38961 research outputs found
Sort by
Social media in Russian non-profit organizations: Factors of use
No full textThe article explores the use of social media in Russian non-governmental non-profit organizations.
The role of social media as a PR and promotion tool and as a tool for attracting financial
resources is considered. Based on the secondary data of the All-Russian representative survey of
NGO leaders conducted by the Centre for Studies of Civil Society and the Nonprofit Sector, HSE
(sample consists of 850 NGOs, face-to-face interviews were conducted in year 2021), hypotheses
about the influence of organizational characteristics on the use of social media are tested using
binary logistic regression. According to the results of the analysis, social media is the most popular
online communication channel of NGOs in Russia, although a relatively small proportion of
organizations practice fundraising on social networks, despite the fact that NGO leaders highly
evaluate the effectiveness of this tool for raising funds. The use of social media is positively associated with the organizational pursuit of the information openness and accountability; troubled
access to traditional media; social orientation; participation in government grants; and the size
of the organization. The positive relationship between the size of the organization and the use
of social media suggests that resource factors, such as the lack of qualified personnel to manage
the accounts of the organization, may be a barrier to the use of social media. Overall, there is
no obvious connection with the need to attract financial resources, neither the focus on private
donations, nor the tendence to diversify sources of funding.The study is supported by HSE Basic Research Program
The History of the Russian Church Diaspora in the Third Quarter of the 20th Century in a New Monograph by the Moscow Researcher A. A. Kostryukov
No full textThe article analyzes the new book “The Russian Church Abroad under Metropolitan Philaret (Voznesensky),
1964–1985” by the Moscow historian A. A. Kostryukov. Despite the presence of a number of works on
the history of the Russian Church Abroad in the 1960s–1980s, major studies that comprehensively characterize
the period of the reign of Metropolitan Filaret, before the appearance of the book by A. A. Kostryukov, was not
in historiography. The absolute merit of the monograph under review is an objective and unbiased study of the
relationship of the Russian Church Abroad with the Moscow Patriarchate and other Local Churches, as well as
the exposure of myths, misconceptions and the identification of “blank spots” in relation to a number of topics
important for the history of the Church Abroad: the condemnation of ecumenism, unfulfilled hopes in relation to
the “catacomb church” in the USSR, on the canonization of the royal family, the new martyrs and confessors of
Russia. The monograph also outlines the key problems and important events in the history of other branches of
the Russian Church Abroad in the last quarter of the 20th century — the Western European Exarchate of Russian
Parishes, which was administratively subordinate to the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the North American Metropolis,
which in 1970 received from the Moscow Patriarchate the status of autocephalous (independent) under
the name of the Orthodox Church in America. Thus, A. A. Kostryukov studied the complex processes concerning
the entire Russian church diaspora, including its connections and relations, both with the Moscow Patriarchate
and with other Local Churches and, above all, with the Patriarchate of Constantinople. On the whole, the work
under review is the first fundamental work on the history of the Russian Church Abroad in the third quarter of the
20th century
Preventive medicine in Russia: The problem of public (dis)trust
No full textBased on a range of empirical studies, the article discusses the contemporary challenges and contradictions
for the development of preventive medicine in Russia amongst the enormous distrust
of the population towards preventive medical measures. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic,
the discussion about preventive medical actions as a necessary measure for maintaining
national security has assumed new importance. While the Russian government tries to reduce
the epidemiological and economic risks by strengthening control and involving the population
in preventive procedures, “coronavirus restrictions” have caused significant discontent among
the population. The protest voices of “COVID dissidents” are heard loudly in public spaces, and
the arguments of opponents of vaccination are widespread in Russian society. However, even
before the pandemic, the wary attitude of the population towards vaccinations and preventive
measures was already acutely problematic. In 2020–2021 a sociological study was conducted
to identify a number of objective and subjective factors of public (dis)trust towards preventive
medical measures, and, in general, the value attitude towards health and preventive care in Russian
society. The analysis showed the sensitive points of the Russian’s attitude to preventive medicine
and issues of health promotions, demonstrating the existing stereotypes and fears of people,
as well as the problems of modern preventive medicine in general and vaccination. The authors
conclude that the problem of institutional (dis)trust is key for the development of preventive
medicine in Russia. Without voluntary and interested participation of the population in medical
practices, the development of the modern concept of predictive, preventive, personalised and
participative medicine will not be successful.The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-011-
00193/20
Modelling and design of permanent magnet multipoles for beam transport and focusing. II. Configuring the quad
