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Micro-politics, semiotic power and infrastructural inversion: theoretical lenses for geopolitical HCI
Get PDFAn argument is presented for the use of the concepts of Micro-Politics and Semiotic Power by Bijker, and Infrastructural Inversion by Bowker to understand the geopolitical dynamics of career-building, knowledge and value creation in the field of human computer interaction (HCI). This is illustrated with brief references to examples of HCI academic and professional practice and dissemination in local and global contexts. It is shown how local and global micro-politically dominant groups in the HCI field can construct scripts that define quality, impact and relevance. These scripts in turn have a direct effect in career-building and what is considered valid and useful knowledge and practice. The political leverage of these scripts is therefore embedded in artefacts used for different types of transactions in the HCI field. Infrastructural inversion is finally presented as a possible framework to deconstruct and make visible these scripts and the different types of historical and political tensions inscribed in them at disciplinary, local, national, regional and global level
Cyber resilience in supply chain system security using machine learning for threat predictions
Get PDFPurpose
Cyber resilience in cyber supply chain (CSC) systems security has become inevitable as attacks, risks and vulnerabilities increase in real-time critical infrastructure systems with little time for system failures. Cyber resilience approaches ensure the ability of a supply chain system to prepare, absorb, recover and adapt to adverse effects in the complex CPS environment. However, threats within the CSC context can pose a severe disruption to the overall business continuity. The paper aims to use machine learning (ML) techniques to predict threats on cyber supply chain systems, improve cyber resilience that focuses on critical assets and reduce the attack surface.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach follows two main cyber resilience design principles that focus on common critical assets and reduce the attack surface for this purpose. ML techniques are applied to various classification algorithms to learn a dataset for performance accuracies and threats predictions based on the CSC resilience design principles. The critical assets include Cyber Digital, Cyber Physical and physical elements. We consider Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest classification algorithms in a Majority Voting to predicate the results. Finally, we mapped the threats with known attacks for inferences to improve resilience on the critical assets.
Findings
The paper contributes to CSC system resilience based on the understanding and prediction of the threats. The result shows a 70% performance accuracy for the threat prediction with cyber resilience design principles that focus on critical assets and controls and reduce the threat.
Research limitations/implications
Therefore, there is a need to understand and predicate the threat so that appropriate control actions can ensure system resilience. However, due to the invincibility and dynamic nature of cyber attacks, there are limited controls and attributions. This poses serious implications for cyber supply chain systems and its cascading impacts.
Practical implications
ML techniques are used on a dataset to analyse and predict the threats based on the CSC resilience design principles.
Social implications
There are no social implications rather it has serious implications for organizations and third-party vendors.
Originality/value
The originality of the paper lies in the fact that cyber resilience design principles that focus on common critical assets are used including Cyber Digital, Cyber Physical and physical elements to determine the attack surface. ML techniques are applied to various classification algorithms to learn a dataset for performance accuracies and threats predictions based on the CSC resilience design principles to reduce the attack surface for this purpose
Recent advances and future trends on maintenance strategies and optimisation solution techniques for offshore sector
Get PDFMaintenance planning program of offshore assets is a complex activity due to its impact on the operational and safety risks and consequences, dependence on personnel resource availabilities, site constraints due to operational requirements and environmental factors, and uncertainties related to various vulnerabilities on asset. This paper elaborates the challenges on offshore maintenance frameworks and have carried out a review of recent state-of-the-art literature from which have observed that the current state-of-the-art does not incorporate site constraints of the asset related to offshore personnel resource availability and impact of time required to carry out activities, into the maintenance plan and its impact on other activities due to the maintenance. Also, it has been identified that dynamic and autonomous resource allocations for maintenance activities are not employed in the offshore maintenance planning program that allows each maintenance item to independently adjust its resource allocation based on the time required to complete the activity, to improve the resource utilisation
Brain imaging changes in patients recovered from COVID-19: a narrative review
Get PDFThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused several outbreaks of highly contagious respiratory diseases worldwide. The respiratory symptoms of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) have been closely monitored and studied, while the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral system (PNS) lesions induced by COVID-19 have not received much attention. Currently, patients with COVID-19-associated encephalopathy present with dizziness, headache, anxiety and depression, stroke, epileptic seizures, the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and demyelinating disease. The exact pathologic basis for these neurological symptoms is currently not known. Rapid mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 genome leads to the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), which have higher infectivity and virulence. Therefore, this narrative review will focus on the imaging assessment of COVID-19 and its VOC. There has been an increase in technologies, such as [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), that have been used to observe changes in brain microstructure over time in patients with COVID-19 recovery. Medical imaging and pathological approaches aimed at exploring the associations between COVID-19 and its VOC, with cranial nerve and abnormal nerve discharge will shed light on the rehabilitation process of brain microstructural changes related to SARS-CoV-2, and aid future research in our understanding of the treatment and prognosis of COVID-19 encephalopathy
