38961 research outputs found
Sort by
Supplementary material for the paper “Dynamically stable partitions in networks with the costs dependent on neighborhood composition”
No full textSupplementary material for the paper “Dynamically stable partitions in networks with the costs dependent on neighborhood composition” by Ping Sun and Elena Parilin
Problems of legal regulation of publicprivate partnerships in Russian legal research before and after the adoption of Federal Law on Public- Private Partnership. Part one
No full textThis article analyzes the current state of Russian legal research on the regulation of public private
partnership (PPP). Most of them are related to the regulation of the concept of PPP, its forms,
the legal nature of the PPP agreement, the subject and object composition of PPP, the resolution
of disputes arising from PPP, in order to systematize of existing scientific approaches to these
regulation problems, determining the degree of this knowledge, assessing the dynamics of such
research. Systematization of the main scientific conclusions and argumentation of more than
110 legal publications is carried out in the refraction of the Federal Law on PPP, which become
a “watershed”, a factor that set the directions of scientific and legal discourse in the field of PPP
increased the dominance of some right-wing positions on PPP and the weakening of others. The
Federal Law on PPP provoked intensive dynamics and the overall volume of legal research on
PPP in general. A comparison of the approaches in the legal publications reveals a preponderance
of very significant intra-doctrinal divergences over the few consolidated positions on PPP
legal issues even after the adoption of the Federal PPP Act. In particular, there is still a lack of
consensus on the key legal definitions — PPP and its forms, as well as the PPP agreement as
a contractual construct and its legal nature. The authors note that the existing degree of fragmentation
of positions prevents the creation of a solid theoretical basis for understanding the
problems of legal regulation of PPPs, significantly tangles the scientific search for options and
methods of their solution. In the article proposes promising ideas for future legal research of
PPP. The potential for interdisciplinary research is particularly important for the development of
existing and obtaining new scientific knowledge about PPP.The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20‑111‑50200
Britain’s China policy after Brexit: Based on pragmatism or values first?
Full text linkAfter Brexit, Britain has vowed to build a “Global Britain”. Guided by this strategy, the Great
Britain’s policy towards People’s Republic of China is undergoing a more dramatic adjustment,
which has brought the relations between China and the United Kingdom from a “golden era”
to a more turbulent and unpredictable period of today. Overall, Britain’s current policy toward
China is based on a range of policy tools, such as investment screening, Indo-Pacific Policy, as
well as bilateral mechanisms, to catch the Chinese market for economic gain, while politically
following the United States and provoking China on ideological and sovereignty matters in
order to maintain its alliance with the West. Given in general the increase of negative perceptions
of British public opinion of China, as well as the dramatic changes in the international
situation (including the occurrence of major geopolitical events such as the Russian-Ukrainian
military conflict), adjustments in the UK’s policy toward China will continue for some
time, which will impact the stability of Sino-British relations. In the future, based on pragmatism,
Britain’s China policy will maintain a flexible balance between maintaining selective
cooperation with China in economy and global governance and deepening confrontation with
China in the political sphere
Estimation of Carbon Stocks and Stabilization Rates of Organic Matter in Soils of the «Ladoga» Carbon Monitoring Site
Full text linkThe establishment of a network of monitoring sites (term in Russian—«carbon polygons») for
monitoring climatic processes as well as the emission and deposition of carbon compounds in various
ecosystems is one of the priority tasks in the field of climate and biosphere conservation in the world.
This paper presents the results of the study of the soil sections of the «Ladoga» carbon monitoring
site. Folic Podzol (Arenic) and Fibric Histosol were considered. These soils are widely represented
in the southern taiga subzone and can be used as benchmark monitoring soil sections. As a result of
the analysis of chemical parameters, it was revealed that Fibric Histosol and Folic Podzol (Arenic) are
characterized by an acidic reaction of pH, pronounced podsolization, and peat accumulation. Fibric
Histosol stores a significant amount of soil organic matter (SOM) up to 42.95 kgC/m2. In the analysis
of the molecular composition of humic acids (HAs) extracted from the studied soils, it was found
that HAs from Fibric Histosol were characterized by a relatively high content of aromatic structural
fragments (27–41%), while in Folic Podzol (Arenic), aliphatic structural fragments prevailed (up to 70%).
