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Perception of Parents and Teachers on Discipline Strategies for Preschoolers in Some Selected Schools in Nigeria and the United States of America
Full text linkThis study examined the perceptions of parents and teachers on discipline strategies used for preschoolers in Nigeria and the United States. It explored their choice(s) of discipline strategies, similarities and differences, and the perceived impacts on preschoolers\u27 development. The study aimed to identify effective and appropriate strategies.
This qualitative study used semi-structured Zoom interviews with 6 teachers and 6 parents from both countries. Interview data were analyzed using Atlas.ti software to identify key themes and patterns. Findings revealed cross-cultural differences in discipline approaches, with Nigerian participants showing high acceptance of corporal punishment as a discipline strategy while the USA participants emphasized positive reinforcement. However, both groups recognized the need for individualized strategies. The perceived effectiveness also differed, with Nigerian participants focusing on obedience to rules and academic readiness while the USA participants focused mostly on preschoolers\u27 social-emotional development. Recommendations include increased teacher/parent education on positive discipline strategies and home-school collaboration
College Readiness in Mathematics Related to Student Academic and Belonging Mindsets
Full text linkMy quantitative study investigated the differences and correlations between students’ academic (growth vs. fixed) mindsets and belonging mindsets when enrolled in a college-level mathematics course or enrolled in both the college-level mathematics and learning support mathematics courses. The study was conducted at a Tennessee community college in the Fall 2021 semester. Sixty-two students completed the paper survey, which consisted of 17 items that measured academic (growth vs. fixed) and belonging mindsets and included demographic items (age and gender) and ACT mathematics scores. I conducted independent t-tests to find any significant differences between academic (growth vs. fixed) mindset scores and belonging mindset scores of students enrolled in both a learning support and college-level math class and those enrolled in only a college-level math course (Research Questions 1, 2, 3,). The results indicated no significant differences between the two groups. I conducted Pearson correlation coefficients to find any correlations between ACT scores and academic (growth vs. fixed) mindset scores and belonging mindset scores (Research Questions 4, 5, 6). The results indicated no significant correlations in any of the areas. I conducted independent t-tests to find any significant differences between males and females when comparing students’ fixed mindset scores, growth mindset scores, and belonging mindset scores (Research Questions 7, 8, 9). The results did indicate a significant difference between males and females when comparing belonging mindset scores. Female participants tended to have higher belonging mindset scores than male participants
Exploring the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide via Nitrogen-doped Carbon Fiber Electrodes.
No full textCarbon serves as the base element for life. As such, it is crucial to the success of the biosphere that there are available sources of carbon. The release of CO2 into the atmosphere is troublesome to the biosphere because the carbon atom in CO2 is completely oxidized and therefore will virtually never react spontaneously. In order to reduce that carbon atom to a more readily available species, it typically requires a catalyst and some amount of energy input. In this project, pyrrolic nitrogen atoms will be used to serve as an active site for electrocatalytic reduction by preparing nitrogen-doped carbon fiber materials with high surface contents of pyrrolic nitrogen. The reductive capabilities of these materials will be measured using Quartz Crystal Microbalance, which can detect mass changes on the surface of the sensor, along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which can determine the chemical state of the surface of materials. These materials will be used to reduce atmospheric levels of CO2 and to characterize the electrochemical reduction mechanism
Telehealth Utilization and Broadband Access Disparities in Rural Communities Using 2023 NHIS Data
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic led to a surge in telehealth adoption, yet rural population broadband access and telehealth use remain concerns. Addressing these barriers is crucial for improving healthcare access in rural areas. This study examines how geography influences reported barriers to telehealth access and how sociological and demographic factors contribute to disparities. Using data from the CDC’s National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we analyzed 19,819 responses. Of these, 86.33% were urban/suburban residents, while 13.67% were rural. The racial composition included 70.62% White, 11.96% Black/African American, 6.88% Asian, 6.6% non-respondents, and the rest identifying as AIAN or Other. Two outcome variables for this study included reported telehealth use in the past 12 months (1 = used telehealth, 0 = did not use) and reported broadband access (1 = has access, 0 = does not). The primary independent variable was the rurality of the population (1 = rural, 0 = non-rural). Descriptive analyses and chi-square tests assessed associations between rurality and telehealth usage and broadband access. Differences in broadband access were noted, with 93.99% of rural residents having internet access compared to 96.87% of urban residents (P\u3c.001). However, 80.44% of rural residents reported using telehealth in the past 12 months compared to 72.07% of urban residents (P\u3c.001). It is possible that additional variables related to age, insurance status, and race that vary by rurality could explain these differences. While differences in reported access to broadband are small, telehealth use was more common among rural populations, which could reflect further distances from providers and be driven by need. While telehealth use was higher among rural, the definition of rural used in this study is broad. It is possible that more remote rural populations have less access and use than other rural communities more proximal to urban centers
Understanding the Role of SABP2-Interacting Protein (SIP)-432: a Premnaspirodiene Oxygenase Enzyme In Stress Signaling
