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International society of sport psychology position stand: mental health through occupational health and safety in high performance sport
Get PDFThere is considerable attention devoted to athlete mental health in high-performance sport. The International Society of Sport Psychology seeks to extend this discourse by expanding the discussion through a lens of occupational health and safety (OHS). Drawing upon knowledge from OHS, the authors have considered existing mental health challenges as well as proactive and reactive strategies conducive of athlete safety. This Position Stand is structured into four sections. The authors introduce OHS and its relevance to high-performance sport in section one. Section two focuses on athlete mental health and the need for an OHS approach within sport organisations. Section three is focused particularly on athlete safety in relation to high-performance youth athletes. The fourth and final section is a broader ideological discussion of how OHS might vary in approach based on national sport systems and cultural orientation
Older adults’ vigorous occupational physical activity levels in six countries are explained by country and ‘having multiple jobs’
Get PDFSeveral studies have compared physical activity (PA) levels between countries, but none of these studies focused on older adults and occupational PA. This study aimed to assess potential inequalities in older adults’ occupational PA across six countries and to ascertain whether having multiple jobs is a factor that interacts with country of residence to modify inequalities. This study adopted a cross-sectional design with a statistical technique screening for potential covariates. Older adults (mean age = 64 years; range = 50–114 years) from six countries (Russia, Mexico, China, India, Ghana, and South Africa) participated in the study. We utilised data from the first wave of the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE). These data were collected from 2007 to 2010. A random sample of 34,114 older adults completed the survey. We analysed the data with a two-way multivariate analysis of variance after screening for the ultimate covariates. There were differences in occupational PA levels (i.e., vigorous and moderate PA) among the six countries. Occupational PA levels were not significantly associated with having multiple jobs. However, having multiple jobs interacted with country of residence to influence vigorous occupational PA. Older adults from most countries who had more than one job reported more vigorous occupational PA. Older adults’ occupational PA differed among the six countries, and having multiple jobs was associated with more vigorous occupational PA. Older adults who keep multiple jobs at a time may be more active than their counterparts who had one job or were unemployed
Understanding qualitative and community indicators of poverty for national health insurance scheme exemptions in Ghana
Get PDFThe exemptions of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) for poor people in Ghana have not been sufficiently explored. Using a qualitative approach that involved gathering and analysing viewpoints from the community, this paper investigates the factors that are used to determine NHIS exemptions in Ghana. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews of key informants (KIs) were conducted during the period (August 2015 to August 2016) within the Ashanti and Greater Accra regions in Ghana. Nine FGDs were conducted in nine different communities with 72 respondents. Nine KIs, including local and national policy-makers, civil servants and local community members were also interviewed. A sampling method was adopted to capture a range of understandings of community indicators of poverty for NHIS exemptions. Community perceptions of the indicators of poverty included interconnected themes of income, employment, education, assets, and social marginalisation. The findings highlight contextual and community descriptions associated with exemptions, of which poverty is a predictor, and discovered that to identify the indigent for exemptions based only on income and quantitative measures is not enough. The results are significant for a number of reasons including poor fit with official measures and the neglect of lay perspectives. For practice implications, our findings show that communities should be principal stakeholders for describing the disadvantaged groups that require exemptions
The connectome from the cerebral cortex to skeletal muscle using viral transneuronal tracers: a review
Get PDFConnectomics has developed from an initial observation under an electron microscope to the present wellknown medical imaging research approach. The emergence of the most popular transneuronal tracers has further advanced connectomics research. Researchers use the virus trans-nerve tracing method to trace the whole brain, mark the brain nerve circuit and nerve connection structure, and construct a complete nerve conduction pathway. This review assesses current methods of studying cortical to muscle connections using viral neuronal tracers and demonstrates their application in disease diagnosis and prognosis
"The era of ferment": how practitioners and educators frame HCI
Get PDFThis study examined various roles in HCI and incongruences between practitioners’ and educators’ perceptions and experiences. The incongruences are articulated through the conceptual lens of Technological Frames (TF), which are evidenced by shared understanding of theory, practice, and a common approach to practice. We conducted 21 interviews with HCI practitioners, educators, and people who both practice and teach. We adopted a template analysis approach with matrix queries to identify similarities and distinctions between the different TFs of these roles. Our findings include incongruences between these roles in how they frame and elicit users’ mental models, how they define HCI success, and their levels of enthusiasm for HCI. Congruence was found in framing communication skills, collaboration, and creativity. We contribute proposals for new requirements to frames and skills within HCI curricula that may help close the gap between education and practice. We conclude that despite some convergence across and within groups, perceptions of the HCI field are still unstable, resembling an “era of ferment.
