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Using creative, sensory and embodied research methods when working with people with dementia: a method story
Get PDFBackground
People with dementia are often excluded from research due to ethical concerns and a reliance upon conventional research methods which focus on recall and verbal expression.
Methods
Creative, sensory and embodied research methods typically involve techniques that conceptually bring individuals “into” the research, thus affording an expressive capacity that traditional methods do not. This paper details a “method story”, presenting three interlinked cycles of study used to explore the significance of clothing to people with dementia living in a care home. The studies drew upon arts-based and design led practices. This paper details the methods used and the opportunities that they presented when exploring the lived experience of dementia.
Results and Conclusions
Creative, sensory and embodied approaches enabled people with dementia to engage with research, supporting imaginative, spontaneous and flexible participation. This supports the use of novel methods when undertaking research with people who have dementia
Differences in risk factors associated with single and multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition (stunting, wasting or underweight) among children under 5 in Bangladesh: a nationally representative cross-sectional study
Get PDFObjectives The study aims to differentiate the risk factors of single and multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition among children under 5 in Bangladesh.
Design A nationally representative cross-sectional study.
Setting Bangladesh.
Respondents Children age under 5 years of age.
Outcome measure This study considered two dichotomous outcomes: single form (children without single form and with single form) and multiple concurrent forms (children without multiple forms and with multiple forms) of undernutrition.
Statistical analysis Adjusted OR (AOR) and CI of potential risk factors were calculated using logistic regression analysis.
Results Around 38.2% of children under 5 in Bangladesh are suffering from undernutrition. The prevalence of multiple concurrent forms and single form of child undernutrition was 19.3% and 18.9%, respectively. The key risk factors of multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition were children born with low birth weight (AOR 3.76, 95% CI 2.78 to 5.10); children in the age group 24–35 months (AOR 2.70, 95% CI 2.20 to 3.30) and in the lowest socioeconomic quintile (AOR 2.57, 95% CI 2.05 to 3.23). In contrast, those children in the age group 24–35 months (AOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.61 to 2.34), in the lowest socioeconomic quintile (AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.21) and born with low birth weight (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.08) were significantly associated with a single form of undernutrition. Parental education, father’s occupation, children’s age and birth order were the differentiating risk factors for multiple concurrent forms and single form of undernutrition.
Conclusion One-fifth of children under 5 years of age are suffering multiple concurrent forms of undernutrition, which is similar to the numbers suffering the single form. Parental education, father’s occupation, children’s age and birth order disproportionately affect the multiple concurrent forms and single form of undernutrition, which should be considered to formulate an evidence-based strategy for reducing undernutrition among these children
Nutrition and hydration for older adults living with dementia in care
Get PDFUndernutrition and dehydration in older adults is of concern for healthcare professionals as well as the individuals and their families. The consequences of undernutrition, which are serious in all ages, however they are especially prominent in the older population. Being generally more vulnerable as well as not being able to recover promptly, older people are at higher risk of falls, more frequent and longer hospital stays, increased infections as well as increased risk of dying. Reduced appetite and thirst along with physical and cognitive impairments can make it difficult for older people to consume sufficient amount of food and fluids. The subsequent adverse events such as falls or infections can further influence nutritional status, creating a vicious cycle of undernutrition and disease. Once established, the cycle is almost impossible to escape. This is a major public concern, not only because quality of life is compromised for those affected but also due to the economic impact that these events have on society.
Due to numerous functional and physiological alterations associated with age, older people frequently do not consume sufficient amounts of food and fluid and the diet is usually of poor quality. As a result, the prevalence of macro- and micronutrient undernutrition is high in both free-living and institutionalised older adults. It is estimated that prevalence of protein energy malnutrition may be as high as 15% in community dwelling older people, 25-65% in care home residents and 35-65% in older hospital patients. Early detection of undernutrition may be difficult because it cannot rely solely on anthropometric measurements and needs consideration of other factors. BMI for instance, is an established marker for nutritional status in younger populations but is not useful when assessing nutritional status in older persons. Sarcopenic obesity, which is a common problem within clinical setting and is especially prevalent in older patients, gives the impression that the person is over-nourished due to increased amount of fat mass but is in fact a type of undernutrition arising from an extensive muscle wastage caused by protein deficiency. This type of undernutrition usually occurs as a result of an acute decrease in food intake e.g., due to a sudden illness or food withdrawal. Recovering the muscle mass in older people is difficult, if not impossible in some circumstances. Chronic undernutrition on the other hand depletes all energy stores, leaving a person with little fat and muscle reserves. At this stage, micronutrient deficiencies are also common. People with dementia are particularly vulnerable to chronic undernutrition because they may forget to eat or they may lose the skills necessary for feeding, e.g. how to use the eating utensils
AI in media & technology sector: opportunities, risks, requirements and recommendations
No full textAs AI systems increasingly pervade modern society and lead to manifold and diverse consequences, the development of internationally recognized and industry-specific frameworks focusing on legal and ethical principles is crucial. This report aims at (a) understanding how the 7 Key Requirements for Trustworthy AI impact the Media and Technology sector (MTS) and at (b) putting forward guidelines to ensure compliance with the 7 Key Requirements.
