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Telepsychiatry for people with intellectual disabilities and mental health difficulties during Covid-19 pandemic: survey of self-reported experience and acceptability to patients, carers and psychiatrists in the UK.
No full textAim: This project sought to ascertain views and experiences of people with intellectual disabilities, their carers’, and specialist intellectual disability psychiatrists as to use of telepsychiatry consultations.
Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic specialist psychiatrists in intellectual disability services in the United Kingdom (UK) have explored and adopted use of telepsychiatry for psychiatric consultations.
Method: An easy-read co-designed questionnaire was sent to potential respondents N = 590 potential respondents (N = 280 patients, N = 280 carers), and a separate questionnaire was sent electronically to N = 30 specialist intellectual disability psychiatrists.
Findings: Responses were received from N = 192 respondents (N = 68 (24%) patients, N = 98 (35%) carers, and N = 26 (90%)) psychiatrists. Advantages of telepsychiatry cited were flexibility, and it being less disruptive to patients’ routines, offering convenient practice and saving travel time and cost. Disadvantages reported included loss of rapport and relationship with patients, and an inability to conduct an effective mental state examination.
Conclusion: This survey has produced equivocal evidence as to acceptability of telepsychiatry for all people with intellectual disabilities, carers and psychiatrists cannot be assumed. Some patients may need significant support to enable them to engage with such an approach
Smart education for people with disabilities (PwDs): conceptual framework for PwDs emotions classification from student utterances (SUs) during online learning
No full textPeople with disabilities (PwDs) encounter numerous educational challenges, including discrimination from peers, lack of trained teachers and effective feedback mechanisms during learning. These challenges become more significant during online learning, where PwDs struggle to interact with the teachers and ask for help or provide feedback related to the content taught and the teaching strategy of the teacher. For effective feedback, emotions play a significant role in any form of interaction, and an online learning platform must be able to react to PwDs' emotional states during learning and interaction sessions. This research aims to develop a meta-emotionally intelligent model for PwDs by enhancing the feedback mechanism of online learning platforms. For this purpose, we have proposed a conceptual framework of the meta-emotional state model that classifies students' emotions using Student Utterances (SUs) collected through Google Meet sessions. This study implemented three supervised Machine Learning classification approaches, i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and AdaBoost, to classify emotions against SUs into 12 different emotion classes. Furthermore, the study experimented with 70 students with a Computer Science degree to analyse the model proficiency. The ML classifiers, SVM, provided 89%, RF 61%, and AdaBoost provided 68% accuracy while classifying SUs. For cross-validation of the classifiers' accuracy, comparative analysis through students' feedback and annotation of the sentences was conducted. The comparative analysis results show that 81.5% of the labels predicted by the ML classifiers were the same as the emotional state annotated by the students. In contrast, 11.73% of the predictions did not match the annotated results
Crisis management
No full textCrisis management is the process through which travel and tourism organisations reactively respond to and recover from hazards and events that disrupt their operations and threaten the achievement of their strategic objectives or even their survival. Crisis management is not risk management, even if in some literature these terms are used interchangeably. Crisis and risk management are two distinct, risk intelligence-based, complementary parts of the same function which aims at strengthening the organisation’s resilience i.e., its ability to deal with and bounce back from adversity. The crisis process is activated when risk management has been proven ineffective in preventing disruption
Wireless Communications for Smart Manufacturing and Industrial IoT: Existing Technologies, 5G and Beyond
Get PDFSmart manufacturing is a vision and major driver for change in today’s industry. The goal of smart manufacturing is to optimize manufacturing processes through constantly monitoring, controlling, and adapting processes towards more efficient and personalised manufacturing. This requires and relies on technologies for connected machines incorporating a variety of computation, sensing, actuation, and machine to machine communications modalities. As such, understanding the change towards smart manufacturing requires knowledge of the enabling technologies, their applications in real world scenarios and the communication protocols and their performance to meet application requirements. Particularly, wireless communication is becoming an integral part of modern smart manufacturing and is expected to play an important role in achieving the goals of smart manufacturing. This paper presents an extensive review of wireless communication protocols currently applied in manufacturing environments and provides a comprehensive review of the associated use cases whilst defining their expected impact on the future of smart manufacturing. Based on the review, we point out a number of open challenges and directions for future research in wireless communication technologies for smart manufacturing
The effects of neighbourhood attachment and built environment on walking and life satisfaction: A case study of Shenzhen
Get PDFAs the most sustainable mode of transport, walking enables people to interact with their environment more intimately. Such close interactions can strengthen pedestrians' place attachment and influence their life satisfaction and well-being. However, the bond between people and their meaningful places has been largely overlooked in walking studies. This study explores the effects of the built environment and neighbourhood attachment on the level of satisfaction for three purposes of walking trips and pedestrians' overall life satisfaction. Applying a mixed-methods design, surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from pedestrians in Shenzhen on their daily walking activities. Hierarchical regression analysis and qualitative thematic analysis were used to analyse the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The findings suggested the effects of built environment on walking satisfaction vary among different purposes of walking, and neighbourhood attachment has significant positive effects on individual's walking satisfaction and life satisfaction. The qualitative findings further explained how neighbourhood attachment could modify individual's perceptions on walking environment and shaped their walking and life satisfaction through connecting pedestrians' feelings, memories, and knowledge of the neighbourhood to their walking experiences. This research extends the current debate on the links between the built environment, neighbourhood attachment and travel satisfaction
