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ON COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC COMPLEXITY OF ALBANIAN AND SOUTH SLAVIC DIALECTS
Full text linkThe article discusses approaches to the measurement and comparative study of linguistic
complexity of the Balkan dialects, genetically related to different languages. At this
stage Albanian and South Slavic dialects were considered. Based on dialect descriptions
and atlases, 948 South Slavic and 131 Albanian locations in the Balkan Peninsula were
surveyed. Significant differences between the tentative “common Albanian” and “common
Slavic” states, taken as reference points for measuring complexity, and differences
between dialectal phenomena relevant for modern Albanian and South Slavic varieties,
make the creation of a single list of features a non-trivial task. Thus the paper attempts a
comparative study of complexity using two lists compiled independently for Albanian and
for South Slavic and including 27 unmatching binary features each. All features reflect the
“grammatical” complexity of language system (inventory of phonemes and grammemes,
number of inflectional classes, etc.). Relative complexity or simplicity is seen as not only a
static characteristic of modern dialects, but also a result of simplifying and complexifying
innovations that developed in different historical periods, and preservation of the “inherited”
complexity from “common Albanian” and “common Slavic”. This approach allows
us to confirm the assumption that language contact can lead to both simplification and
complexification and to postulate different paths of contact development for Albanian
and South Slavic dialect zones. Contacts in the Albanian-speaking area are always associated
with simplification, while South Slavic demonstrates a trend towards simplification,
with the exception of Western Macedonian, where high complexity results from many
contact-induced complexifying innovations. Refs 10.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 19-18-00244,
https://rscf.ru/project/19-18-00244/, https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-35008/
SERPENT/DRAGON IN PLATO-ARISTOTELIAN POLEMICS OF THE 15TH CENTURY
Full text linkThe serpent or dragon and its fight with the dragonslayer is a traditional mythological
and literary motif. It is also common for a polemical context, when an adversary — a
schismatic, a heretic, a political opponent — is compared to a poisonous or fire-breathing monster. Among the many eschatological images that George of Trebizond cites in his
dramatic characteristic of Plato and the Platonists in Comparatio philosophorum Aristotelis
et Platonis (1458), there is also a comparison of Platonic teachings with a serpent, a dragon,
or the many-headed Hydra. This is not a coincidence: George draws quite obvious
parallels between the triumph of Platonism (which he hopes to prevent) and the triumph
of the Antichrist, who is often described as dragon or associated with a snake; the association
with the eloquent and treacherous serpent is also transparent. The opponents of
George of Trebizond: Basilios Bessarion, Theodore Gaza, Niccolò Perotti, Domitio Calderini,
— ignore George’s “eschatological” accusations. However, they also resort to the image
of a dragon, snake, or chimera, applying it to George himself — in their writings, the
struggle with his “serpentine tongue” and “all-besmearing infectious breath” turns into
a kind of collective dragon slaying. The article discusses examples of comparison with a
serpent/dragon in George of Trebizond, Niccolò Perotti, and Domitio Calderini’s writings,
their context, and various interpretations of serpent/dragon motif. Refs 15.Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда в рамках проекта № 18-78-10051 «Византийский фактор в формировании русской логической традиции»
Compliance of Pakistan with ILO Standards on Freedom of Association
Full text linkThe author examines the adherence of Pakistani legislation with ILO standards regarding
freedom of association. Current Industrial Relations regulation has undergone several positive
changes on a provincial level, including granting rights to form trade unions and collectively
bargain, expanding union rights to female workers in the agricultural sector in
Sadh and Punjab, creating the Industrial Relations Bill in Balochistan, expanding the right
to freedom of association and collective bargaining to workers in Special Economic Zones,
etc. However, despite the indisputable progress, Industrial Relations regulation is subject to
criticism. For instance, it still does not resolve the inability of an employee to be a member
of several trade unions if he/she works part-time although Pakistani law allows workers to
work at multiple workplaces under certain conditions on a case-by-case basis. Since the
legislation of Pakistan does not recognize and regulate part-time work, those few that are allowed
to be doubly employed are not subject to the fundamental rights of a full-time worker
including the right to freedom of association. Besides that, Industrial Relations regulation
considers the concept of go-slow an unfair labour practice although ILO has justified it in
multiple conventions. The author finds the aforementioned criticism valid. However, regarding
the empowerment of the Registrar to inspect the accounts and records of a registered
trade union, the author considers the criticism unwarranted. In the conclusion the
author mentions the necessity of the creation of regulation on the enterprise level similar to
that which exists on the provincial one
ЭКСПЕРТНОЕ ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ по информационным материалам запроса ГУ МВД России по г. Санкт-Петербургу и Ленинградской области (Отдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательства)
No full textОтдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательстваAbstrac
ЭКСПЕРТНОЕ ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ по информационным материалам запроса ГУ МВД России по г. Санкт-Петербургу и Ленинградской области (Отдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательства)
No full textОтдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательстваAbstrac
Выставка "История в перьях"
No full textНаучная библиотека им. М. Горького СПбГУ совместно с частным музеем «Книжная Галерея Вольфсона» представляют уникальный научно - образовательный выставочный проект «История в перьях», приуроченный ко Дню основания Университета и в преддверии празднования его 300 - летия.
