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Habituation of the cold shock response: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFCold water immersion (CWI) evokes the life-threatening reflex cold shock response (CSR), inducing hyperventilation, increasing cardiac arrhythmias, and increasing drowning risk by impairing safety behaviour. Repeated CWI induces CSR habituation (i.e., diminishing response with same stimulus magnitude) after ∼4 immersions, with variation between studies. We quantified the magnitude and coefficient of variation (CoV) in the CSR in a systematic review and meta-analysis with search terms entered to Medline, SportDiscus, PsychINFO, Pubmed, and Cochrane Central Register. Random effects meta-analyses, including effect sizes (Cohen's d) from 17 eligible groups (k), were conducted for heart rate (HR, n = 145, k = 17), respiratory frequency (f , n = 73, k = 12), minute ventilation (V , n = 106, k = 10) and tidal volume (V , n = 46, k=6). All CSR variables habituated (p < 0.001) with large or moderate pooled effect sizes: ΔHR -14 (10) bt. min (d: -1.19); Δf -8 (7) br. min (d: -0.78); ΔV , -21.3 (9.8) L. min (d: -1.64); ΔV -0.4 (0.3) L . Variation was greatest in V (control vs comparator immersion: 32.5&24.7%) compared to V (11.8&12.1%). Repeated CWI induces CSR habituation potentially reducing drowning risk. We consider the neurophysiological and behavioural consequences. [Abstract copyright: Crown Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
COVID-19 – the impact on babies and their families
No full textPart three of the series by Louisa Johnson investigating the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on families with babies reports on the research of labour experiences and how COVID may have impacted babies post birth
Notational Analysis and Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Male Junior Badminton Match Play
Get PDFWe examined the game characteristics of badminton and the physiological and metabolic responses in highly trained male junior players. Players from a Badminton England accredited Performance Centre (n = 10, age: 14.0 ± 1.2 y, height: 1.69 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 59.1 ± 5.0 kg) completed a 20-m shuttle run test (V˙O2max: 64 ± 7 mL·kg−1·min−1) and a simulated ability-matched competitive singles badminton game consisting of two 12-min games with a 2-min break wearing the COSMED K5 metabolic system with notational analysis. In five games, 427 points were contested with a rally time of 5.7 ± 3.7 s, a rest time of 11.2 ± 5.9 s, shots per rally of 5.6 ± 3.6, work density of 0.50 ± 0.21, an effective playing time of 32.3 ± 8.4%, and shots frequency of 1.04 ± 0.29. During badminton play, heart rate was 151 ± 12 b·min−1 (82 ± 10% of maximum heart rate), oxygen uptake was 39.2 ± 3.9 mL·kg−1·min−1 (62 ± 7% of V˙O2max), and energy expenditure was 11.2 ± 1.1 kcal·min−1 with a post-game blood lactate of 3.33 ± 0.83 mmol·L−1. Compared to adult badminton play, the physiological responses of junior badminton are lower and may be due to the shorter rally durations. Male junior badminton players should be exposed to training methodologies which include rally durations in excess of what they encounter during match play so as to develop greater consistency. Our observations on game characteristics and physiological responses during junior badminton can be used to inform training practice
Critical thinking in musicians’ health education. Findings from four workshops with experts (Part I)
Get PDFHealth education encompasses building health knowledge, but also training skills such as critical thinking, that guide individuals’ ability to access, understand and use health information to take care of their own health (WHO, 1998). This study aimed to document expert discussions on the content of an ideal health education curriculum for higher music education (HME) students in the UK, integrating critical thinking. Four interdisciplinary workshops were conducted, where 67 experts in relevant fields discussed the content of four lists created based on literature reviews (cognitive biases, logical fallacies, critical appraisal tools, and health topics). Notes taken during the discussions were thematically analysed. Most of the participants thought that the topics and tools were relevant. Two of four identified themes are reported in this paper, which represents the first of a two-part series: 1) Critical thinking applied to health; and 2) Misconceptions. This is the first attempt to document conversations aimed at using the applied knowledge of key stakeholders to discuss the content of an ideal health education curriculum integrating critical thinking, for conservatoire students
Letter to the editor: "Revolutionizing Clinical Education: Opportunities and Challenges of AI Integration"
Get PDFThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical practice has the potential to 5significantly impact the way in which physiotherapists within the multidisciplinary team 6(MDT) are trained and the care they provide to patients. This letter will explore the current 7and potential implications of AI on clinical education
Practice of praxis