Philosophy and the clinic: stigma, respect and shame
Get PDFSince its foundation in 2010, the annual philosophy thematic edition of this journal has been a forum for authors from a wide range of disciplines and backgrounds, enabling contributors to raise questions of an urgent and fundamental nature regarding the most pressing problems facing the delivery and organization of healthcare. Authors have successfully exposed and challenged underlying assumptions that framed professional and policy discourse in diverse areas, generating productive and insightful dialogue regarding the relationship between evidence, value, clinical research and practice. These lively debates continue in this thematic edition, which includes a special section on stigma, shame and respect in healthcare. Authors address the problems with identifying and overcoming stigma in the clinic, interactional, structural and phenomenological accounts of stigma and the ‘stigma‐shame nexus’. Papers examine the lived experience of discreditation, discrimination and degradation in a range of contexts, from the labour room to mental healthcare and the treatment of ‘deviancy’ and ‘looked‐after children’. Authors raise challenging questions about the development of our uses of language in the context of care, and the relationship between stigma, disrespect and important analyses of power asymmetry and epistemic injustice. The relationship between respect, autonomy and personhood is explored with reference to contributions from an important conference series, which includes analyses of shame in the context of medically unexplained illness, humour, humiliation and obstetric violence
Cyber threat actors
Get PDFCyber threat actors (CTAs) are groups or individuals who take advantage of cyber security vulnerabilities in computer networks and low security awareness or negligence in organisations to gain unauthorized access to their information systems and steal or otherwise affect their data and devices. Cyberattacks fall broadly under four categories: geopolitically motivated warfare, ideologically motivated activism, financially motivated crime, and emotionally motivated sabotage. Consequently, CTAs can be classified in state-sponsored actors, activists, cybercriminals, and insiders. This entry defines each one of these CTA types, offering relevant examples of their actions within the hotel, travel and tourism secto
Meta-analysis exploring poststroke aphasia profiles and language recovery
Get PDFStroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and almost 350,000 stroke survivors have aphasia in the UK1. Depending on the severity, aphasia may affect oral communication, auditory, writing, reading comprehension and everyday communication2-3. Long-term communication impairment of up to a year affects almost three quatres of stroke patients and there is limited spontaneous communication recovery after this time2. Although there is a plethora of research on this topic, there is limited research evidence on potential recovery across the various impaired language domains and demography for people affected with aphasia
Effect of high-intensity ultrasonic treatment on the physicochemical, structural, rheological, behavioral, and foaming properties of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.)-seed protein isolates
Get PDFPumpkin-seed protein isolates were treated with high-intensity ultrasound (HIU). The effects of different ultrasound powers at the same treating time on the physicochemical, structure and foaming properties of pumpkin-seed protein isolates (PSPIs) were investigated. The results showed that the ultrasound treatment transformed the PSPI aggregates into smaller aggregates with a more uniform distribution. When the pH value increased, the solubility and foaming ability of the protein also increased significantly. Increasing the ultrasound power also increased the surface hydrophobicity of the PSPIs and the total sulfhydryl contents, while the active sulfhydryl content decreased. The most significant effect on the total sulfhydryl content occurred when 500 W ultrasonic power was used. The ultrasound treatment also had a significant effect on the chromaticity and turbidity of the pumpkin-seed protein isolates. With an increase in ultrasonic power, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the sizes of particles decreased as their distribution increased. Moreover, ultrasound treatment was found to be beneficial for enhancing and improving foaming performance. Ultrasound modification affected the protein's physicochemical properties and structure, which contributed greatly to the corresponding functional and nutritional properties of the protein. It would be, therefore, useful to develop and utilize plant protein and to improve its added-value
Prevalence and determinants of wife-beating in Bangladesh: evidence from a nationwide survey
Get PDFBackground
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health concern, with women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing a disproportionately high burden. This study investigates the prevalence and factors correlated with attitudes regarding wife-beating among Bangladeshi women in urban–rural contexts.
Methods
A sample of 13,033 urban women and 51,344 rural women data from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019 were analyzed using the Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression model.
Results
The findings reveal that arguing with her husband is the widespread reason for wife-beating in Bangladesh (urban: 17.3%, rural: 21.9%), followed by neglecting the children (urban: 12.7%, rural: 15.8%). About 8% of urban women and 10% of rural women favoured the opinion that refusing to involve sexual intercourse is a legitimate justification for wife-beating. In comparison, around 5% feel that a husband has a right to beat his wife due to burning food. The respondents’ age, education, marital status, number of children, socioeconomic level, any health or physical difficulty, having problems becoming pregnant, and the husband’s age are all significant factors in justifying wife-beating.
Conclusions
Bangladesh has a massive challenge in eliminating IPV. Women from lower socioeconomic classes, low levels of education, other challenges, and residents of rural areas are particularly more vulnerable than their urban counterparts. Therefore, it is vital to develop a proper action plan that considers women’s education and occupation to raise awareness of the various implications of wife-beating in women, particularly in Bangladesh’s rural areas