Pacific McGeorge School of Law
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From the Intermediate Impossible to Core Democratic Check: The Future of the Right to Counsel for Crime Victims
No full textEmpower Birth: Black Maternal Health Project Improving Health Literacy and Health Management in Black Pregnant Women
No full texthttps://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/nursing-portfolios/1026/thumbnail.jp
The effect of CBCT integration in decision making in aligner treatment
No full textObjectives: Clear aligner therapy has been used for a wide range of malocclusions. However, crown-only virtual planning may limit insight into roots and the alveolar housing, potentially affecting diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment decisions. This study evaluated whether the addition of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) information affects clinicians’ decisions during aligner treatment planning. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted, presenting six de-identified aligner cases first with conventional records (panoramic radiograph, lateral cephalometric tracing, and standardized ClinCheck views) and then representing the same cases with CBCT-integrated models in a different order to reduce recall bias. Each case used ten standardized 0–10 items (0 = not at all, 10 = extremely). Responses were provided at the item level (no averaging). Primary exposure was CBCT vs non-CBCT; outcomes were treated as ordinal. Mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression with random effects for respondent and case produced odds ratios (ORs), 95% CIs, and two-sided p-values. The survey ran from March to July 2025. De-identified data were exported from Qualtrics to Excel. Only complete, non-duplicate submissions were analyzed. Results: Fifty-one clinicians completed the survey and were included in the analysis (orthodontists and residents from the U.S. and internationally). Across the ten variables, CBCT shifted ratings upward in most domains. Effects were largest for perceived root-position accuracy (Q3) and clarity of final tooth position (Q7), followed by diagnosis confidence (Q1). The global judgment of “safe movement within the alveolar housing” (Q4) was the smallest and least consistent. Effects tended to increase with case complexity (mild \u3c moderate \u3c severe). Median ORs across items spanned roughly 1.31–1.98. Conclusions: Adding CBCT integration with the root and bone information to crown-based virtual planning meaningfully altered clinicians’ judgments, especially for root control and anticipated final tooth position. The impact was greater in cases of moderate and severe malocclusion. These findings support the use of selective, indication-based CBCT during aligner planning when root position and alveolar limits are important factors to consider
The Role of Vertical Skeletal Pattern in Predicting Molar Relationship Transitions from the primary to the permanent dentition
No full textIntroduction:The terminal plane of the primary dentition is a well-established predictor of future occlusion, yet its prognostic value may be influenced by vertical skeletal growth. Hyperdivergence, in particular, has received limited attention in untreated longitudinal samples. Objective:To investigate the influence of vertical skeletal patterns on molar relationship transition from primary to permanent dentition and to identify cephalometric and dental predictors of final molar relationship. Methods: A longitudinal cohort of 58 untreated subjects from the AAOF Legacy Collection was analyzed across three developmental stages: T1 (primary dentition), T2 (early mixed dentition), and T3 (permanent dentition). Subjects were stratified by mandibular plane angle (MPA) at T1 into hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent groups. Cephalometric and digitized dental cast measurements were obtained at each time point. A multivariate L2-regularized logistic regression model was developed to identify predictors associated with Class II molar relationship at T3. Results:Subjects were on average 5.3 years at T1, 7.5 years at T2, and 13.7 years at T3. Baseline molar terminal plane distributions were similar across vertical skeletal groups (P = 0.106). From T1 to T3, mesial steps most often transitioned to Class I, distal steps overwhelmingly ended in Class II, and flush terminal planes showed variable outcomes. Hyperdivergent subjects, particularly those with flush or distal steps, demonstrated a higher tendency to finish in Class II compared with hypo- and normodivergent peers, although differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.513). From T2 to T3, Class II relationships persisted more frequently in hyperdivergent subjects (56% vs. 44%), but again without significance (P = 0.163). Logistic regression identified integrated dento-skeletal predictors of Class II at T3, including terminal plane relationship, overjet, PFH/AFH ratio, and maxillary intermolar width. Predictive models achieved good discrimination (AUC 0.84–0.88). Conclusions:Vertical skeletal pattern alone was not significantly associated with molar classification outcomes. However, children with hyperdivergent growth patterns showed directional trends toward less favorable molar transitions. Predictive models that combined sagittal, vertical, and transverse dento-skeletal features provided good accuracy in identifying risk for Class II outcomes, underscoring the value of integrated diagnostic approaches in the mixed dentition
Bridging Autism Care: Dental and Occupational Therapy School Collaboration
No full textThis study examines the interdisciplinary collaboration between dental and occupational therapy schools to support dental education on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An occupational therapy student created a recorded training module to educate international dental students on ASD. The participants completed a self-reported pre- and post-survey questionnaire examining their confidence levels in interacting with the ASD population and their awareness of other healthcare professions. The survey results showed improvements in confidence levels for identifying characteristics of ASD, communicating with clients with ASD, identifying sensory-based strategies, navigating uncooperative behaviors, and providing education for at-home care. There was an increase in the awareness that dental professionals\u27 collaboration with other professionals, such as occupational, speech, and ABA therapists, can improve the outcomes of oral care that they provide. This study demonstrates the exploration of interdisciplinary collaboration between dental and occupational therapy at an academic level to support the dental experiences of the ASD population
Supporting Second-Year College Students in the Murky Middle
No full textThis study articulates the needs and expectations of an intersectional population of undergraduate college students: second-year students in the murky middle. Nearly half of all student dropouts occur after the first year of enrollment, with more than 45% occurring by mid-performing students. Despite this, institutions, like researchers, do not readily focus on the retention of this population of students; a Noel Levitz study (2013) found a disparity in the prevalence of retention practices for first-year students (94%-98%) and second-year students (20%-29%). This general qualitative study utilized a semi-structured interview protocol with nine participants to gather information about the participants’ needs and expectations in their college experience. Findings highlight participants’ experiences being a second-year student, within the classroom, with peers, and in navigating campus resources. Participants articulated an awareness of their own personal and academic needs, informed by their individual circumstances and first year experience, and choices in how they chose to engage with the institution. They identified institutional challenges with key transitional tasks, including course registration and the ability to be successful in next level coursework. Finally, they made recommendations for institutional actions that would improve their experiences, including improved access to campus resources and opportunities and scaffolded support as they transitioned into and through their second year
City of Manteca Police Station Headquarters Relocation
No full textThe City of Manteca, located in San Joaquin County, is one of California’s fastest growing cities. Manteca’s Police Station Headquarters was built in 1976, and the staff has since more than doubled in size. The relocation and expansion of the facilities will support the growth of the staff as well as meet the needs of the increasing population of Manteca. Applied Civil Engineering Solutions (ACES) responded to the City of Manteca’s request for proposal for a preliminary design of a Police Station Headquarters.
The proposed project site is 8 acres. ACES provided services for the design of a new 50,000 square-foot steel frame building, foundation, storm water management, wet utilities, parking lots, walkways, and private access road. The site will include space for future development which includes solar panel structures over the parking areas and an outdoor classroom building to foster community engagement. Low impact development (LID) was implemented through dry swales distributed throughout the site. The Envision sustainability rating system was used to guide the design of the project and incorporate sustainability. A California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) analysis was conducted to identify and mitigate potential environmental impacts. After finalizing the initial design, a preliminary construction cost estimate was calculated. Upgrading and improving the resources of the current facility will allow the Manteca Police Department to streamline functions and serve the community