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Autism, Yusuf and I
No full textThis personal essay explores my late diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Condition in Dec 2020 in light of the Abrahamic story of Yosef/Joseph/Yusuf. Asking how people differently-bodied for reasons including sex, race, gender reassignment and other disabilities might experience being autistic, I conclude that a revolution in understanding neurodiversity is key to the sociopolitical changes humanity needs to make at this critical juncture in our history
The development of explicit occupational gender stereotypes in children: Comparing perceived gender ratios and competence beliefs
Get PDFOvercoming gender occupational stereotypes is a major educational objective in removing barriers to children's future career ambitions and employment aspirations. Yet, the mechanisms that underlie the development of occupational stereotypes in school-age children remain unclear. This questionnaire study investigates the developmental relationship between two possible factors contributing to occupational stereotype development, perceptions of occupational gender ratio and personal beliefs about occupational competence, across the primary school years. One questionnaire assessed beliefs about the occupations held by men and women, by asking 195 children, aged 6 to 11 (UK Years 2 to 6), to report on the gender ratio of 24 occupations (e.g., who does a specific job) on a 5-point Likert scale (only males, mostly males, both, mostly females or only females). A second questionnaire assessed stereotyped attitudes by asking 194 children of comparable age to judge the competence of men and women (e.g., who can do a specific job very well) on the same scale. We found that children across age groups predominantly assigned men and women to traditionally male and female occupations, respectively, both in terms of perceived distribution and competence. However, while the perceived distribution of men and women remained stable across the sexes and age groups, stereotyped responding for competence was lower in girls than in boys, and decreased with age in both sexes for traditionally male and gender-neutral (but not for traditionally female), occupations. Some occupations which have become less gender-segregated in the workforce (e.g., Doctor, Head teacher), are also becoming more gender-balanced in children's beliefs. Taken together these results suggest that children's occupational stereotypes are influenced by developmental differences in children's understanding of gender, as well as perceptions about what jobs women and men have. We conclude by discussing practical implications for targeted interventions aimed at reducing occupational stereotyping in children
Men Are from Quartile One, Women Are from? Relative Age Effect in European Soccer and the Influence of Age, Success, and Playing Status
Get PDFThe relative age effect (RAE) is characterised by an overrepresentation of athletes born earlier in the selection year. Whilst an RAE is consistently evident in male soccer, examinations in female players remain limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of sex, as well as age, success, and playing status in European soccer players. The sample consisted of a total of 6546 soccer players from 55 soccer nations that competed in recent European Championship qualification campaigns. Results indicated an evident RAE in male [p = 0.017] but not female [p = 0.765] players. Male players were over‐represented by players born in the first quartile for the U17 [p < 0.001] and U19 [p = 0.001] levels, however, this over‐representation did not transfer to senior levels. No RAE was observed at any level for female players. Inside each age group, a slight selection bias towards those born in the first quartile for successful squads was observed but did not significantly differentiate between qualification status for either male or female players. Results from this study highlight the disparity in RAE prevalence between male and female players and raise further questions regarding the value of selecting relatively older players to metrics of success, transition, and selection for senior international soccer
Running-induced metabolic and physiological responses using New Zealand blackcurrant extract in a male ultra-endurance runner: A case study
Get PDFPhysical training for ultra-endurance running provides physiological adaptations for exercise-induced substrate oxidation. We examined effects of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on running-induced metabolic and physiological responses in a male amateur ultra-endurance runner (age: 40 yrs, body mass: 65.9 kg, BMI: 23.1 kg·m-2, body fat: 14.7%, V ̇O2max: 55.3 mL·kg-1·min-1, resting heart rate: 45 beats·min-1, running history: 6 years, marathons: 20, ultra-marathons: 28, weekly training distance: ~80 km, weekly running time: ~ 9 hours). Indirect calorimetry was used and heart rate recorded at 15-min intervals during 120-min of treadmill running (speed: 10.5 km·h-1, 58%V ̇O2max) in an environmental chamber (temperature: ~26°C, relative humidity: ~70%) at baseline and following 7-days intake of NZBC extract (210 mg of anthocyanins·day-1) with constant monitoring of core temperature. The male runner had unlimited access to water and consumed a 100-kcal energy gel at 40- and 80-min during the 120-min run. There were no differences (mean of 8, 15-min measurements) for minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production and core temperature. With NZBC extract, the respiratory exchange ratio was 0.02 units lower, carbohydrate oxidation was 11% lower and fat oxidation was 23% higher (control: 0.39±0.08, NZBC extract: 0.48±0.12 g·min-1, P<0.01). Intake of the energy gel did not abolish the enhanced fat oxidation by NZBC extract. Seven days intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract altered exercise-induced substrate oxidation in a male amateur ultra-endurance runner covering a half-marathon distance in 2 hours. More studies are required to address whether intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract provides a nutritional ergogenic effect for ultra-endurance athletes to enhance exercise performance
Daily and not every-other-day intake of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant extract alters substrate oxidation during moderate-intensity walking in adult males