No full textAn optimized magnetic specification has been searched for a PM quadrupole constructed for the DC-140 cyclotron in JINR, Dubna. The field inhomogeneity should be reduced to come closer to an ideal distribution. The quad parameters should be determined with very high mechanical and magnetic precision in order to reach the specified gradient. Results of the analytic study based on a 2D model gave initial values for the PM blocks dimensions and orientations. To ensure stringent performance criteria, parametrized 2D and 3D models of the quad were built. These models were used to optimize the magnet configuration, analyze its sensitivity to various errors and derive parameter tolerances. Additional adjustment to suitable field quality is foreseen using results of a trajectory analysis and acceptance inspection. The design parameters for the best suited magnet configuration are presented and the performance criteria are defined. However, an electromagnetic analysis of the selected configuration has revealed that the relative field error adopted previously as the optimization criterion gives low accuracy estimate. Alternative estimations are proposed utilizing the field gradient error as the basic criterion to satisfy the constraint on the field inhomogeneity
Power generalization of the linear constitutive equations of heat and mass transfer and the variants of writing the equations of momentum transfer, heat and diffusion arising from them
No full textCurrently, when solving problems of heat and mass transfer, linear constitutive equations are used - in hydrodynamics, the viscous stress tensor is proportional to the strain rate tensor (Newton's rheological ratio), in heat transfer, the heat flux density is linearly related to the temperature gradient (Fourier's heat conduction law), in mass transfer, the diffusion flux density proportional to the concentration gradient (Fick's law). When writing these linear governing equations, proportionality coefficients are used, which are called the viscosity coefficient, thermal conductivity coefficient and diffusion coefficient, respectively. Such constitutive equations are widely used to describe the processes of heat and mass transfer in a laminar flow regime. For turbulent flows, these equations are unsuitable, it is necessary to introduce into consideration the empirical turbulent coefficients of viscosity μt, thermal conductivity λt and diffusion Dt. However, to describe turbulent flows, it is possible to go in another way - to modify the linear constitutive relations by giving them a nonlinear power-law form. Two-parameter power-law generalizations of Newton's, Fourier's and Fick's formulas for shear stress, heat flux density and diffusion, which, depending on the value of the exponents, can be used to describe the processes of heat and mass transfer both in laminar and turbulent fluid flow. Also, this generalization can be used to describe the behavior of power-law fluids and flows of polymer solutions exhibiting the Toms effect.This study was carried out within the framework of the state task by Ministry of Science and Higher
Education of the Russian Federation for the implementation of research works N 075-03-2020-094/1 of
June 10, 2020
Mathematical model "consumer-resource" on a liner range and its application for modeling the spread of late blight of potato
No full textA model of consumer distribution on a fixed resource, which is uniformly distributed through a linear area, is presented. The model is based on the Cauchy problem for a system of partial differential equations. The stability of the system is studied. The physical basis of the model is the spread of late blight over the territory of a trophic resource. A qualitative picture of the process under consideration coincides with field data obtained as a result of modeling. The model describes "consumer" development not even at the moment, but through linear range. Thus assesment of damaged field square is possible
Recovering complex reflection coefficient using the reference layer algorithm for multilayer systems with non-collinear magnetic ordering
No full textThis work analyzes two mathematical algorithms for processing experimental curves in polarized neutron reflectometry, one of which makes it possible to determine the complex reflection coefficient. The approbation was carried out for a Fe/Cr type superlattice with an irregular non-collinear ordering of the magnetic moments of the Fe layers. The processing of the experiment was carried out both by direct refinement of the structure parameters and by the method of calculating the module and phase of the reflectometry signal using the Gd reference layer. The results obtained with different methods are compared with each other. To clarify the structural and magnetic characteristics, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was applied in both cases. The obtained data on the magnetic structure is in agreement with the theoretical model of magnetization of a layered antiferromagnet of finite dimensions in a weak field. The presented modification of the reference layer method can be considered as the phase problem solution in polarized neutron reflectometry.The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher
Education of the Russian Federation (theme “Spin” N 22021000036-3), neutronographic experiments was
carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian
Federation, Agreement N 075-15-2022-830 dated May 27, 2022 (continuation of Agreement N 075-15-2021-
1358 dated October 12, 2021)
Value determinants of social tension in Russian regions
No full textDuring the period of extreme destabilization of Russia’s relations with the collective West, the risks
of social instability of society are increasing, Russians’ fears of the future are growing, there are
risks of expanding the potential of social protests in the regions of Russia due to the likely consequences
