
Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons,
CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAw JOURNAL
was a World Law Day program on Religion and the Law. A
pamphlet on the World's great religions and the World's great
law systems was distributed to all nations seeking the help of
religions in the Center's program to build peace out of law. The
pamphlet called attention to common moral principles of law and
religion and their common objective of peace.
That world order with justice and peace are indivisible and
that each can be attained only through law was agreed as was the
fact that huge gaps exist in the law of the World.
Voluntary law acceptance by nations is the only way inter-
national law grows. No World legislature exists. Since increas-
ingly peoples of all nations have some of the same problems, this
aspect of their lives can best be served by model uniform national
laws. Such model laws for nations are a new and growing phe-
nomenon of the gradual recognition that the desires and lives
of peoples of all nations are more and more the same and more
and more inextricably intertwined.
Nations are not self-starters on treaty or statute acceptance.
They must be convinced that acceptance is in their peoples' best
interests. Education of their judges and lawyers to convince
nations who have accepted few treaties-a recent Center study
reveals some have accepted less than 20 and others over 4000-
is the method chosen by the Center to "legalize the World Com-
munity." Through their judges and lawyers it is hoped that na-
tional leaders can be moved to acceptance of more transnational
treaties.
Detente was hailed by speakers in Abidjan as providing re-
newed hope that the age old dream of humankind that a "war-
less" World could be created by a "lawful" World.
The treaties and model laws urged upon the over 100,000
judges and lawyers of 135 nations who participate in the Center's
work are not all drafted by the Center. Some are Center-drafted,
such as those on environment (air, water, noise pollution, weather
control), hijacking of airplanes, control of sea bed mining, and
dangerous drugs. Other common interests of mankind are being
covered by other efforts to draft uniform model laws or universal
treaties. Most of the treaties urged upon nations by the Center
were drafted by the United Nations and its specialized agencies.
During one week of work the Conference adopted 41 resolu-
tions addressed to the law problems of the World. The impor-
Vol. 4
2
California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1 [], Art. 2
https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol4/iss1/2
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF LAW
tance of the delegates focused world attention upon their actions,
i.e., 96 nations sent their Chief Justice or a High Court Judge,
and Ministers of Justice, Attorneys General or Bar Presidents
of 51 nations were present.
The Conference took a look at the existing body of interna-
tional law and the laws of nations. They found both vastly defec-
tive, deficient and full of gaps in meeting humankind's current
needs. They concluded that the chief defects and gaps were in
the legal protection of the basic human rights of individuals. Above
all, the Conference established that the cry for justice is universal.
It also established that injustice through denial or inadequate pro-
tection of human rights is the most universal legal problem of
humanity.
Under the impetus of this recently concluded Conference
of World law leaders, the program which they formulated and
adopted now goes through those law leaders to national leaders
and hopefully through them to the peoples of the World. Lead-
ers of nations and World leaders including President Nixon,
Prime Minister Gandhi, Prime Minister Heath, King Hussein,
Pope Paul, U.N. Secretary General Waldheim, World Bank Pres-
ident McNamara, and some 100 other national or international
leaders sent messages of encouragement to the World Conference.
That real progress toward international peace depends on
international and national legal protections of individual liberty
was the most basic decision of the Conference. This decision
came under the spur of honoring the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights by evaluating the impact of its 25 years. Citing
the decolonization of Africa, the decline of racism in the United
States, and enactment of laws prohibiting discrimination against the
untouchables in India, speakers hailed gains attributable to the De-
claration but deplored the progress of the fight against denial of
human rights as inadequate. Apartheid was unanimously con-
demned. This assessment of the status of the human condition and
the suppression of human rights and the need for progress was
clearly a strongly felt consensus of the Conference.
Human rights of refugees was singled out for special world
attention as a major problem area-a war causing area-where
legal protections are inadequate. The great Norwegian jurist Dr.
Atle Grahl-Madsen said in addressing the Abidjan Conference:
"Refugees are human beings. Therefore, human rights apply to
refugees." A heated debate broke out between law leaders from
3
Rhyne: Internationalization of Law to Meet Needs of Internationalization
Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons,
CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL
Arab nations and law leaders from Israel and other nations on
refugee rights and other questions as to the Middle East situation.
The debate spotlighted the attention which this area deserves,
and the law's potential for splitting up and off into channels
those questions which are or may become law questions as dis-
tinguished from explosive political questions. The debate also
illustrated the helpful educational value of such discussions in
a forum which has no decision power but which is helpful toward
reaching a decision by illuminating debate of tough problems.
The developing nations seeking investment by multinational
corporations urged through their delegates a law framework for
this purpose. Work papers, debates, and discussions in this area
were aimed chiefly at law rules to encourage a free flow of people,
goods, and ideas throughout the World Community with law used
as a universal resource to bring barriers down and provide an
increasingly open World. Such ideas as a universal United Na-
tions monetary unit to help cure current money conversion prob-
lems received serious discussion.
A landmark resolution calling for amendment of the United
Nations Charter to require all U.N. members to submit all dis-
putes to mandatory peaceful resolution processes and procedures
received approval. An end forever of decision of disputes be-
tween nations by killing humans in war was supported as the
greatest common interest of humankind. Some argued that
the right of self-defense justifies war on all occasions and the
answering argument was that collective action by the United Nations
was the best answer and the best way to end the archaic method
of using human death as a decision method. The United Nations'
