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Security in Network Services Delivery for 5G Enabled D2D Communications: Challenges and Solutions
No full textDue to the increasing data traffic in mobile network, fifth generation (5G) will use Device to Device (D2D) communications as the underlay technology to offload traffic from the 5G core network (5GC) and push content to the edge closer to the users by taking advantage of proximity and storage features of User Equipment (UE). This will be supported by Networks Services (NS) provided by 5G, it will also enable new use cases that will provide the accessibility to other services in the Home network (HN) and third-party service provider (SP). Mobile Network Operators (MNO) will use NS such as D2D communications and content-centric networking (CCN) to deliver content-based services efficiently to UE. Both D2D and CCN have known security issues and their integration brings new security challenges. In this article, we present an integrated network service delivery (NSD) framework for 5G enabled D2D communications that leverages on NS for service discovery, content delivery, and protection of data. We also present a comprehensive investigation of security and privacy in D2D communications and service-oriented network, highlighting the vulnerabilities and threats on the network. We also evaluate the security requirements of NSD to deliver NS securely to D2D users based on X.805 security framework using the eight security dimensions and level abstraction approach for a systematic and comprehensive approach. Finally, we recommend security solution approaches for the secure NS access and sharing of data between users in 5G enabled D2D communications network
Needs of older persons living in long-term care institutions: on the usefulness of cluster approach
Get PDFBackground
Long-term care units’ residents do not constitute a homogeneous population. Providing effective care, tailored to individual needs, is crucial in this context. It can be facilitated by suitable tools and methods, which include needs assessment along with the physical, psychological and social aspects of care. We thus applied a cluster approach to identify their putative groupings to enable the provision of tailored care.
Methods
The needs of 242 residents of care homes in four Polish cities (Poznan, Wroclaw, Bialystok and Lublin), aged 75–102 years (184 females), with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥ 15 points, were assessed with the CANE (Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly) questionnaire. Their independence in activities of daily living was evaluated by the Barthel Index (BI), and symptoms of depression by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The results of MMSE, BI and GDS were selected as variables for K-means cluster analysis.
Results
Cluster 1 (C1), n = 83, included subjects without dementia according to MMSE (23.7 ± 4.4), with no dependency (BI = 85.8 ± 14.4) and no symptoms of depression (GDS = 3.3 ± 2.0). All subjects of cluster 2 (C2), n = 87, had symptoms of depression (GDS = 8.9 ± 2.1), and their MMSE (21.0 ± 4.0) and BI (79.8 ± 15.1) were lower than those in C1 (p = 0.006 and p = 0.046, respectively). Subjects of cluster 3 (C3), n = 72, had the lowest MMSE (18.3 ± 3.1) and BI (30.6 ± 18,8, p < 0.001 vs. C1 & C2). Their GDS (7.6 ± 2.3) were higher than C1 (p < 0.001) but lower than C2 (p < 0.001). The number of met needs was higher in C2 than in C1 (10.0 ± 3.2 vs 8.2 ± 2.7, p < 0.001), and in C3 (12.1 ± 3.1) than in both C1 and C2 (p < 0.001). The number of unmet needs was higher in C3 than in C1 (1.2 ± 1.5 vs 0.7 ± 1.0, p = 0.015). There were also differences in the patterns of needs between the clusters.