of economic decline. For operational planning of actions to get out of a difficult political
and socio-economic situation, it is necessary to have objective knowledge about the real social
state of Russian society. The article presents the results of a study of the mechanism of transformation
of social tension of individuals into a state of social polarization within groups in society,
and also presents a methodology for assessing the level of social tension in society through measuring
the values of citizens by the method of the Israeli scientist Sh. Schwartz. The interrelation of
the integral coefficient of dissatisfaction with life, the Gini coefficient and the average per capita
income of the population of the studied regions was also revealed. This technique was tested as
part of a study of 7 Russian regions, the results of which revealed that the population of these
regions professes approximately homogeneous values. Moreover, the value flanks of the studied
social groups are so close to each other that the probability of an increase in social tension of
the population of the studied regions is at a low level. However, the conditionally homogeneous
nature of the value orientations of the population of the studied regions has led to the fact that in
these regions there is an extremely low proportion or absence of social groups aimed at creative
work, whose representatives are willing to take risks, show creativity and an innovative approach
in order to achieve their own well-being. The results of the study generally confirmed the practical
applicability of the proposed methodology for describing the distribution of social groups of
society according to their degree of polarization, as well as for forming a characteristic portrait of
the population of a particular region.Project no. 122101100023-1 “Value and social factors of long-term development of Russian
regions: mechanisms for ensuring civic unity” was implemented at the Institute of Scientific Information
on Social Sciences (INION) of the Russian Academy of Sciences based on the results of the selection
of scientific projects supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian
Federation and the Expert Institute for Social Research (EISR)
Features of the digital democracy development in Russian cities (on the example of St Petersburg)
No full textThe digital transformation of government processes in the face of increasing strategic uncertainty
and global risks has actualized the requests of citizens to optimize the activities of public
authorities, create a secure digital environment and adhere to the principles of digital democracy,
designed to ensure accountability and transparency in the activities of public authorities, improve
the quality of decisions made at all levels, expand electronic participation of citizens. Being an
integral part of the information society, e-democracy is the best way to influence the development
of democratic institutions and processes, to consolidate various public policy actors in the political
decision-making process. At the same time, as a result of digitalization, there is a reverse effect of
the traditional relations system transformation between the state and the citizen, which can undermine
the foundations of state security and violate the inalienable rights and freedoms of citizens.
The article is devoted to identifying the features of the digital democracy development in modern
Russia. Particular attention in the study is paid to the analysis of the theoretical foundations of
e-democracy, the assessment of the e-democracy importance in the development of relations
between the state and the citizen. Using the experience of St Petersburg digital development as
an example, the authors analyze the advantages of digital services for the modern society development.
Based on the study of the electronic voting system used in Russia, the authors discuss
the prospects for the digital democracy development in the country. The main research questions
are the following: What are the theoretical foundations of e-democracy? What is the significance
of digital democracy for the development of relations between the state (public authorities) and
the citizens? What opportunities and risks does e-democracy bring to modern society? What are
the prospects for the development of digital democracy in Russia?The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation
(project no. 22-78-10049 “The state and the citizen in the new digital reality”)
Logical fallacies in medical practice
No full textClinical reasoning as a method of problem-solving in routine medical practice is the basis
of all decisions made by physicians to understand the disease and choose appropriate
therapeutic tactics. The interaction between physicians and the exchange of opinions can
often lead to disagreements about diagnostic and treatment priorities. The quality of the
arguments presented is critical, which makes it necessary to be aware of the most common
logical errors, i. e. faulty reasoning. Logical fallacies can have a negative effect, leading to
incorrect medical decisions. Understanding the features according to which arguments may
be considered valid or, conversely, untenable is therefore an important skill for clinicians of
all specialties and an integral part of the ability to process incoming information effectively
and correctly. This article provides a description of some of the most common types of logical
fallacies, along with examples to help clarify their content. While the number of possible
logical fallacies in reasoning and debate is vast, most invalid arguments tend to fall into one
of the most common stereotypical patterns. By learning about the most common logical fallacies,
clinicians will be better prepared to recognize fallacious arguments when faced with
them in their clinical practice