Pacific McGeorge School of Law
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Rooster. Kiosk. [candid from set]
No full texthttps://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/ua-film-tv-pacific/1204/thumbnail.jp
Proposition 36: Allows Felony Charges and Increases Sentences for Certain Drug and Theft Crimes
No full textRESCUE OF DENTAL STEM CELLS FROM HYPOXIC DAMAGE BY FOLIC ACID – ROLE OF THE MTHFR GENE POLYMORPHISM
No full textIntroduction: Orofacial clefts, including non-syndromic cleft lip and cleft palate (NCLP), are among the most common congenital anomalies affecting approximately 1 in 700 live births. The etiology of NCLP is multifactorial involving both genetic and environmental factors. MTHFR 677CT polymorphism belongs to a group of candidate genes. Deficiency of folate belongs to environmental factors contributing to etiology of NCLP. Folate plays a critical role in DNA synthesis and cellular methylations. It was feasible to investigate them together in human dental stem cells (hDSC). hDSC are derived from neural crest cells that are integral to craniofacial development. This study investigates the effects of folate on hDSC exposed to ischemia/reperfusion injury. It mimics a transient ischemic episode during embryonic development that was linked to NCLP development. Materials and Methods: hDSC were isolated from teeth extracted from patients in the Oral maxillofacial surgery clinic (IRB#2023-80). MTHFR677 genotypes (CC, CT, TT) were identified. Ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced using Billups-Rothenberg hypoxic chambers. Cytotoxic damage was assessed by measuring concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released to medium using CyQuant LDH Cytotoxicity Assay (Life Technologies). Samples were collected at multiple time points: T0 (baseline, before hypoxia), T1 (immediately before hypoxia), T2 (24 hours post-hypoxia), and T3 (48 hours post-reperfusion). Total number of cells was assessed at baseline and after recovery from ischemia/reperfusion injury (CyQuant LDH assay after lysis of all cells). The experiments were done in triplicates in culture medium with added 2 μg/mL folic acid and in medium with no folic acid added. 3 Results: Cytotoxicity tests showed no significant differences between hDSC exposed to ischemia/reperfusion injury in medium with or without folic acid using hDSC with different MTHFR 677CT genotypes. Multiplication rates were found to be different in hDSC defined by MTHFR 677 CT genotypes. Multiplication rate equal to 1.2 was found in hDSC with MTHFR 677TT genotype, multiplication rate equal to 4.0 was found in hDSC with MTHFR 677CT genotype, and multiplication rate equal to16.8 was found in hDSC with MTHFR 677CC genotype. It seems that the lower activity of MTHFR conferred by T mutated allele was reflected in magnitude of hDSC multiplication rate. Conclusion: Cells with the MTHFR 677 CC genotype exhibited the highest proliferation rate, followed by CT, while TT genotypes showed the least multiplication rate. These findings suggest that hDSC multiplication rate depended on availability of active folate in the cells. Further research will be done to confirm these results on a larger sample. It will further explore the molecular mechanisms involved in prevention of NCLP by folic acid supplementation
Comparison of individualized facial growth prediction models based on the artificial intelligence and partial least squares – with longitudinal growth data from Mathews growth collection
No full textIntroduction: To develop facial growth prediction models using artificial intelligence (AI) under various conditions, and to compare the performance of these models with each other as well as with the partial least squares (PLS) growth prediction model. Materials and Methods: Longitudinal lateral cephalograms from 33 subjects in the Mathews growth collection were utilized. The dataset included 1,257 pairs of before and after growth lateral cephalograms. In each image, 46 hard and 32 soft tissue landmarks were manually identified. Growth prediction models were constructed using both a deep learning method based on the TabNet deep neural network and PLS method. The prediction accuracies of the two methods were compared. Results: On average, AI showed 0.61 mm less prediction error than PLS. Among the 77 predicted landmarks, AI was more accurate than PLS in 60 landmarks. When comparing AI models with varying numbers of training epochs, those with higher epochs yielded more accurate predictions. Overall, both PLS and AI methods exhibited greater prediction errors for soft tissue and mandibular landmarks compared to hard tissue and maxillary landmarks. However, the AI method showed a smaller increase in prediction error in areas with greater variability. Conclusions: AI proved to be a valuable growth prediction method, with clinically acceptable prediction errors averaging 1.49 mm for 45 hard tissue landmarks and 1.71 mm for 32 soft tissue landmarks. PLS accurately predicted landmarks with low variability. However, AI generally outperformed PLS, particularly for landmarks in the lower part of the craniofacial structure and soft tissue, where uncertainty is considerable
Comparison of Class II Correction with Elastics versus Mandibular Advancement in Growing Patients Using Clear Aligner Therapy
No full textObjectives: This study aimed to compare the skeletal and dental changes, efficiency, and side effects of Class II correction in growing patients using clear aligners with Class II elastics compared to mandibular advancement (MA). Materials and Methods: A total of 66 growing Class II patients were included in this study. 20 patients were treated with Class II elastics, 25 patients were treated with MA, and 21 subjects were untreated Class II subjects. 9 cephalometric measurements and 3 study cast measurements were evaluated at initial (T1) and end of treatment (T2). Results: No significant differences were shown at T2 between the elastic and MA groups, indicating similar treatment outcomes for all variables. Final molar relationship and overjet for the control group demonstrated a Class II relationship while the elastic and MA groups corrected to a Class I relationship. Skeletal changes from T1 to T2 in the MA group, with reduction in SNA (-1.09°) and ANB (-1.69°), demonstrated a “headgear effect” in addition to dentoalveolar Class II correction. However, the elastics group demonstrated solely dentoalveolar correction. Linear regression revealed significant lower incisor proclination of 5.28° as a result of treatment with Class II elastics while lower incisor proclination was maintained with MA treatment. Conclusions: Clear aligner treatments with Class II elastics and MA are effective at correcting Class II malocclusions in growing patients that would have otherwise been maintained without intervention. Class II correction occurred primarily through dentoalveolar changes, although there was a skeletal component with MA treatment
