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Current situation of older adults in rural Bangladesh: evidence from the YPSA ageing survey 2023-2024
Full text linkThis study explores the demographic, social, and health characteristics of older adults in rural
Bangladesh, focusing on Sayedpur Union, Sitakund Upazila, Chattogram Division, using data
from the 2023-2024 YPSA Ageing Survey. It highlights key disparities in health, economic, and
social outcomes among older adults, with notable gender differences. The findings reveal a higher
incidence of poor health and lower life satisfaction among women, particularly those with limited
education and land ownership. A significant proportion of older adults’ report relying on family mainly sons- for emotional and financial support, particularly for health-related issues. Housing
conditions, land ownership, and income levels emerge as critical determinants of health and wellbeing, with individuals in better housing and those with higher incomes reporting better health
outcomes and higher life satisfaction. Furthermore, education level and marital status also
influence older adults' health perceptions and overall life satisfaction. The study underscores the
importance of addressing socio-economic disparities and improving the structural conditions that
impact the elderly in rural Bangladesh
Privileges, and Permissions: theorising intersectionality and cultures of control in the care of people living with dementia in acute hospital settings
Full text linkA longstanding body of public enquiries and research identifies people living with dementia experience systemic inequalities within hospital settings, concluding a focus on improving care cultures is required. Drawing on a 3-year multi-sited hospital ethnography, this paper examines everyday cultures of care in NHS acute hospital wards to interrogate how ethnicity, gender, and social class intersects to shape the care of people living with dementia. Drawing on Collins’ concept of intersectionality and the relational nature of power, the analysis reveals that, while cared for by diverse teams of healthcare professionals, a patients’ age, ethnicity, gender, and social class, as interconnected categories, influences the tightening of ward rules for some people living with dementia and the granting of significant privileges for others. Focusing on walking within the ward, with a large number of people living with dementia classified as ‘wandering’, we explore ways in which intersectional identities informed who was granted privileges to leave the bedside and ‘wander’ the ward, and who experienced further control. The paper concludes that institutional racism and attitudes to gender, social class, and ageing, permeate the routine organisation and delivery of care within NHS acute hospital wards to significantly impact people living with dementia, and in turn, increases the consideration of care pathways that emphasise their discharge to institutional settings
Struggles in search of a ground: protests after lockdown
Full text linkThis photo essay explores the relationship between the city, London, and the febrile political moment in the months after the removal of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Our interest in this moment is centered on two quite different protests—one in opposition to the invasion of Ukraine, the other a mixed gathering of groups in a park in London. We use these to explore the relationship between political actions, or struggles, and the grounds for those actions, suggesting that the two protests show how differently these can be configured. In the protest in the park, the city was used as a ground for different struggles, which sometimes appeared in the same spaces and places. In the Ukraine protest, the city provides a foundation to articulate protests that reveal some oddities in the politics of the city. Taken together they reveal an unshakeable commitment to using “real” space, despite the intense interest in online protest during the pandemic. However, the post-pandemic moment also created unexpected juxtapositions of protests, which begs questions about how city space is occupied and used. Through these examples, we discuss how struggles seek to take place
Improving Short Utterance Dialogue Act Classification using a Transformer Ensemble
No full textAn influx of digital assistant adoption and reliance is demonstrating the significance of reliable and robust dialogue act classification techniques. In the literature, there is an over-representation of purely lexical-based dialogue act classification methods. A weakness of this approach is the lack of context when classifying short utterances. We improve upon a purely lexical approach by incorporating a state-of-the-art acoustic model in a lexical-acoustic transformer ensemble, with improved results when classifying dialogue acts in the MRDA corpus. Additionally, we further investigate the performance on an utterance word count basis, showing classification accuracy increases with utterance word count. Furthermore, the performance of the lexical model increases with utterance word length and the acoustic model performance decreases with utterance word count, showing the models complement each other for different utterance lengths
The impact of mental health on Higher Education academics: navigating burnout, innovation, and well-being.
Full text linkThe mental health and well-being of students and academics in higher education have become pressing concerns, with increasing numbers of students seeking support. Factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, systemic racism, childhood trauma, and LGBTQ identity significantly contribute to students' mental distress, affecting academic performance and retention rates. Universities, despite efforts to provide counselling and peer support programs, struggle with resource limitations and persistent stigma surrounding mental health. Beyond students, academics also face severe mental health challenges due to heavy workloads, job insecurity, and emotional strain from supporting students. The competitive nature of academia exacerbates stress and burnout, impacting overall well-being. This chapter explores the drivers of mental health struggles in higher education, the impact of these challenges on academic success and career sustainability, and the role of institutional support. It concludes with recommendations for systemic changes to foster a more inclusive academic environment
The impact of integrated project-based learning and flipped classroom on students’ computational thinking skills: embedded mixed methods.
Full text linkComputational thinking skills among high school students have become a global
concern, especially in the context of the ever-evolving digital education era. However,
the attention given by teachers to this skill during mathematics instruction has not been a
priority. This study aims to evaluate and explore the impact of project-based learning (PBL)
integrated with flipped classroom on high school students’ computational thinking skills
in mathematics. The research design employed a mixed-method approach with a quasiexperimental,
nonequivalent pre-test post-test control group design. The experimental
group (46 students) and control group (45 students) were selected through simple random
sampling from 12th-grade science students. Data were collected through tests, questionnaires,
and in-depth interviews, using instruments such as computational thinking skills
assessment questions, questionnaires, and interview protocols. Quantitative data analysis
was performed using SPSS Version 26 for t-tests and ANOVA, while qualitative analysis
was conducted using ATLAS.ti with an abductive-inductive and thematic approach. The
findings indicate that PBL integrated with flipped classrooms significantly improved students’
decomposition, pattern recognition, and abstraction skills. The implementation of
PBL, integrated with a flipped classroom, created an interactive learning environment,
fostering active engagement and enhancing students’ understanding and skills in solving
mathematical concepts. Although there was an improvement in algorithmic thinking skills,
some students still faced difficulties in developing systematic solutions. The results of this
study suggest that further research could explore other methodologies, such as grounded
theory and case studies integrated with e-learning, and emphasize visual analysis methods,
such as using photo elicitation to explore thinking skills
Tools used to assess methodological quality of primary mixed methods or multi-method studies: a scoping review protocol.
