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THE SPECIFICS OF THE IMAGE COMPONENT OF THE NEW CULTURAL-HUMANITARIAN HOLIDAYS IN RUSSIA
Full text linkThe author aims to determine the denotation-reference map of new cultural and humanitarian
holidays reflected in modern calendars. As a result of the survey of native speakers
(234 people aged 17 to 70 years), only 20 holidays out of 50 passed the five percent
threshold for knowledge of the existence of a holiday. Some of them are not related to religious or mythological systems, others refer to religious and mythological systems.
The second part of the study was conducted in order to identify those holidays that have
repetitive patterns of behavior. It was revealed that only 12 new calendar dates have such
properties (International Day of Friendship; Intenational Yoga Day; World Kissing Day / International
Kiss Day; International Cat Day, International Coffee Day; International Dance
Holiday; International Hug Day; Earth Hour; Halloween; Day of the Dead; St Patrick’s Day;
Valentine’s Day). The third stage was the identification of typical actions and holiday-related
objects using a distributive analysis of the contexts describing them in the media.
The results of the study indicate the predominance of the aesthetic function of a modern
holiday over a world-modeling one and prove the hypothesis that when a holiday is transferred
to another culture, it moves from a religious or mythological picture of the world
to a naive one and loses its ritualism and sacred meaning. The results of the data analysis
show that the cultural — humanitarian holiday, as a variant of the secular holiday concept,
is distinguished by the predominance of the individual aspect over the social, the
absence of a ritual component and connection with the narrative at the base of the event;
the absence of a system of statuses, the presence of a system of roles; the absence of the
process of creating a different space; these holidays are not a means of ethno-cultural
identification. The obtained lists of dominant lexemes of cultural-humanitarian holidays
are useful in selecting cultural material for creating textbooks on the Russian language
for foreign students. The material of the analysis was the articles of the newspaper subcorpus
of the Russian National Corpus. Refs 19
TERMS DERIVED FROM THE STEM CONCEPTIN V. V. KOLESOV’S COGNITIVE METAPHORS
Full text linkIn this article we discuss cognitive metaphors related to the conceptual field of language,
as represented in V. V. Kolesov’s heritage, particularly in his theory of concepts. Initial
data were collected from Kolesov’s scholarly researches and nonfiction books published
in the last 20 years (2001–2021). In arranging the data we considered such factors as
the character of metaphorical expressions, as well as the internal connection between
the source and goal areas. Our article is probably the first to tackle the structure of
V. V. Kolesov’s cognitive metaphors impicitly underlying the basic terms of conceptology,
such as “concept”, “conceptum”, “idea” (Russian kontsept, kontseptum, contseptsiya respectively).
The background agaist which these metaphors are demonstrated, is formed by
the scholar’s metaphoric ideas of various language phenomena. We also determine the
peculiarities of the metaphoric way of defining terms, as well as its place among other
definition types. Sometimes metaphorical expressions are used as terms (cf. “conceptum”
vs “the grain of primordial sense”), but more often is the situation when they are
included into the structure of definitions. Whenever “conceptum” is described using the
method of semantic constants, metaphors are primarily concentrated in such parts as
“base” and “conditions”. The number of metaphors grow if a notion is relatively new and
if the metatext underlying the constant is of metaphoric nature. We can attest multiple
metaphors pertaining to linguistic and cognitive phenomena, which differ as to their
topics, structure and implementation range. Metaphorical models are used to describe
both objects related to language as a whole, and those related to its elements, segmental
and suprasegmental units, basic language concepts, language rules and processes. Our
corpus of metaphorical models includes vital, anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, phytomorphic,
physical, objective and other metaphors. We can single out the most common of
them, namely “language as a human being”, “language as a plant”, “language as an object”
and “language as material”. It can be claimed without doubt that metaphorical expressions
are inseparable part of V. V. Kolesov’s scholarly style. Refs 11
TEXTS ABOUT THE SCIENTIST: THE CONTENT OF THE COMMENTARY IN THE ASPECT OF RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Full text linkThe effectiveness of foreign languages teaching (and Russian as a foreign language) is
determined, in particular, by the quality of the commentary accompanying the texts used in the educational process. In teaching foreign languages lexical and grammatical commentary
is usually used to remove language difficulties, as well as cultural comments
on some words and expressions explain to foreign students the specific phenomena of
Russian culture. However, difficulties in understanding the text when studying Russian
as a foreign language indicate the need to expand both the objects of comment and the
content of the comment itself. The solution of this applied problem directly depends on
linguistic knowledge that reveals the categories and units of the text, the peculiarities of
its semantic composition, the specific speech organization caused by a particular type
of text. Texts about scientists are relevant in teaching a foreign language. They showed
the relevance of three varieties: 1) texts implementing the semantic model “A person
and his actions” (tell about the activities of a scientist); 2) texts implementing the model
“A Person and his qualitative characteristics” (express an assessment of the personality
of a scientist, convey an opinion about a scientist); 3) texts combining the first two types.