На выставке впервые будут представлены редкие издания из книжного собрания Научной библиотеки СПбГУ и предметы из частной коллекции искусствоведа В. В Вольфсона.
Проект представляет историю письма металлическим пером с момента его появления в России и процесс развития в системе образования и просвещения в императорском Санкт-Петербургском университете XIX века, знакомит с искусством каллиграфии на основе рукописных документов, литографированных изданий, автографов и инскриптов известных учёных и писателей, свидетельств, дипломов, учебных пособий, дневников, писем. Особое место в экспозиции займут предметы одной из самых больших в мире коллекций металлических перьев, а также бювары и чернильницы, детские прописи, рабочие тетради, дневники, свидетельства об образовании, азбуки
Comparative legal analysis of the application of the principle of respect for the dignity of the employee
No full textThe purpose of this study is to analyze judicial practice on the application of the principle of
respect for the dignity of an employee, enshrined in Article 2 of the Labour Code of the Russian
Federation. In the absence of special rules on the protection of an employee from psychological
harassment, abuse, and pressure on the part of the employer, this principle is the key
to building the position of the plaintiffs. Unlike other principles, ensuring the right of workers
to protect their dignity is limited to only two sentences of the article, and has no further disclosure
neither in labour legislation, nor in the clarifications of higher judicial instances. This
paper examines the trends in law enforcement practice and its possible problems by analyzing
the practice of Russian courts for the period from 2012 to 2021. This analysis has highlighted
a number of enforcement problems: the courts do not distinguish between the principle of
respect for the dignity of an employee and the principle of prohibition of discrimination in
the sphere of work; there is a formal court approach to considering allegations of psychological
harassment and pressure in the workplace; courts apply general rules on the distribution
of the burden of proof in cases of psychological harassment. Since there are no decisions in
judicial practice in which the plaintiffs’ claims would be satisfied on the basis of violation of
the principle of respect for the dignity of the employee, it is necessary to include in the labour
legislation of the Russian Federation a mechanism for protecting the dignity of employees,
obliging the employer to provide a psychologically healthy working environment, as well as
redistribute the burden of proof when considering cases of this category
Dismissal of an employee at the initiative of the employer for a single gross violation of labour duties (clause 7 of Article 42 of the Labour Code of Belarus)
No full textDuring the third global reform of the Labour Code of the Republic of Belarus, which took
place in 2019–2020, Article 42 of the Labour Code was set out in a new edition. In the updated
Article 42 of the Labour Code of the Republic of Belarus, five grounds for dismissal at
the initiative of the employer for a single gross violation of labour duties were combined into
one paragraph 7. In 2021, this paragraph was supplemented with three new grounds. In this
paper, for the first time, an attempt is made to comprehensively analyze all eight grounds for
dismissal on the initiative of the employer for a single gross violation of labour duties, enshrined
in paragraph 7 of Article 42 of the Labour Code of the Republic of Belarus. Within the
framework of the scientific and practical analysis of eight disciplinary grounds for dismissal of
an employee carried out in the article, the provisions of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation,
as well as current Belarusian judicial practice, are taken into account in a comparative
aspect. Special attention in the paper is paid by the authors to the procedure for termination
of an employment contract for this group of disciplinary grounds, problems that arise in
personnel and other law enforcement practice, as well as guarantees that employees can use
when dismissed on these grounds. Proposals are made to improve the labour legislation of
the Republic of Belarus and law enforcement practice in relation to this group of grounds for
dismissal of employees at the initiative of the employer, which would exclude the possibility of
an expansive interpretation of a number of provisions of the law, thereby eliminating possible
abuse of the right by the employer and guaranteeing a higher degree of protection of workers’
rights
In memoriam of Igor Karlovich Daugavet (1932-2022)
No full textIn memoriam of Igor Karlovich Daugavet (1932-2022