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Humans, machines and decisions: clinical reasoning in the age of artificial intelligence, evidence-based medicine and Covid-19
Get PDFThis thematic philosophy edition of the journal brings together a range of papers addressing fundamental questions about the nature and value of clinical practice in rapidly changing and deeply challenging times. As practitioners across the world are confronting the issues of how to deliver care, establish meaningful relationships with patients and their families, and how to understand, correctly characterise and analyse the complex problems of individuals in the context of PPE, social distancing and remote access, authors look at the developing relationship between technical and humanistic features of care
A systematic review of usefulness design goals of occupational mobile health apps for healthcare workers
Get PDFTo improve healthcare professionals´ health and wellbeing at work, many available effective treatments including meditation, and workplace intervention, have been developed. However, the utilisation of these interventions is still limited. Currently, various mobile health applications (mHealth Apps) exist to help a wide range of users with different occupational health issues, such as stress, anxiety, and burnout. Despite their advantages, post-download uptake of mHealth apps by end-users remains low. Some of the reasons for this are poor usability, irrelevant or missing user-desired features, and poor user experience. This review paper explores the usefulness of mHealth Apps for the early detection of occupational-related ill-health among healthcare workers. Science Direct, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, and SAGE Journal were searched comprehensively to identify relevant research articles. A total of 9546 reviewed papers were primarily identified through the systematic search on the databases. 2546 articles were removed from them, by duplication check on a RefWorks software. Titles and abstract screening of the remaining 126 led to 50 relevant articles being selected for full text screening. Of these 76 were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Finally, 19 articles were selected for a final inclusion to identify the relevant usefulness design goals, including usability, utility and user experience, deemed as critical for apps’ adoption and use. These goals include provide contextually relevant information, which is easy to understand for usability; support self-help guidance and in-depth knowledge for occupational health and wellbeing for utility: reinforced trust and perceived security in m-Health apps for user experience
Surveillance and prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from public settings within urban built environments: challenges and opportunities for hygiene and infection control
Get PDFAntimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria present one of the biggest threats to public health; this must not be forgotten while global attention is focussed on the COVID-19 pandemic. Resistant bacteria have been demonstrated to be transmittable to humans in many different environments, including public settings in urban built environments where high-density human activity can be found, including public transport, sports arenas and schools. However, in comparison to healthcare settings and agriculture, there is very little surveillance of AMR in the built environment outside of healthcare settings and wastewater. In this review, we analyse the existing literature to aid our understanding of what surveillance has been conducted within different public settings and identify what this tells us about the prevalence of AMR. We highlight the challenges that have been reported; and make recommendations for future studies that will help to fill knowledge gaps present in the literature
Alcohol and mental health: co-occurring alcohol use and mental health disorders
Get PDFThere is a strong link between alcohol use and mental health, yet research often fails to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex interaction between the two aspects. In relation to treatment, alcohol and mental health services often work in a disjointed manner; likewise, policies and guidelines for the two sectors are generally developed in isolation from one another. The result of this silo mentality is that the needs of individuals with comorbid alcohol and mental health disorders, commonly referred to as “Dual Diagnosis”, are often unmet, leading to serious harmful consequences for the affected individuals, their families and society as a whole. This generates further stigma and isolation for an already vulnerable and high-risk population. The present Chapter provides an overview of the epidemiology, and the main etiological theories of co-occurring Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) and Mental Health Disorders (MHD). It is hoped that this chapter can inform treatment and policies for this population
Resilience and stress management amongst corporate security managers: a hybrid approach to thematic analysis
Get PDFPurpose: To examine the experience of stress by corporate security managers in the United Kingdom and how they manage it.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative approach was adopted where in-depth semi-structured one-to-one interviews with 22 male participants were conducted as the method of data collection. This was analysed using Hybrid Thematic Analysis.
Findings: Three over-arching themes were elicited, namely:“Resilience”, “Synergy”, and “Work/life balance”. The outcome showed that stress management by security managers is moulded by an interaction of various facets, with an emphasis on “resilience” having 66% of content occurrence, a factor which complements and enriches the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) theoretical framework (Johnson and Hall, 1988).
Practical Implications: The paper argues the importance of the interaction between resilience and the dimensions of the JDCS. The research indicates the interaction is important in how practitioners can develop interventions in reducing stress in the workplace.
Social Implications: This research outcome implies that employees in managerial positions should be provided with resilience assessment and training to enhance their job effectiveness and well-being. Resilience needs to be recognised as an important trainable skill and stress management training should emphasise the enhancement of resilience.
Originality/Value: This type of qualitative investigation on the lived experiences of stress management and how this affected one’s resilience’s in a high stress industry is innovative, as past research is mostly quantitative
Trends and projections of under-5 mortality in Bangladesh including the effects of maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and use of healthcare services
Get PDFObjective
This study examines trends and puts forward projections of under-5 mortality (U5M) in Bangladesh and identifies the effects of maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and use of healthcare services.
Methods
Data from seven waves of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (1994–2014) were analyzed for trends and projections of U5M and a Chi-square (χ2) test was used to identify if there was any association with maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and use of healthcare services. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the effects of fertility behaviors and healthcare usage on the occurrence of U5M adjusting with confounders.
Results
U5M declined from 82.5 to 41.0 per 1000 livebirths during 1994–2014 and is projected to further reduce to 17.6 per 1000 livebirths by 2030. The study identified a noticeable regional variation in U5M with maternal high-risk fertility behaviours including age at birth <18 years (aOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.23–2.76) and birth interval <24 months (aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02–2.37) found to be significant determinants. There was a 39–53% decline in this rate of mortality among women that had used antenatal care services at least four times (aOR, 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27–0.97), delivery care (aOR, 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24–0.95), and had received postnatal care (aOR, 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41–0.91) in their last birth. Cesarean section was found to be associated with a 51% reduction in U5M (aOR, 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29–0.82) compared to its non-use.
