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The Historical Development of Duress and the Unfounded Result of Denying Duress as a Defence to Murder
Get PDFDuress provides an excuse to most crimes but since Howeis excluded to murder. This means someone who kills due to a fear of death or serious injury is denied the defence and instead faces a conviction, and life imprisonment, for murder. This article focuses on the origins of duress to establish that duress was introduced to excuse treason and as such was used to excuse unlawful killing. In Howe, rather than following Dudley and Stephens, there were other binding and persuasive precedents the Lords could have followed to reach the decision that duress should be available to murder. Furthermore, some of the most influential opinions in denying the defence to murder, Hale and East, were voiced without reference to case authority. In conclusion, there is no historical doctrine for denying duress to murder and doing so today is historically unfounded
COVID-19, Public Health Strategies and Post Pandemic AAS/Androgen Use: A Commentary/Short Communication
Get PDFIn this commentary/short communication we summarize many recent developments related to public health strategies for COVID-19. At this time, there are a wide range of emerging themes post various lockdown measures that have been reported, such as increased exercise, increased drug use, and various associated declines in mental health and other deleterious effects on eating behaviour patterns. Aligned to this, AAS/Androgen use has increased during and post-lockdowns and we posit, in the context of the aforementioned additional risks that have been reported, that future public health strategies need to demonstrate awareness of increased risk that they (AAS/Androgens) present at this time
Business, Economy, and Society: Tales from the Pandemic Days
No full text'Tales from the Pandemic Days’ provides a timely and focused examination of how firms, particularly SMEs, responded to the vicissitudes of the COVID-19 pandemic. It nicely combines overall economic implications with firm-specific issues. Human resource and technological issues are rightly identified as the central ingredient in resolving firm performance. Throughout, though, the nexus of these two ingredients to success are highlighted – they do not stand alone. This point is made in multiple contexts and with pointed examples of how to best proceed. Perhaps the pandemic inspired changes and adaptations elucidated in ‘Business, Economy, and Society: Tales from the Pandemic Days’ were coming regardless. Nonetheless, human resource management practice and technology adaptation are here and now. The questions asked and answered are which, what and how. As well documented, the answers are conditional on the nature of the business going forward, not looking back
Physiological and Subjective Responses to a Novel Military Specific Load Carriage Treadmill Protocol
Get PDFPurpose: Treadmill-based load carriage protocols typically use a single fixed speed; however, these are not representative of occupational load carriage tasks. This study aimed to quantify the metabolic, cardiovascular, thermal, neuromuscular, and perceptual responses to a treadmill-based, military-specific, fast load carriage protocol (FLCP). This protocol comprised of carrying 25 kg, for 20 minutes at 5.1 km·h-1; 40 minutes, at 6.5 km·h-1; and 8 x 9 s shuttles, at 11 km·h-1 with 11 s recovery.
Methods: Twelve men (age, 27 ± 6 y; stature, 1.83 ± 0.05 m; body mass, 80.6 ± 8.0 kg; maximal oxygen uptake, 52.7 ± 5.5 mL·kg-1·min-1), completed a FLCP during which oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate, core body temperature, and perceptual ratings were recorded. Performance assessments (weighted counter-movement jump [wCMJ], maximal isometric voluntary contraction [MIVC] of the quadriceps, seated medicine ball throw [SMBT]) were completed pre-FLCP, immediately-post and, 30, 60, 120 minutes’ post.
Results: V̇O2 was similar for 5.1 km·h-1, but increased by 7.4% during the 40 minutes at 6.5 km·h-1 (p = 0.013). Core temperature increased by 0.92 ± 0.22 ºC in response to the FLCP. Post-FLCP, SMBT was not dissimilar across measurement points, (p = 0.315), however, MIVC peak force reduced by 12.6 ± 10.9% 60 minutes post-FLCP (p = 0.031), and wCMJ height decreased by 8.7 ± 5.9% 120 minutes post-FLCP (p = 0.011).