Get PDFAbstractThe practice of praxis involves engaging in learning with an active awareness of the developmental process as it occurs. Although self-regulation assists in self-directed learning, heutagogy and engaging with praxis are not independent of collaboration and connection with others. Beside the strategic mental and physical aspects of learning, a person's affective states and processes impact their engagement and achievement. Outside the formal framework of education, finding a way to support learning through collective engagement can be a challenge. This study explores an experimental community-based innovation to facilitate deep learning in an informal setting amongst a diverse group of creative adults. An online platform, YapNet, was created to address the gap for people to engage with praxis through a self-directed, interdisciplinary network that encouraged deep learning through critical, respectful feedback. Individuals shared incomplete professional work in progress on the platform, noticed and responded to one another through dialogic commentary. The benefits of this engagement are demonstrated through case studies, of a musician and of a writer. The learning demonstrated by these professionals is discussed and the core principles of YapNet are outlined for transferable use in other social and professional setting
Effects Of A Head-Cooling Cap On 5-Km Running Performance In The Heat
Get PDFCooling the head region during exercise can enhance running performance, but this observation is limited to intermittent cooling. This study investigated the effects of continuous head cooling on 5-km running time-trial (TT) performance in hot conditions. Six male and four female triathletes completed two experimental sessions consisting of a two 10-minute runs at 50% and 70% "V" ̇O2max followed by a 5-km TT in the heat (32.0±0.3 °C, 50.1±1.2% RH). In a randomized crossover design, either an ice-filled cooling cap or no cooling cap was provided prior to the 10-minute run at 70%"V" ̇O2max. Performance time, rectal, forehead and mean skin temperature, RPE, thermal comfort, fluid loss, blood lactate and heart rate were recorded. Performance time was faster with a cooling cap (1175±80 s) compared to no cooling cap (1189±76 s, P = 0.034; d = 0.18). The cooling cap reduced forehead temperature (P 0.05). Continuously cooling the head with an ice-filled cap enhanced 5-km TT performance in the heat. Participants reported an improved thermal comfort with no change in core temperature. Continuously cooling the head may be a practical strategy to enhance running performance in hot conditions
A political theology of the world that ends
Get PDFBook: The notion of apocalypse is an age-old concept which has gained renewed interest in popular and scholarly discourse. The book highlights the versatile explications of apocalypse today, demonstrating that apocalyptic transformations – the various encounters with anthropogenic climate change, nuclear violence, polarized politics, colonial assault, and capitalist extractivism – navigate a range of interdisciplinary views on the present moment. Moving from old worlds to new worlds, from world-ending experiences to apocalyptic imaginaries and, finally, from authoritarianism to activism and advocacy, the contributions begin to map the emerging field of Apocalyptic and Post-Apocalyptic Studies. Foregrounding the myriad ways in which collective imaginations of apocalypse underpin ethical, political, and, sometimes, individual experience, the authors provide key points of reference for understanding old and new predicaments that are transforming our many worlds
Multidisciplinary reflections on the NHS long-term workforce plan
Get PDFThree professionals working in different areas of healthcare reflect on the implications of NHS England's first long-term workforce plan for England across acute care, mental health services and the UK's health and care education system
Two weeks daily intake of anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant extract enhances whole-body fat oxidation during supine rest in healthy males
No full textIntroduction: An increase in exercise-induced fat oxidation has been observed with 2-week daily intake of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract. We examined for supine rest the effects of 2-week daily intake of NZBC extract on physiological and metabolic parameters in relation to body fat%. Methods: Healthy active men (n=16, age: 24.1±6.0 yr, body mass: 78.2±15.6 kg, BMI: 24.7±4.2 kg·m-2) volunteered. NZBC extract (210 mg of anthocyanins) was consumed with breakfast with 14-day washout. The final ingestion was 2 hours before testing. Physiological and metabolic responses were measured during supine rest (2x10 min) and observations with the lowest 10-min minute ventilation were analysed. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure body fat%. Results: During supine rest, 14-day daily intake of NZBC extract had no effect on heart rate, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production and energy expenditure. However, 14-day daily intake of NZBC extract decreased the respiratory exchange ratio (baseline: 0.840±0.045, 14-day: 0.820±0.058, P=0.03), increased fat oxidation (baseline: 0.079±0.03, 14-day: 0.088±0.043 g·min-1, P=0.05), and decreased carbohydrate oxidation (baseline: 0.178±0.067, 14-day: 0.143±0.071 g·min-1, P=0.03) during supine rest. Nine of the 16 participants had increased of fat oxidation by more than 10% during supine rest. For those nine participants, the increases were 26±16%. We did not observe a significant correlation between body fat% and absolute and percentual changes in fat oxidation. Conclusions: In a healthy male cohort, daily intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract for two weeks was able to increase fat oxidation during supine rest. Daily intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract may be an effective anthocyanin-rich supplement for the management of body composition and body weight