Conclusions
Clustering seems to be a promising approach for use in long-term care, allowing for more appropriate and optimized care delivery. External validation studies are necessary for generalized recommendations regarding care optimization in various regional perspectives
Science and experience: repairing a fractured medicine
Get PDFMilgrom is right to identify scientism as a major influence on both current medical practice and education. Whatever its advantages with regard to focusing attention in particular areas of study, a theoretical framework that renders the previously straightforward inherently problematic is clearly not an unequivocal advance. Scientism fractures the subject of proper medical attention. To repair the fracture, we need a revised conception of medical and scientific reasoning which understands the latter as an aspect of a broader, humanistic conception of reasoning
Interactive POS-aware network for aspect-level sentiment classification
Get PDFExisting aspect-level sentiment-classification models completely rely on the learning from given data-sets. However, these are easily misled by biased samples, resulting in learning some ill-suited rules that limit their potential. The information of some specific part-of-speech (POS) categories often indicates theword sentiment polarity, which can be introduced as prior knowledge to facilitate prediction of themodel. Accordingly, we propose an interactive POS-aware network (IPAN) that explicitly introducesthe POS information as reliable guidance to assist the model in accurately predicting sentiment polarity.We distinguish the information of different POS categories using a POS-filter gate and reinforce the fea-tures extracted from adjectives, adverbs, and verbs via a POS-highlighting attention mechanism. Thisenables the model to concentrate on the words that contain significant sentiment orientations and toobtain the most practical learning experience. To emphasize the target information, we construct atarget-context gate that enables the interaction of the target information with contexts; consequently,the model considerably focuses on target-related sentiment features. The experiments onSemEval2014 and Twitter datasets verify that our IPAN consistently outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods
The mediating influence of motivation on microcredit training and capital creation
Get PDFSince many lives and livelihoods have been devastated by Covid-19 in 2020, microcredit provides loans to the poor who do not qualify for traditional bank loans has become an important aid for poverty reduction. This study investigates how microcredit training creates capital for microcredit borrowers both directly and through motivation. Using Ability, motivation and opportunity (AMO) theory it also demonstrates how sociodemographic features impact their training, motivation, and capital creation. Using stratified random sampling, 364 pieces of data were gathered from a microcredit institute operating in the northern region of Bangladesh. A series of statistical analyses were used, such as Cronbach’s alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the structural equation model. The results show that microcredit training directly affects borrowers’ capital creation, while borrowers’ motivation mediates the relationship between microcredit training and their capital creation. In addition, training has a significant effect on borrowers’ motivation, and borrowers’ motivation has a direct effect on capital creation. Furthermore, a high standard of education was found to be a positive factor in influencing the training of borrowers, their motivation, and their capital creation. The findings will help the government, concerned organizations, and decision-makers to improve their policies and programs for alleviating poverty and generating rural employment in Bangladesh. This study makes a significant contribution to these aims by applying the effect of AMO theory in microcredit research that has previously been unexplored
Becoming Plant: a supplement to Roger Caillois' compendium of 'le fantastique naturel'
No full textThe French sociologist and Surrealist renegade Roger Caillois is known for his writings on mimicry. Caillois defines mimicry as a "dangerous luxury of nature", thus setting himself apart from Darwinian evolutionary theory and siding with a Bataillian transgressive understanding of expenditure. In his invoking of insect life forms and their behaviours and transformations, Caillois sought to challenge and re-write biological received wisdom. This essay examines an example from the insect and plant domain, the dongchong xiaocao, which would have intrigued Caillois and it uses this surmise to re-assess Caillois' contribution to contemporary thought
Novel perspectives in the monitoring of transport infrastructures by sentinel-1 and cosmo-skymed multi-temporal SAR interferometry
Get PDFIn recent years, successful applications of the Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) for the monitoring of subsidence and deformations in transport infrastructures have been reported in the literature. The main advantage of this technique compared to other non-destructive surveying methodologies is in the possibility to perform fast network-level surveys as well as the provision of time-series of the displacements by multi-temporal data acquisitions. Given the medium ground resolution, C-band imagery are usually not employed for structural transport infrastructure monitoring as it is considered unlikely to obtain sufficiently accurate information. However, this has not been thoroughly investigated until now. This study presents a novel approach for transport assets monitoring, based on the synergistic use of medium resolution (C-Band) and high resolution (X-Band) SAR imagery. To this effect, a multi-temporal SAR Interferometry analysis of high and medium-resolution datasets is performed on a runway of the Leonardo Da Vinci Airport in Rome, Italy. The data were acquired by the Sentinel-1A and the COSMO-SkyMed missions, respectively. A comparison between the results from medium and high-resolution datasets demonstrates the viability of using multi-frequency SAR imagery, and pave the way to the development of new methodologies for the monitoring of transport infrastructures
The COVID crisis – ‘Academic firefighting’
Get PDFTeaching exchange programmes involving United Kingdom Higher Education delivered in the People’s Republic of China were directly impacted by Covid-19, requiring the immediate adoption of alternative plans of delivery for both teaching and assessment. In examining the impact this reflective analysis suggests that in a global crisis the educational world becomes a smaller more unified place of collective cross border experience
Researching school leadership in the time of Covid-19
Get PDFAs a PhD researcher conducting educational research in schools, I thought I’d take this opportunity to emphasise the importance of research in our schools and share the impact of Covid-19 on my doctoral research