This third type usually placed in a more general, abstract context of reasoning (related to
a particular problem of scientific activity of a scientist). Commentary as a possible tool for
interpreting texts of these types indicates the necessary objects of training commenting,
revealing their content in accordance with the text-characteristics of a particular type of
text. Comments allow you to introduce lexical and syntactic material that ensures the
implementation of author’s intentions, to reveal the information structure of the text, implications,
logical and semantic connections of the components of the text structure. As a
material for analysis and its interpretation are used: 1) educational text Dmitry Ivanovich
Mendeleev, 2) text fragments from the book by M. Buras Linguists who came from the cold
(2022), 3) essay by E. Vodolazkin The Truth about Schliemann (2015). Refs 13
The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: A three-level meta-analysis
Full text linkAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one the most disabling developmental disorders, imposing an extremely high economic burden. Obtaining as accurate prevalence estimates as possible is crucial to guide governments in planning policies for identification and intervention for individuals with ASD and their relatives. The precision of prevalence estimates can be heightened by summative analyses of the data collected around the world. To that end, we conducted a three-level mixed-effects meta-analysis. A systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases from 2000 up to 13 July 2020 was performed, and reference lists of previous reviews and existing databases of prevalence studies were screened. Overall, 79 studies were included in the analysis of ASD and 59-in the analysis of previously existing relevant diagnoses: 30 for Autistic Disorder (AD), 15 for Asperger Syndrome (AS), and 14 for Atypical Autism (AA) and Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS); these research reports covered the period from 1994 to 2019. Pooled prevalence estimates were 0.72% (95% CI = 0.61-0.85) for ASD, 0.25% (95% CI = 0.18-0.33) for AD, 0.13% (95% CI = 0.07-0.20) for AS, and 0.18% (95% CI = 0.10-0.28) for the combined group of AA and PDD-NOS. Estimates were higher (1) for the studies that used records-review surveillance rather than other designs; (2) in North America compared with other geographical regions; and (3) in high-income compared with lower-income countries. The highest prevalence estimates were registered in the USA. There was an increase in autism prevalence estimates over time. The prevalence was also significantly higher for children aged between 6 and 12 years compared to children under the age of 5 and over the age of 13 years.The work was supported by the Sirius University, project: COG-RND-2105
Линейные функционалы и линейные операторы. Начальные главы
No full textДанное пособие предназначено для студентов, изучающих функциональный анализ. Основная цель пособия - научить студентов исследовать сходимость последовательностей линейных функционалов и линейных операторов в разных топологиях, применять на практике теорему Банаха-Штейнгауза, теорему Бэра, теорему о замкнутом графике. Другая цель пособия состоит в том, чтобы обобщить опыт преподавателей математико-механического факультета СПбГУ и выделить ряд типовых заданий и задач повышенной трудности, традиционно рассматриваемых на практических занятиях по функциональному анализу в СПбГУ. Пособие содержит: формулировки необходимых теоретических сведений, задачи с подробными решениями, а также задачи для самостоятельной работы. Пособие предназначено главным образом в качестве материала для практических занятий, но может быть использовано и при подготовке к экзамену по дисциплине «Функциональный анализ»
In memoriam of Leonid Leonidovich Sokolov (1952-2022)
No full textIn memoriam of Leonid Leonidovich Sokolov (1952-2022
Modeling the impact of stock exchange migration on trading volumes in competing markets
No full textThis article examines the impact of a stock exchange’s migration on its trading activity and
the performance of competing markets. It examines the importance of the location of trading
floors for all market participants; analyzes the relationship between the location of a trading
floor and the speed of transactions in the stock market, as well as the impact of accelerating
transactions on trading activity. The migration of the Euronext exchange from Paris to Basildon
on September 25, 2010, was chosen as the event under study. The method of matched
pairs demonstrates the possibility of rationalizing of experimental and control sample for further
analysis and modeling of the impact of the relocation of the considered stock market on
its and competing exchange’s performance. It is illustrated multidirectional changes in the
shares of the value volume of trading and the number of transactions on the Euronext exchange
itself and four competing markets. In order to model the impact of the migration of
the exchange the method of “difference-in-differences” is suggested, that bases on the use of
experimental and control samples and on the construction of regression equations of a special
kind. Theoretical bases, advantages and disadvantages of the application of the method of “difference
of differences” in the analysis of the impact of certain events on economic results were analyzed. Empirical estimates showed a different expected increase in the value of trading
volume after the event on the Euronext and Chi-X Europe exchanges. It is noted that as a result
of the migration, the Euronext exchange became closer to the alternative trading floors located
in London. This accelerated the execution of transactions between them, and stimulated the
alternative markets to become more competitive, faster and more fully reflect the changes
taking place on the main Euronext Paris market
Central bank digital currencies: An innovative tool for enhancing domestic and cross-border payments and settlements
No full text“Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)” is a relatively new but very fast developing story.
