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New Treaty Law on Autonomous Weapons? An Opportunity to Reframe the Discourse
Full text linkCalls for a new treaty for autonomous weapons—or for any other new technology—stem from a concern at the most basic level: the concern that LOAC’s existing treaties are not sufficient to fulfill their core purposes of protecting civilians and other vulnerable persons and regulating the conduct of hostilities. Could treaties drafted in 1949—when air power was new and space a distant dream, when the first operational computer ran its first program and navigation relied on the compass and sextant—be sufficient for the complexities and challenges of the electromagnetic spectrum, artificial intelligence, quantum mechanics, machine learning, cyber, anti-satellite weapons, and other new technologies and capabilities lying just beyond the edges of our imagination? These calls for, or questions about, a new Geneva Convention for autonomous weapons and artificial intelligence capabilities are an ideal opening to reexamine how artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies can be positive developments for the protection of persons during armed conflict. This Article analyzes the concerns about autonomous systems that appear to be animating calls for new treaty law— whether weapons-focused or broader—and looks at those concerns within the context of what the Geneva Conventions are designed, and aspire, to accomplish. In so doing, this analysis seeks to lay bare several issues that lie at the core of the commonly expressed discomfort with autonomous systems, including, but not limited to: who is the addressee of obligations regarding such systems; how should we define the content of obligations applied to an ever evolving capability; how should we define the systems or capability to which such new treaty law would apply; and what relationship between humans and autonomous systems can and should be covered by such new treaty law and could the treaty encompass unforeseen developments in that respect. Although a new treaty remains solely aspirational at the present time, understanding the concerns it would seek to alleviate and imagining how it would work is a useful exercise for refreshing our approach to the issue of autonomous systems and artificial intelligence in the armed conflict arena and including in this conversation the positive contributions that such systems could offer in the armed conflict setting. (Abstract from author.
Human Rights in Technology -- A Need for a New Norm
Full text linkThe field of cyber security has relied on norms quite heavily to govern the behavior of states and non-state actors in cyberspace. However, existing norms do not offer guidance on integrating attention to human rights into the design and development of digital consumer products. This Paper introduces a way to foresee the human rights impact of new technology combined with a form of governance that regulates problems we do not know exist yet. (Abstract from author.
Digital Sovereignty and AI: New Threats to Corporate Participation in Internet Governance?
Full text linkAuthoritarian regimes have long challenged the multistakeholder model of Internet governance in pursuit of more state-centered controls. Recent assertions of digital sovereignty, coupled with dramatic advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), present twin threats that those regimes may now deploy to advance that challenge. This Article argues that corporations, which currently have a seat at the governance table, must engage with this debate on the side of Western liberal democracy and Internet human rights or risk losing those seats. (Abstract from authors.
Denile on the Nile: Balancing Ethiopia\u27s Equitable and Reasonable Utilization of the Nile and Egypt\u27s Desire to Maintain the Status Quo
Full text linkFor nearly one hundred years, Egypt has maintained complete control and utilization of the Nile River under the 1929 Nile Agreement signed by Egypt and the United Kingdom. This agreement was amended in 1959, making Sudan a party but alienating the remaining Nile Basin States. Ethiopia has now posed the greatest challenge to the validity of these Agreements by constructing the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. This Note argues that the longstanding bilateral 1929 and 1959 Nile Agreements can no longer maintain their enforceability against the rest of the Nile Basin because they violate customary international water law and infringe on Ethiopia’s right to equitable and reasonable utilization. It also urges negotiations to resume, not on the dam itself, but on the Nile Basin Initiative’s Cooperative Framework Agreement to alleviate this issue and future concerns. (Abstract from author.
Hidden Histories of Black Civil Rights
No full textThrough an empirically-rich historical investigation into the changing meaning of civil rights, Before the Movement seeks to change the way we think about Black history itself. Weaving together a variety of sources—from state and federal appellate courts to long-forgotten documents found in county courthouse basements, from family interviews to church records—the book tries to reveal how African Americans thought about, talked about, and used the law long before the marches of the 1960s. In a world that denied their constitutional rights, Black people built lives for themselves through common law “rights of everyday use.” Before the Movement recovers a rich vision of Black life―a vision allied with, yet distinct from, the freedom struggle. Speaker Bio
Dylan C. Penningroth is professor of law and Morrison professor of history at the University of California–Berkeley, and an Affiliated Research Professor of the American Bar Foundation. He specializes in African American history and legal history. A MacArthur Fellow, his most recent book, Before the Movement, won eleven book prizes and was shortlisted for four more
Shaping the Future of Crypto Regulation
No full textThe Ohio Department of Commerce Division of Securities announces the 2025 Ohio Securities Conference: Shaping the Future of Crypto Regulation. This year’s conference is aimed at providing education, insight, networking opportunities, and more to participants in all facets of the securities industry. This event will provide a unique opportunity for lawyers, broker-dealer agents and investment adviser representatives, securities firm compliance personnel, law students, and other stakeholders the chance to engage directly with the Division of Securities and numerous high-profile thinkers, commenters, and decision makers in the securities industry with a focus on the current and future regulatory landscape of the cryptocurrency industry.
The 2025 Conference underscores the Division’s commitment to transparency, education, and collaboration with people and organizations involved in the securities industry. Senior Division staff will be on-site and available to interact with attendees throughout the day.
In addition to the Commissioner of the Division and other Division staff, speakers will also include a senior official from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the general counsel for a major cryptocurrency exchange, as well as officials from across the legal and regulatory communities.
Topics to be discussed include the current state of the blockchain, regulations of cryptocurrency at both the state and federal levels, trends and techniques in cryptocurrency fraud investigations, as well as perspective on how the cryptocurrency industry is responding to recent statutory and regulatory changes.
For in-person attendees, lunch and refreshments will be provided. For further information, including a copy of the agenda, please check the official website for the Ohio Division of Securities at https://com.ohio.gov/divisions-and-programs/securities. Speaker biographies and presentation materials will be available on the Division’s website closer to the conference
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