Get PDFDaily intake of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract can enhance exercise-induced fat oxidation. It is not known whether habitual dietary anthocyanin intake and body composition affects blackcurrant-induced fat oxidation or if daily intake is required. We examined effects of daily and every-other-day intake of NZBC extract on metabolic and physiological responses during moderate-intensity walking. Sixteen physically active males (age: 24±6 yr, body mass: 78±16 kg, BMI: 24.7±4.2 kg·m-2, body fat: 15.2±5.0%) volunteered. A randomised, cross-over design with a control condition was used and habitual dietary anthocyanin intake quantified. For intake conditions, participants consumed 2 capsules of NZBC extract (210 mg of anthocyanins) daily or every-other-day for 14 days (14-D and 14-EOD) with 14-days washout. Final two capsules were taken 2-hr before the walk (speed: 5.7±0.7 km·hr-1). There was a trend for lower respiratory exchange ratio and carbohydrate oxidation with changes only for 14-D. Fat oxidation was increased only for 14-D (P<0.05) with 50% of the participants more than a 10% change. In 14-D, there was a positive correlation for BMI and body fat % with the absolute change in fat oxidation but not with dietary anthocyanin intake. Daily intake of NZBC extract is required to enhance exercise-induced fat oxidation. Enhanced exercise-induced fat oxidation by daily intake of NZBC extract is related to body composition but not to habitual dietary anthocyanin intake in physically active males. Daily anthocyanin intake seems to allow the gradual build-up and maintenance of anthocyanin-derived metabolites required to alter mechanisms for exercise-induced substrate oxidation
Evaluating leadership development in a changing world? Alternative models and approaches for healthcare organisations
Get PDFInternationally, healthcare is undergoing a major reconfiguration in a post-pandemic world. To make sense of this change and deliver an integrated provision of care, which improve both patient outcomes and satisfaction for key stakeholders, healthcare leaders must develop an insight into the context in which healthcare is delivered, and leadership is enacted. Formal leadership development programmes (LDPs) are widely used for developing leaders and leadership in healthcare organizations. However, there is a paucity of rigorous evaluations of LDPs. Existing evaluations often focus on individual-level outcomes, with limited attention to long-term outcomes that might emerge across team and organizational levels. Specifically, evaluation models that have been closely associated with or rely heavily on qualitative methods are seldom used in LDP evaluations, despite their relevance for capturing unanticipated outcomes, investigating learning impact over time, and studying collective outcomes at multiple levels. The purpose of this paper is to review the potential of qualitative models and approaches in healthcare leadership development evaluation. This scoping review identifies seventeen evaluation models and approaches. Findings indicate that the incorporation of qualitative and participatory elements in evaluation designs could offer a richer demonstration and context-specific explanations of programme impact in healthcare contexts
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Professionals Working in End-of-Life Care: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Get PDFObjectives: The potential usefulness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) is being investigated for healthcare staff burnout and associated problems, but empirical research on MBI’s for end-of-life (EOL) professionals is still in its infancy. The aim of this review is to describe and evaluate the body of evidence-based research on the use of MBIs to support the psychological wellbeing of professional staff in EOL care settings. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Database records were extracted from ERIC, PsycInfo, EBSCO, PubMed Central (PMC) and Web of Science, using search terms to locate peer-reviewed studies on professional (not volunteer) staff in dedicated end-of-life settings, administering MBIs not embedded in more general therapeutic modalities (such as ACT or DBT). After removing duplicates, 8701 potential studies were identified: eliminating those that did not fit the eligibility criteria reduced the number of eligible studies to six. Results: A total of six empirical studies were identified and further evaluated. Interventions primarily focussed on reducing burnout symptoms, increasing self-care and selfcompassion, and fostering mindfulness. Studies demonstrated very little overlap in treatment, methodology and measures.
Only one study was a randomised control trial, which on application of the 3-item Jadad quality scoring, (evidence of randomisation, blinding of researcher to participants’ identity and accounts provided of all participants), achieved 1 out of 5 possible points. Furthermore, other concerns were identified as to the study’s methodology. Conclusions: Results of this review point to significant gaps in the research on the potential of MBIs to improve the wellbeing of EOL professionals
Psychological index of individualised esports performance
No full textThe top FPS video game consumed by players in the Western World.
With approximately 500,000 players at any given time, with a peak of over 900,000
The outcome of a single game is best-of-thirty rounds
Heart Disease After Covid: Exacerbated Future Health Risks Aligned to Previous and Existing AAS/Androgen Use
Get PDFSummary In this commentary/short communication we build upon our existing research and viewpoints related to the deleterious effects that AAS/Androgen use has, and the growing body of work and case studies/reports that identify the substantially increased risks that AAS/Androgen use presents to those who have (or have had) COVID-19. We position this commentary/short communication then, as one that builds on our prior calls for public health policy to be in part framed by, or at least to recognise the risks, of AAS/Androgen use. This is of particular contemporary importance now that COVID-19 is endemic, and we report on how long COVID-19 (Post COVID-19 syndrome) can present a wide range of lasting cardiovascular problems, a particular issue given that AAS/Androgen use may well exacerbate future health risks aligned to COVID-19