The report identifies four application areas of AI MTS, i.e. automating data capture and processing, automating content generation, automating content mediation and automating communication. Subsequently, the 7 Key Requirements are discussed within each of the four identified themes. Ultimately, recommendations are made to ensure that AI development and adoption in Media and Technology sector is compliant with the 7 Key Requirements. Three clusters of recommendations are proposed: (1) addressing data power and positive obligations, (2) empowerment by design and risk assessments and (3) cooperative responsibility and stakeholder engagements
Teachers’ perceptions of the impact of technology on children and young people's emotions and behaviours
Get PDFThe development of new technology and the central role it plays in current times has allowed an increasing number of children and young people (CYP) to use it on a daily basis for academic, entertainment, and socialisation purposes. Although the role of technology in affecting CYP's mental health and education is well researched, there is a need to investigate the teacher perspective, considering educators’ pivotal role in supporting CYP's wellbeing and learning. Understanding the teacher perspective can provide important information about practical issues surrounding the use of technology in education and can provide insights into how their practices are affected by their views. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate teachers’ views on how use of technology affects CYP's emotions and behaviours. An exploratory, qualitative research approach was taken, and semi-structured interview data was collected from eight teachers and analysed thematically. The results suggested teachers recognised the importance of technology as a learning and teaching tool, as long as it is used in a balanced way; there was also a consensus on the negative consequences of the ‘socioeconomic digital divide’ on CYP's emotions and behaviours. However, they held conflicting opinions on issues related to the impact of technology on socialisation processes, self-esteem, and the demonstration of specific behaviours like social isolation. Teachers’ perceptions can inform strategies for using technology effectively in the classroom and for supporting CYP's mental health and wellbeing, which, now more than ever, should be at the forefront of whole-school approaches
Usefulness design goals of occupational mHealth apps for healthcare workers
Get PDFTo improve healthcare professionals health and wellbeing at work, many available effective treatments including meditation, and workplace intervention, have been developed. However, the utilisation of these interventions is still limited. Currently, various mobile health applications (mHealth Apps) exist to assist a wide range of users with different occupational health issues, such as stress, anxiety, and burnout. Despite their advantages, post-download uptake of mHealth apps by end-users remains low. Some of the reasons for this are poor usability, irrelevant or missing user-desired features, and poor user experience. This review paper explores the usefulness of mHealth Apps to support occupational ill-health in healthcare workers. To achieve this, we developed a conceptual framework that identifies relevant usability, utility, and user experience design goals that enhance the usefulness of such mHealth apps. This paper presents a review of the literature combined with a proposed framework that identifies design goals proven to be relevant or often lacking. The review shows that occupational mHealth apps rarely fit end users’ backgrounds, work contexts, and dynamics. In turn, these identified design goals will be used as assessment points with end-users in subsequent stages of our project. Expected results at the end of the project will provide an enhanced understanding of usefulness design goals that contribute to the long-term use and adoption of these apps
The assessment and management of hypergranulation
Get PDFWound healing follows a process of four distinct phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and maturation. Problems can arise in any of these phases, delaying the wound process. Hypergranulation (also known as overgranulation) during the proliferation phase occurs when granulation tissue over grows beyond the wound surface. Such wounds have a discoloured, raised or swollen appearance and bleed easily. The cause may be infection, the effects of friction on the wound area, nutritional deficit or stress. Treatments will depend on the cause. There is a lack of studies on treatments for hypergranulaton and more research is required