Conclusion: The completion of the FLCP does not affect upper body power (SMBT), but appears to modestly decrease lower body explosiveness (wCMJ and MIVC) up to two hours post. Future investigations can use the FLCP protocol to investigate occupationally relevant scenarios, such as the interaction between physical and cognitive performance during load carriage, or the implications of multiple repeated load carriage bouts
"Britain’s Black Past" edited by Gretchen Gerzina, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2020, 400 pp., £24.95, ISBN: 978-1-789-62161-7
No full text“For some people they’d never be able to tick all those boxes”: Exclusion of trans and non-binary identities in university sport policy
Get PDFSport is considered an important aspect of university life in the UK, often used as a means to ease the transition into this setting and meet new people. However, rules and regulations in the competitive university sport context may exclude some students who are trans and non-binary. For instance, British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS), the governing body for university sport in the UK, often relies on wider inclusion policies, taken from the relevant national or international governing body for each sport. These policies do vary regarding their evidence base, and how appropriate they may be in the university sport context. With this in mind, this chapter aims to explore perceptions of trans and non-binary inclusion within BUCS competition, with an emphasis on policies in place in the university context. To do this, focus groups and questionnaires were conducted with trans and non-binary students across four institutions, with a total sample size of eight students. Furthermore, across the same institutions, six student union officers shared their views on trans and non-binary inclusion in university sport. Findings suggest the reliance on binary gender categories in wider sport policies can be problematic for many students, who often must meet complex and strict criteria in order to participate in sport. As student unions are constrained by wider policies, they may feel unable to act to ensure inclusive environments. This chapter includes suggestions for future research and has practical outcomes which may be useful for student unions, university sport clubs and other bodies in control of sport provision to increase inclusion for all
Listening to Children’s Voices in UK sports clubs: A Foucauldian analysis
Get PDFOrganisations funded by Sport England or UK Sport must work towards achieving standards for safeguarding and protecting children in sport as set by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children's Child Protection in Sport Unit (CPSU) and encourage a culture of listening to children. The present research was commissioned by the NSPCC CPSU to understand the practices of UK sports clubs regarding this objective. An electronic questionnaire was distributed through the national governing bodies of sport working with the CPSU. Some 64 clubs/squads representing 6,000+ juniors (under 18 years) responded. Quantitative data were analysed using simple statistics and qualitative data were themed utilising Foucault's theory of power and following Braun and Clark's six‐phase guide. Discourse, hierarchical judgement and docility were considered with reference to formal management and cultural environments. Semantic and latent themes were explored. The themes identified were: expectation awareness, reframing voice and preserving discourse. Clubs recognise the value of listening to children. However, existing power relations valorise adult knowledge fields over the experiences of juniors. Technology could provide an effective solution as it is remote, potentially anonymous and culturally accessible. As power is a productive force, problematisation of organisational culture could centralise children's voices and limit/prevent abuse
Play in extremis
No full textThe go-to textbook for everything you need to know about play!
Covering ages 0-8, this book explores what play is, why it matters and where and how play happens. Taking you from start to finish on your course, it helps you:
Think critically about play and play provision
Understand what good practice looks like
See how theory translates into real-world settings
Explore the issues, debates, and challenges within play and early learnin
Stressors, perceived stress responses, and coping strategies in professional esports players: A qualitative study
Get PDFTo inform future intervention strategies and enhance professional esports players’ performance, this qualitative study investigated stressors, perceived stress responses, and coping strategies experienced by professional League of Legends players. Following criterion-based sampling, semi-structured interviews with 12 professional esports players were performed. The findings illustrate a variety of stressors related to team, performance, audience, and social media. Whereas players reported that perceived stress responses prior to competition (e.g., nervousness and excitement) seemed to be suppressed during competition, post-competition responses appeared to relate to the outcome of competition. Although a range of strategies were identified, players most frequently communicated with teammates or coaches and focused on performance when coping with stressors. Study results demonstrate a need to gain an in-depth understanding of stressors, coping strategies, and their effects on performance. In addition, it seems beneficial to teach players how to recognize and regulate perceived stress responses