The increase of aromatic structural fragments in the HAs composition indicates the stabilization and
conservation of SOM. The creation of a monitoring network will make it possible to identify the main
trends of SOMaccumulation, determine the conditions under which accumulation occurs, and calculate
its contribution to climate change on the planet.This work was supported by the project GZ_MDF_2023-1, “From carbon polygon to carbon
regulation: potential and ways of development of sequestration carbon industry on the territory of
the Leningrad Region and St. Petersburg”
Secular Terms for the Kinetic Mckean Model
Full text linkIn this article, we investigate the kinetic McKean model. The perturbed solution of the Cauchy problem is sought in the form of Fourier series. The Fourier coefficients for the zero and nonzero modes are written out, respectively. The original system is reduced to an infinite system of differential equations. An approximation for the systems is constructed. Under certain assumptions, we find secular terms (non-integrable part). This, in turn, will allow us to prove for the first time the exponential stabilization of the solution in the future
The psychology of social cognition: Prospects for development in a changing society
No full textThe results of theoretical and empirical research of the phenomenology and mechanisms
of social cognition in the conditions of fluid modernity, social uncertainty and transitivity are summarized in this article. The starting point is the position of the scientific school of
G. M. Andreeva, according to which social cognition is considered as an affective and cognitive
process of constructing the image of the social world in the individual and public
consciousness. A new transdisciplinary concept of social cognition, which integrates the
principles of psychology of cultural activity and social constructionism, as well as theories of
social representations and collective emotional experiences is presented. The new research
direction that greatly expands the subject area of psychological investigation of social cognition
— the social psychology of everyday life is verified. It is everyday life that acts as the
optics of the analysis of subjective perception and emotional experience of social changes
as a situation of uncertainty in various spheres of everyday life of society and culture (from
new media to contemporary art). The proposed and implemented aesthetic paradigm in
the social psychology of everyday life combines two ways of understanding, explaining and
predicting social changes: scientific-conceptual and artistic-figurative (or visual). Thus, the
aesthetic paradigm synthesizes the scientific and aesthetic discourses of psychology and art
history. In this regard, it is a flexible methodological strategy that opens up the prospects
for a multidimensional analysis of modern society and culture that cannot be conceptualized
in traditional categories of social cognition (for example, mental models, categorization,
causal attribution). On the basis of the aesthetic paradigm of everyday life, a new construct
of precarity is introduced for domestic psychology, which means individual and collective
emotion experience of total vulnerability, fragility and insecurity of a person in a situation of
uncertainty. This construct makes it possible to analyze the affective states that characterize
the mass consciousness of modern society. At the same time, specific instruments for studying
the emotional experience of social change, including precarity, are qualitative methods
for collecting, analyzing and interpreting data, which today unites in a sole methodological
approach to the study of social cognition.The research was carried out with the support of the Russian Scientific Foundation, project
no. 22-18-00140 “Dynamic stability of personality in the space of sociocultural uncertainty”
Murder in war as an ethical problem
No full textThe article is devoted to the issue of the principles of moral restraint of warfare according
to the division of war participants into legitimate and illegitimate targets of military attacks,
which is actively discussed in the ethics of war. The authors analyze two competing ways of
differentiating this view, corresponding to two versions of the most popular contemporary
ethics of war, the Just War Theory (JWT). One approach assumes symmetric rights for both
combatants and non-combatants on both sides of the war, while the other approach allocates
rights according to the moral significance of the war in which the actors are involved
as well as their contribution to it. The authors show that in both cases an important principle
of justice is violated. But the reason for this, they suggest, is that in both cases differentiation
is proposed according to a certain distribution of rights. In such a case, the only moral
justification for creating a lethal threat to the subject in war is that the subject does not have
the right not to be so threatened independent of any of his qualities. However, the authors
argue that the proposed justifications for the loss of such a right in war are not sufficient.
And from this it must follow that both principles of differentiation are unjust. Nevertheless,
they can be fair, according to the authors, if we refuse to consider the presence or absence
of the relevant right as the only moral justification for creating a lethal or comparable threat
to someone in war.The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
in the framework of the research project no. 21-511-07002 МОН РЮО_а “Ethnosocial identity at the
intersection of cultures in the changing social reality in the post-Soviet space”
Forgotten wars: Russian nurses reflect on their choices in the armed conflicts of Afghanistan and Chechnya
Full text linkThis article examines Russian nurses’ reflections about their individual moral experience of
the armed conflicts in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and in Chechnya (1994–1996; 1999–2009).
The study relies on published documents and interviews featured in various online sources.
The study aims to shed light on the main value orientations that influence present-day evaluations
of these events and to show how the values systems of those participating in war had
become transformed under the influence of wartime experiences. The concept of charity plays
a crucial role in the nurses’ reflection as it enables them to emphasise their special mission in
war: not only to provide people with health care but also with moral support. This concept
also underpins the practises of justification of moral choice. The article demonstrates that the
discrepancy between established commemorative practises and the personal inability to make
sense of death in war makes any justification of casualties impossible on the level of individual
reflection relative to the events of the WWII. The circumstances of war’s ‘trauma epidemics’
remain significant within these women’s personal moral experience. In addition to the paralysis
or passivity in the face of death that they experienced, in their civilian lives, they become
acutely aware of the impossibility of finding any meaning in the death toll that is war’s inevitable
result. The nurses’ memoirs lay a special emphasis on their attitudes toward the enemy.
On one hand, they remember the feelings they experienced toward the enemies in Chechnya
or Afghanistan; on the other hand, from a more recent perspective, it becomes clear that these
armed conflicts require new interpretations and evaluations.The research is supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 20-18-00240)
Экспертное заключение по информационным материалам запроса ГУ МВД России по г. Санкт-Петербургу и Ленинградской области (Отдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательства)
No full textОтдельные фрагменты исключены из текста опубликованного заключения в целях обеспечения соблюдения требований законодательстваAbstrac
Experimental legal regime — a testing ground for innovation and regulation
No full textThe focus of this article is a critical analysis of the regulatory window of the experimental legal
regime in the field of digital innovation. Its distinctive features are distinguished: its secondary
nature in relation to the basic legal regulation, its ordinariness, its voluntary extension
to business entities, its expansive or neutral influence on the scope of their legal capacity, its
certainty in terms of time and the circle of persons. It is noted that the implementation of the
experimental legal regime in the direction of the financial market has certain features, which
is manifested in the possibility of establishing additional conditions for the experimental legal
regime, separating its secondary regulatory window, giving the Bank of Russia the functions
of an authorized body, etc. Next, the mechanism for establishing an experimental legal regime
is outlined, in which five consecutive stages are distinguished: the introduction of an initiative
proposal to the Ministry of Economic Development (or the Bank of Russia); consideration
of the initiative proposal by the authorized body with the participation of the business community,
branch ministries and the highest authority of the subject of the Russian Federation
(optional); the establishment of an experimental legal regime by the Government of the Russian
Federation; implementation and monitoring of the experimental legal regime, as well as
evaluation of its effectiveness and efficiency. In conclusion, the norms of the experimental
legal regime, potentially tending to corruption-causing factors, are identified and ways to improve
legislation are proposed