The rush of central banks all over the world toward CBDCs proof-of-concept studying and
piloting in recent years, as well as somewhere already the practical implementation of their
own digital currencies have been motivated by a number of factors that are analyzed in this
study. The potential gains of CBDC domestic issue and application can be distinctly outlined
today. But, the leading central banks, following to the basic principle “do no harm!”, are acting
as carefully and slowly as possible in order to avoid the negative consequences of an abrupt
shifts in the contemporary financial landscape. However, successful progress of the People’s
Bank of China in piloting the digital yuan, as well as the launch of CBDCs in the Bahamas,
Nigeria, Jamaica and the countries of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, not only
stimulate other states to intensify their own research developments for CBDC, but also raise
the question of future implementation of CBDCs for international settlements. The study’s
key hypothesis, put forward by the author, is that the inevitable approaching issue of central
bank digital currencies will create unique opportunities to enhance significantly the quality
of settlement and payment systems not only domestically, but, and especially, internationally.
CBDCs’ implementation for cross-border transactions will help to overcome the long-known
but still unresolved hurdles of the existing archaic infrastructure of international settlements:
low speed, high costs, limited access and insufficient transparency
Microbial Composition on Abandoned and Reclaimed Mining Sites in the Komi Republic (North Russia)
Full text linkRestoration of anthropogenically disturbed soils is an urgent problem in modern ecology
and soil biology. Restoration processes in northern environments are especially important, due to the
small amounts of fertile land and low levels of natural succession. We analyzed the soil microbiota,
which is one of the indicators of the succession process is the soil. Samples were obtained from three
disturbed soils (self-overgrown and reclaimed quarries), and two undisturbed soils (primary and
secondary forests). Primary Forest soil had a well-developed soil profile, and a low pH and TOC
(total organic carbon) amount. The microbial community of this soil had low richness, formed a
clear remote cluster in the beta-diversity analysis, and showed an overrepresentation of Geobacter
(Desulfobacteriota). Soil formation in clay and limestone abandoned quarries was at the initial stage,
and was caused by both a low rate of mineral profile formation and severe climatic conditions in
the region. Microbial communities of these soils did not have specific abundant taxa, and included
a high amount of sparse taxa. Differences in taxa composition were correlated with abiotic factors
(ammonium concentration), which, in turn, can be explained by the parent rock properties. Limestone
quarry reclaimed by topsoil coverage resulted in an adaptation of the top soil microbiota to a novel
parent rock. According to the CCA analysis, the microbial composition of samples was connected
with pH, TOC and ammonium nitrogen concentration. Changes in pH and TOC were connected with
ASVs from Chloroflexota, Gemmatimonadota and Patescibacteria. ASVs from Gemmatimonadota
also were correlated with a high ammonium concentration.This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian
Federation in accordance with agreement 075-15-2022-322 date 22.04.2022 on providing a grant in
the form of subsidies from the Federal budget of Russian Federation. The grant was provided for
state support for the creation and development of a World-class Scientific Center “Agrotechnologies
for the Future”
Исследование магнитных свойств наноструктурированного сверхпроводника Ga-Ag на СКВИД-магнитометре: учебн.-метод. пособие
Full text linkУчебно-методическое пособие представляет собой описание и методические указания к выполнению лабораторной работы, рассчитанной на два занятия общей продолжительностью 8 академических часов. В теоретической части пособия рассматриваются основные понятия и определения в теории сверхпроводимости и принцип работы СКВИД-магнитометра. Пособие содержит краткое описание магнитометра MPMS
3 (Quantum Design Inc.), его технические характеристики и принцип работы. В пособии
приведены методики обработки экспериментальных данных и задания по выполнению
практической части с вопросами для самоконтроля и требованиями к оформлению отчета. Лабораторная работа выполняется на оборудовании Ресурсного центра «Центр диагностики функциональных материалов для медицины, фармакологии и наноэлектроники» Научного парка Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета.
Рекомендуется обучающимся по направлению 03.04.02 «Физика» уровня магистратуры в рамках дисциплин физического факультета СПбГУ «Физика явлений в магнитных полях» и «Магнитометрия сплошных сред»