Variables affecting engagement in online learning
Get PDFVariables affecting online learning can be related to the individual or the situation. This study explored the contribution of both dispositional variables related to the learner and the situation, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and change of learning platform to engagement in online learning and the impact on general satisfaction. The findings support previous studies that investigated perceived self-efficacy and locus of control in online learning, and inform about the contribution of other variables such as anxiety and COVID-19 to constraining online learning. The findings can be used to inform online teaching methodologies and further highlight the importance of dispositional variables when considering the design of online teaching
A multi-dimensional approach to embedding professional skills into modern degree courses
Get PDFThis article focuses on understanding professionalism and the need to teach students about it, and includes a case study from the Claude Littner Business School (CLBS) at the University of West London. Teaching professional skills to students is of paramount importance as it has a direct impact on their career success. However, embedding it within curricula and making it part of the students’ mindset is not so straightforward, as the concept of professionalism may often be affected by public perception. CLBS has employed a variety of pedagogical models and business approaches in doing this, such as horizontal and vertical integration through a spiral curriculum, experiential and reflective learning techniques, and has established HR practices such as onboarding and appraisal meetings, resulting in high submission rates and positive student feedback
Male victims of sexual violence and their welfare in the criminal justice system
Get PDFMale victims of sexual violence currently receive little attention in the UK, despite a growing number of men reporting sexual offences to the police and seeking psychological support for sexual trauma. Such issues are situated against a backdrop of substantial, gender-specific barriers for men around recognising, disclosing, and seeking support for their victimisation. Additionally, concerns have been raised around the efficacy of police officers in providing support throughout reporting and investigation processes, with findings indicating that male rape victims are often met with disbelief and scepticism and find the Criminal Justice process retraumatising. Increasing understanding around men’s experiences within the Criminal Justice System (CJS) is critical in aiding the production of gender-inclusive, trauma-informed strategies that recognise victims’ gender/sexuality-specific needs. This chapter provides evidence-based, victim-centric guidance on effectively supporting male victims of sexual violence, across the multiple institutions of the UK CJS to ensure gender-specific and inclusive care for victim survivors. It does so by overviewing current issues in the policing and service provision of male rape allegations and by examining men’s welfare in the context of multiple UK CJS institutions. Research conducted in the UK on the welfare of male survivors across key investigative moments is reviewed, from reporting, involvement of third sector victim-support services, officer responses and investigative practices, to referral to the Crown Prosecution Service, before concluding with recommendations for policy and practice
Stakeholder expectations influence the success of rural tourism development: a tale of three stakeholders
Get PDFThis paper explores the stakeholder perceptions on the development of rural tourism in Namibia. The stakeholders include Government and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), local communities and tourism establishments. It focuses on two northern regions of Namibia. Kunene region has the largest number of conservancies and Zambezi region is considered the richest region in terms of natural diversity. The research paper utilises descriptive phenomenological principles. Consequently, the approach helped in understanding the rural tourism concept from the stakeholders’ point of view and examine their contribution to the development of rural tourism. The main finding is that the influence of rural tourism development will remain minimal unless all the stakeholders understand the concept of rural tourism and are involved in the development of rural tourism strategies. Hence, the paper reinforces the significance of encouraging active participation of all stakeholders involved in the rural tourism development initiatives
Formalization and evaluation of EAP-AKA’ protocol for 5G network access security
Get PDFThe end user’s Quality of Experience (QoE) will be improved while accessing services in Fifth Generation Mobile Network (5G), supported by enhanced security and privacy. The security guarantees offered by the Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocols will be depended upon by end users and network operators. The AKA protocols have been standardized for 5G networks, and the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)-AKA’ protocol is one of the main authentication mechanisms that has been specified for User Equipment (UE) and network mutual authentication. This article models the EAP-AKA’ protocol and conducts an extensive formal verification of the EAP-AKA’ protocol as defined in the 5G security standard to determine whether the protocol is verifiably secure for 5G. It provides a security evaluation of the EAP-AKA’ protocol based on the current 5G specifications using ProVerif, a security protocol proof verifier. It also presents security properties that support the security verification, as well as quantitative properties that are used to assess the protocol’s performance. Finally, it compares the EAP-AKA’ and 5G-AKA protocols’ security and performance results
The role of 6G networks in enabling future smart health services and applications
No full textWhile 5G networks can support variety of smart health services, but applications like telesurgery, holographic communication, and augmented/virtual reality are already emphasizing its limitations. 6G mobile networks are predicted to proliferate over the next decade in order to solve these limitations. Currently, academia and industry are concentrating their efforts on the 6G network, which is expected to be the next major game-changer in the telecommunication industry and will significantly impact all other related verticals. This article aims to identify and discuss the role of 6G in smart health applications. We shed light on several critical 6G technologies that are projected to enable future smart health services. Moreover, multiple 6G-enabled smart health applications and associated challenges are reviewed