No full textAdverse environmental conditions have a significant negative impact on crop yields. The increased temperature and drought have caused a decrease in plant survival and an increase in plant pathogens that also affect plant survival. Several known plant proteins contribute to pathogen resistance and environmental stressors, but the overall metabolic pathway remains unknown. By piecing together important genes/proteins in plant immune response, the defense mechanisms can be better understood. This study focuses on the characterization of a SIP432 (SABP2-interacting protein). SIP432 is a premnaspirodiene oxygenase-like enzyme. SABP2 is a critical component of salicylic acid-mediated plant immunity. Premnaspirodiene, a sesquiterpene (15 carbon) can be converted into an antimicrobial compound/s by a hydroxylation reaction in plants. The interaction of SIP432 with SABP2 implies a role for SIP432 in plant defense signaling. To study the role of SIP432 in abiotic and biotic stress responses, we are using the Arabidopsis thaliana SIP432 knockout mutants. Wild-type and SIP432 mutant Arabidopsis plants will be subjected to abiotic stress (salt and drought) and also challenged with plant pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae) to understand its role in stress signaling pathways. All this will allow for the discovery of signaling in plant-stress response. Discovering the function of this protein could help uncover the stress response pathway/s in plants
The Legal Implications of Performance Appraisals: Expanding on Werner & Bolino’s (1997) Research
No full textSeveral studies have been completed over the past few decades regarding employment performance appraisals and discriminatory practices that can arise from such evaluations. Specifically, researchers have sought to determine whether employment discrimination or some type of adverse impact can result depending on the type of performance appraisal given to employees. This study expands upon the foundational research of Jon Werner and Mark Bolino (1997) and utilizes its framework to determine whether there is a correlation between certain variables, discrimination claims, and the outcome of court decisions. This study also seeks to update Werner and Bolino’s (1997) research to reflect more recent cases. The hypotheses tested are mainly concerned with whether certain forms of discrimination are viewed differently by courts and if these forms affect the outcome of cases. This study utilizes a chi-square analysis similar to that applied in Werner and Bolino (1997) to test each of the hypotheses. Some of the variables tested include appraisal basis (trait or behavioral based), appraisal frequency, if the appraisals were rated by more than one evaluator, and if an accountability mechanism was implemented. Race and age discrimination were the main forms of discrimination focused on in this study. The expected outcome of these tests is that race and age discrimination cases are harder to win in court. Furthermore, the inclusion of certain variables in the appraisal process, such as behavioral based appraisals or accountability mechanisms, will make case decisions in favor of the employer more likely
Disparities in Utilization of Preventive Care Services By Insurance Type In The United States
No full textPreventive care services reduce disease burden, lower healthcare costs, and improve overall population health. However, variations in the use of these services persist across types of insurance coverage. This study examines differences in routine check-ups and cholesterol screenings among those 18-64 years of age, based on insurance type – Private, Public, and Medicaid Insurance using Andersen’s Behavioral Health Model as a theoretical framework. This cross-sectional study utilized 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data studying 262,500 adults aged 18 -64 years across the United States. Among the study population, 51.50% were females and 48.50% males. Approximately 56.90 % were non-Hispanic white, 11.9% non-Hispanic black, and 19.79% of Hispanic ethnicity. Routine check-ups were reported by 77.74% of the population, while 87.62% had cholesterol screenings. Utilization varied by insurance type, 78.84% of Medicaid enrollees had a routine check-up, compared to 77.21% of private insurers and 87.54% of those with public insurance (p \u3c 0.0001). For cholesterol screening, 84.93% of Medicaid enrollees had a cholesterol screening, compared to 88.93% of private insurers and 93.47% of those with public insurance (p \u3c 0.0001). When adjusting for covariates, Medicaid enrollees showed 13.00 % higher odds of a routine check-up (AOR:1.131 95% CI 1.038-1.233) while public insurance showed 35.50% higher odds (AOR:1.355 95% CI 1.262- 1.454), compared to private insurers. However, the association between Medicaid and Cholesterol screening was not significant. The relationship between public insurance and cholesterol screening remained significant with individuals having 21.20% higher odds of cholesterol screening compared to those with private insurance (AOR: 1.212, 95% CI1.108 1.325). Moreover, regional disparities impacted preventive care utilization. Although more visits among Medicaid enrollees were observed, cholesterol screening remained lower. Future research should explore factors contributing to these disparities to improve access to preventive care services
Location, Location, Location: How Adolescent Eating Disorders are Impacted by Geography?
No full textPast research and articles provide extensive details on eating disorders, their impact on young adults, and the factors that can trigger the onset of these problematic eating habits. Research on the location of the suffering youth, specifically in rural areas of the United States, and other factors that may contribute to the development of these disordered eating patterns beyond the “known features” remains limited (Hahn et al., 2022; Douthit et al., 2015; Crumb et al., 2019; Hooper et al., 2021). The current study aims to examine how the limited availability of treatment, lack of access to food, and mental health resources in rural Appalachia affect individuals living there. The study will take a quantitative approach (EDE-Q) to capture the generalized effect young adults in rural Appalachia are experiencing with limited food or disordered eating in their young adult life. The study aims to detect any active indications of disordered eating behavior by conducting a quantitative survey that specifically searches for behaviors resembling anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorders. With this approach, there is hope that results will show an active emergency needing help. Demonstrating and highlighting this issue can enlighten readers to outside resources. Bringing this issue up again can educate readers, and those within the rural location itself, that eating disorders are still a current issue. And that there are other reasons as to why young adults may show eating disorder behavior
Evidence for Binarity in the Luminous Blue Variable Candidate Hen 3-519
No full textLuminous Blue Variables (LBVs) are evolved massive stars that undergo extreme mass loss, influencing their eventual fate as neutron stars or black holes. Among them, Hen 3-519 stands out due to its unusual spectral features. This study presents new polarimetric observations of Hen 3-519, revealing a distinctive loop pattern in the Stokes Q-U diagram, which strongly suggests the presence of a binary companion. Identifying binaries among LBVs is important for understanding how these massive stars evolve. By analyzing archival linear polarization data, we explore the possible orbital properties of Hen 3-519’s companion and its role in shaping the surrounding stellar wind. These findings contribute to the growing evidence that binary interactions play a significant role in the evolution of massive stars, particularly in the transition from LBVs to Wolf-Rayet stars