weakness was acknowledged but refurbishing its great purposes
and war-ending mission was recalled as within the vital interests
and power of the World's people.
Model treaties and national laws aimed at terrorism, dan-
gerous drug control, environment pollution, hijacking, sea bed
mining and other subjects were approved along with a convention
proposing an international criminal court. Each were backed
by extensive work papers prepared by the World's leading ex-
perts.
Continuing its educational efforts to persuade nations to ex-
pand the use and jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice
(World Court), the Center in Abidjan staged a demonstration
Vol. 4
4
California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1 [], Art. 2
https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol4/iss1/2
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF LAW
trial similar to the famous Belgrade Space-Ship Trial.2 The Abid-
jan Trial involved a supposed hijacking of an airplane during
which the hijacker killed one person. The seven member "Court"
in a landmark decision announced by the Presiding Judge, Chief
Justice Elias of Nigeria, held that under international law the World
Court has jurisdiction to force the nation in which the hijacker
sought asylum to try the hijacker or to order him returned for
trial to the nation where he boarded the airplane. Damages for
the death and hijacking were also ordered. Professor Della Rocca
of Italy and American Bar Association President Chesterfield
Smith were the winning lawyers. Able arguments for the defense
were presented by Fernando Fournier of Costa Rica, J.B. Piggott
of Australia, Juan Manuel Fanjul Sedeno of Spain, and Toye
C. Barnard of Liberia. The other judges were Justice Sansern
Kraichitti of Thailand, President Alphonse Boni of the Ivory
Coast, Chief Justice William R. Douglas of Barbados, Chief Justice
Antti J. Hannikainen of Finland, Chief Justice Kuo-Cheng Tsien
of the Republic of China, and Judge Norma Holloway Johnson
of the United States.
Such a broad ranging Conference defies short analysis. Suf-
fice it to say, its deliberations and actions have triggered com-
ment, reactions, and dialogue which will accentuate over the
months and years ahead as the World, due to internationaliza-
tion of life, moves to internationalize its law. That judges and
lawyers of nations (who were formerly concerned chiefly with
their domestic law) are now at the forefront of this rapidly de-
veloping initiative to mobilize support for such a program demon-
strates its grass roots nature as well as its strength. Formerly
international law was the concern of diplomats and law teachers;
now in a world shrunken by speedy communications and trans-
portation, it is everyone's concern.
As the "permanent marker" of the Conference, Chief Justices
of nations provided their Nations' code of law, constitutions
or similar volumes. Many contributed their high courts' deci-
sions, law books published in their nation and other law volumes
of great value. These volumes were displayed in the Conference
Law Exhibit and then presented to Chief Justice Alphonse Boni,
President of the Supreme Court of the Ivory Coast for that na-
2. The Belgrade Space-Ship Trial was conducted at the Belgrade World
Conference on World Peace Through Law, 1971; the transcript, briefs, and
opinions have been published by the Center.
1973
5
Rhyne: Internationalization of Law to Meet Needs of Internationalization
Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons,
CALIFORNIA WESTERN INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL
tion's Law Library. Many have notified the Center of volumes
shipped but not yet received so the full number is unknown but
it is certain to exceed 3,000.
The Center has announced a study to be released every two
years containing the "law record" of nations to focus public atten-
tion on treaty acceptance by nations which is similar to the arms
records now compiled. This study may provide new impetus
to increase treaty acceptance and thus increase the strength of
the law of the World. Such a development would increase the
chances for that peaceful resolution of disputes which will cause
law to replace force as the controlling factor in the fate of human-
ity.
Above all, Abidjan demonstrates that the cry for justice is
a universal cry. No nation's law record is perfect. Law like
life requires constant change to keep up with human progress.
In this generation humankind has assembled by concentrated
effort the manpower, brainpower, knowledge, and resources to
accomplish such dreams as splitting the atom and placing a
man on the moon. Such gatherings as Abidjan can help crystal-
lize these essential elements behind a program to develop a law
regime under which human rights are so respected that the rule
of law will grow strong enough to prevail over force throughout
the World. Perhaps humankind can now use this same method
used to split the atom and put a man on the moon to achieve
its most ancient dream of a peaceful world order with justice
for all peoples within and among all nations. That the dream
has persisted despite wars and suppression of human rights is
proof of its power over the human mind. Abidjan and its progeny
are stepping stones toward the translation of this most ancient
dream from fantasy into reality.
In sum, Abidjan was a tremendous success. It proved that
judges and lawyers are a growing organized force for peace. The
future size and speed of that growth depends on their capturing
and energizing widespread public support for the great ideal of
substituting law for force as the controlling factor in the fate
of humanity. This dependence on public education and support
lies in the fact that law in ultimate thrust is crystallized public
opinion. Whether a nation's leaders accept a treaty or law, on
terrorism for example, depends on educating the public to the
point they demand such acceptance. Public opinion fluctuates
on such subjects but when it crystallizes, it becomes a compelling
Vol. 4
6
California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1 [], Art. 2
https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwilj/vol4/iss1/2
1973 INTERNATIONALIZATION OF LAW 7
factor. Public leaders vie for and bow to overwhelming public
opinion. Some leaders do it with lagging steps and reluctant
hearts but bow they do.
In this context, Abidjan was a real milestone along the road
to a peaceful World. It captured and focused World attention
on the promise and potential of a World ruled by a law system
rather than the arms system. The future work of the Center
will build on this foundation. All judges and lawyers are urged
to join the Center thus adding a new dimension to their public
service. Non-lawyers may join as associate members.
7
Rhyne: Internationalization of Law to Meet Needs of Internationalization
Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons,


Internationalization of Law to Meet Needs of Internationalization of Life

Brush, Peter N.

Permanence of Powers: Commission of the European Communities v. France