Conclusion
The Sustainable Development Goals require a U5M rate of 25 per 1000 livebirths to be achieved by 2030. This study suggests that with the current trend of reduction, Bangladesh will achieve this target before the deadline. This study also found that maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and non-use of maternal healthcare services are very prevalent in some regions of Bangladesh and have increased the occurrence of U5M in those areas. This suggests therefore, that policies and programmes designed to reduce the pregnancy rates of women that are at risk and to encourage an increase in the use of maternal healthcare services are needed
Researching education & mental health: from ‘where are we now?’ to ‘what next?’
Get PDFThe BERA Bites series presents selected articles from the BERA blog on key topics in education, presented in an easily printable and digestible format to serve as teaching and learning resources for students and professionals in education. Each collection features an introduction by editors with expertise in the field, and each article includes questions for discussion, composed by the authors, prompting readers to further explore the ideas and arguments put forward in the original articles. This edition of BERA Bites presents a collection of papers from the July 2019 Mental Health, Wellbeing and Education SIG conference: 'Researching Education & Mental Health: From ‘Where Are We Now?’ to ‘What Next?’ - first presented as a special issue of the BERA Blog, and features ground-breaking projects supporting mental health and wellbeing in education as well as showcasing some of the latest studies to emerge, collectively helping to steer the research agenda in this crucial area
Health and wellbeing of indigenous older adults living in the tea gardens of Bangladesh
Get PDFBackground
There are currently 1.5 million indigenous people in Bangladesh, constituting 1.8% of the total population and representing one of the country’s most deprived communities. This study explores the health status and quality of life along with their determinants among indigenous older people in Bangladesh in order to fill the knowledge and evidence gap on this topic.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was deployed in October 2019 in the Sylhet division of Bangladesh which involved a cross-sectional survey among 400 indigenous older adults (200 males, 200 females) from 8 tea gardens using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Ten in-depth interviews were also conducted with providers of the tea garden health facilities. Descriptive analysis, multiple logistic and multi-nominal linear regression were performed to explore associated factors around health and quality of life.
Results
Of the total respondents, the majority (79.5%) had chronic diseases, with visual difficulty being predominant (74%) among the conditions. Almost all (94%) of the respondents experienced delays in receiving treatment and poverty was identified by most (85%) as the primary cause of those delays. Extreme age, being male, living alone and low family income were significantly associated with suffering from chronic conditions. Furthermore, having a chronic condition and extreme age were found to be significantly associated with a low quality of life. Health service providers identified lack of logistical support in the health facilities, the economic crisis and lack of awareness as the major causes of poor health status and poor health seeking behaviour of the indigenous older adults.
Conclusion
Indigenous older men in extreme old age are more vulnerable to adverse health conditions and poor quality of life. Health literacy and health seeking behaviour is poor among indigenous older adults generally and there is a huge gap in the health services and social supports available to them
The impact of camera angles in learning videos on the perception of teaching excellence and emotional connectedness of students in the creative industries
Get PDFWith the use of learning videos in higher education (HE) on the rise, and an increased importance assigned to the perception of teaching excellence by students in the United Kingdom (UK) and worldwide, this paper considers the impact of camera angles on students’ perception of teaching excellence and students’ emotional connectedness. Two focus groups comprising undergraduate students studying full time in subjects of the creative industries watched and discussed two videos with identical content (a presenter, presenting) but different camera angles – low-shot versus eye-level. The videos were provided as part of the course materials. The responses elicited in the focus groups suggest that an eye-level camera shot positively affects student perception of the presenter’s credibility, goodwill and professionalism in learning videos. At the same time, findings call into question the suitability of presenter-focused learning videos altogether for the teaching of creative industries subjects in HE, since students perceive that they lack sufficient presenter sparkle to enthuse, motivate and engage their audience
A teacher's guide to musical theatre
No full textAre you a teacher of musical theatre who struggles to plan and construct lessons? Are you looking for a structured approach to teaching musical theatre to students of all abilities? Do you know your Ivor Novello from your Stephen Sondheim?
Despite being one of the most popular forms of performance study, Musical Theatre is often the most difficult to teach due to its part-practical and part-academic approach. With few books on the market directly aimed at teachers, it can be a challenging and daunting task to devise a course of study that takes in the history of the form as well as considering the wider aspects that come together to make a successful musical.
A Teacher's Guide to Musical Theatre enables teachers to plan and deliver courses in Musical Theatre with confidence and flair. The unique structure of the chapters guides teachers through key facts and concepts in musical theatre history and offers practical in-class activities for students. From topics for class discussion and essay assignments to journal entries and portfolios to sample test questions, this book is full of practical advice from experienced teachers in the field which make it the idea companion for teachers and instructors on diploma and degree-level courses, as well as those devising courses in part-time performing arts schools.
Devised to provide sufficient engaging and inspirational material for an initial term or semester, the book establishes the principles of teaching this relatively new subject and encourages teachers to extend much further into the subject. From The Mikado to Hamilton and everything in between, this book breaks down decades of history into appropriately sized lessons, designed to give students a rounded survey of the subject and an understanding of how musicals work. Offering expert guidance to those with varied fields of expertise and practical experience but limited teaching experience, this book is the only existing guide to structured and stimulating practice