Full text linkObjective:
The objective of this proposed scoping review is to identify the tools available to critically appraise and assess methodological quality; assess risk of bias of primary mixed methods or multi-method studies; and determine which studies have undergone any formal psychometric evaluation.
Introduction:
Currently, JBI does not have an appraisal tool for primary mixed methods or multi-methods studies and recommends reviewers use the JBI qualitative tool and the relevant quantitative tool (based on study design) together. While useful, this does not allow reviewers to consider elements specifically related to the nuances of primary mixed methods studies.
Inclusion criteria:
Any tool, checklist, scale, instrument, criteria, system, or framework that has been designed to assess the methodological quality of primary mixed methods or multi-methods studies will be of interest. Adapted or modified versions of tools will also be considered and any psychometric properties measured will be recorded. Published and unpublished primary studies, reviews, and textual evidence are eligible for inclusion in the review.
Methods:
The review will follow JBI methodology for scoping reviews and be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The following databases and resources will be searched: CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, medRxiv, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google Scholar. Various websites will also be searched. No language limits will be placed. Screening, data extraction, and data analysis will be conducted by 2 reviewers independently. Descriptive statistics and basic content analysis will be used to convey the results of the review, supplemented by a narrative synthesis and presented in tabular and graphical form
Eyre and Eton in Camden: uncovering the colonial histories of three North London housing estates.
Full text linkThis article analyses the colonial histories of three north London housing
estates. A kilometre apart from each other and built under different social
policy conditions, Hilgrove, Chalcots, and Alexandra Road Estates all share
colonial histories. We trace the role of the slave-holding Eyre Estate in
influencing the architecture of Hilgrove Estate; uncover how the Eyre Estate
clashed with residents and the London Borough of Camden over Alexandra
Road Estate; and consider Eton College’s links to enslavement and its
ownership of Chalcots Estate. We tell these histories with the aim of
beginning a conversation around how to decolonise the way the city is known, linking the histories of the three estates with the colonialities of
property and the welfare state. We do this to reflect on the implications a
decolonial approach may have for new approaches to the history of public
housing and the struggle for its future
Association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and postpartum depression: a study on low-and middle-income countries with insights from Ghanaian healthcare professionals
Full text linkHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and postpartum depression (PPD) are significant global healthchallenges affecting maternal and child well-being. HDP, including pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, andchronic hypertension, complicate up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, with profound implications for maternalmortality, particularly in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) like Ghana. The incidence of HDP is risingglobally, contributing substantially to maternal deaths and severe perinatal outcomes such as stillbirth and low birth weight. Concurrently, perinatal mental health issues, including PPD, affect a significant proportion ofwomen globally, with higher prevalence rates observed in LMICs. Despite the known physiological impacts ofHDP, their association with maternal mental health remains underexplored, especially in LMIC contexts. Asystematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore the association between HDP and PPD inLMICs, focusing on available literature and studies from diverse global settings. Additionally, semi-structuredqualitative interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals in Ghana to gather insights into localperspectives and experiences regarding this association. The systematic review revealed a consistent associationbetween HDP and increased risk of PPD across various LMIC settings. Meta-analysis findings indicated asignificant pooled odds ratio, highlighting a robust statistical linkage between HDP severity and subsequent PPDrisk. Qualitative data underscored healthcare professionals' observations of heightened psychological distressamong women with HDP, emphasizing the complex interplay between physiological complications and maternalmental health outcomes in the Ghanaian context. The study findings underscore the critical need for integratedmaternal health strategies that address both physical and psychological aspects of pregnancy complications likeHDP. By elucidating these connections, the study contributes to advancing evidence-based interventions andsupport systems tailored to LMIC settings, aiming to mitigate adverse maternal mental health outcomes andimprove overall perinatal care in Ghana and similar contexts worldwide. These insights are pivotal for informingpolicy decisions, guiding healthcare practices, and fostering targeted interventions that enhance maternal well-being during the vulnerable perinatal period
Dementia care: a test case for the humanity of AI in health and nursing care
No full textThis chapter explores the situation of people living with dementia as a test case to examine the possibilities for implementing AI in health and social care in a manner that fully respects the humanity of all involved. People living with dementia unfortunately already often experience dehumanising attitudes and (often inadvertently) dehumanising treatment. This means that examining the treatment and care of this particular group may alert us to issues that may be present for others but less visibly so. Moreover, there exists a body of work which attempts to counter dehumanising attitudes and treatment for this group which can be drawn upon in considering the use of AI, and there are many existing and proposed uses of AI for the care and treatment of those living or at risk of dementia. We consider the use of AI in dementia diagnosis, and also draw on ethnographic observations within hospital of the care of people living with dementia, from a team focused upon improving the quality and humanity of care and on understanding the patterns of dehumanisation found on the hospital ward. The hospital can be used as a ‘small society’ to examine institutional forces which affect the provision of care and to identify factors to consider when implementing AI in such a setting. Themes focused on include the observation of people using AI and data; control via AI; and the identification of tasks and goals, as well as the general themes of time and efficiency