Reinforced Concrete Design with Stainless Steel
Get PDFIn the design of reinforced concrete structures, the bond property is crucial. This is important for achieving the composite action between the two materials constituents, allowing loads to be efficiently transmitted. The higher strain hardening and ductility capacity of stainless steel over mild steel are one of its major benefits. International design codes, such as Eurocode 2, do not provide a separate design model for concrete structures with stainless reinforcing bars. The background paper to Eurocode 2 highlighted that there is no technical reason of why the Eurocode 2 design model cannot be used in conjunction with other types of reinforcement, provided allowance is made for their properties and behaviour. While this notion is valid when using a mild steel reinforcing bar, it produces erroneous results when a stainless reinforcing bar with a lap splice is used in a reinforced concrete section. Even though there has been a large number of studies on the behaviour of structure with stainless steel in recent years, most of it has been on plain stainless-steel members rather than reinforced concrete or stainless-steel reinforced concrete with lap splice. As a result,
the purpose of this chapter is to evaluate and compare the behaviour of stainless and mild steel reinforced concrete with and without lap splices
An experimental food label applied to food served at a school (aged 11–18 years) in Greater London and its influence on adolescent food choices
Get PDFAdolescent obesity is more prevalent in the United Kingdom (UK) than in almost any other higher income nation. Providing nutritional information in the form of a food label is one strategy that has the potential to reduce obesity because it offers informed choices. School food can theoretically provide a third of an adolescent's daily calorie intake, yet food served in schools in England has no labelling to guide pupils to the healthiest food choices on offer.
This is a pragmatic study, which designed and applied an experimental food label in the form of a nutritional ‘food score’ to the food on offer to pupils aged 11–18 years in a school in Greater London. Quantitative survey data was collected at three time points for a total of nine weeks to explore if the food label influenced adolescents to select healthier food options in real time data. In addition, data from a food choice questionnaire identified which factors adolescents ranked as having the greatest influence on their food choice behaviour.
The results indicated that with the application of the experimental food label there was no significant change in actual food selected. The factors that adolescents ranked the highest in terms of influencing their food choices were taste, hunger, price, health, appearance, smell, and food that keeps them awake. The factor that adolescents unanimously ranked as not affecting their food choices was the influence of friends
Only time will tell: unraveling the temporal effect of negative affective encounters in diaspora tourism
Get PDFRecently, researchers have begun to investigate the role of negative encounters, emotions and feelings in tourism and leisure activities. However, the temporal effects of negative encounters are still underexplored. This research consists of two studies that were conducted longitudinally. Study one investigated the overall visiting experience of 50 multi-generational Chinese diaspora tourists; study two interviewed 22 former participants who touched on negative experiences in their ancestral hometown eight years ago. Three scenarios of how these tourists re-interpreted negative affective encounters were identified. The findings suggest diaspora tourists’ perceptions of negative encounters transform over time, depending on their life trajectory, earlier experiences, attitudes, further exposures to Chinese culture and values, and the meanings they obtained from their negative encounters. This research is among the first to examine the temporal effects of negative experiences longitudinally, opening up for future considerations of the temporal contingencies of negative encounters in the tourism experience
Diaspora tourism
No full textThe Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing is, quite simply, the definitive reference work in the field. Carefully curated by leading tourism scholar Dimitrios Buhalis, this is the largest tourism management and marketing ontology that has ever been put together and offers a holistic examination of this interdisciplinary field.
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An invaluable resource for academics, students and practitioners providing an ideal starting point for any research journey. The concise entries present an accessible and condensed overview of each topic and the selected references that follow each entry suggest directions for further detailed exploration
The role of fatty acid metabolism in drug tolerance of mycobacterium tuberculosis
Get PDFMycobacterium tuberculosis can cocatabolize a range of carbon sources.Fatty acids are among the carbons available inside the host’s macrophages. Here, we investigated the metabolic changes of the fatty acid-induced dormancy-like state of M. tuberculosis and its involvement in the acquisition of drug tolerance. We conducted metabolomics profiling using a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)-deficient M. tuberculosis strain in an acetate-induced dormancy-like state, highlighting an overaccumulation of methylcitrate cycle (MCC) intermediates that correlates with enhanced drug tolerance against isoniazid and bedaquiline. Further metabolomics analyses of two M. tuberculosis mutants, an ICL knockdown (KD) strain and PrpD knockout (KO) strain, each lacking an MCC enzyme—isocitrate lyase (ICL) and 2-methylcitrate dehydratase (PrpD), respectively—were conducted after treatment with antibiotics. The ICL KD strain, which lacks the last enzyme of the MCC, showed an overaccumulation of MCC intermediates and a high level of drug tolerance. The PrpD KO strain, however, failed to accumulate MCC intermediates as it lacks the second step of the MCC and showed only a minor level of drug tolerance compared to the ICL KD mutant and its parental strain (CDC1551). Notably, addition of authentic 2-methylisocitrate, an MCC intermediate, improved the M. tuberculosis drug tolerance against antibiotics even in glycerol medium. Furthermore, wild-type M. tuberculosis displayed levels of drug tolerance when cultured in acetate medium significantly greater than those in glycerol medium. Taken together, the fatty acid-induced dormancy-like state remodels the central carbon metabolism of M. tuberculosis that is functionally relevant to acquisition of M. tuberculosis drug tolerance