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The considerations for effective verbal feedback in physical education
Get PDFOne essential feature of successful teaching and learning is the feedback the teacher gives a student. Feedback has been defined as an action taken by an agent (e.g., teacher and student) to deliver information about one or more aspects of student performance (Kluger & DeNisi, 1996). Winnie and Butler (1994) claim that “feedback is information in which a learner can confirm, add to, overwrite, tune, or restructure information in memory, whether that information is domain knowledge, meta-cognitive knowledge, beliefs about self or tasks, or cognitive tactics and strategies” (p.5740). Feedback can take many forms in physical education such as oral, written, informal, formal, peer, self-assessed and video feedback. This article will focus on oral feedback although many of the principles for effective practice transfer
Understanding weight gain in female prisoners
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to investigate female prisoners’ perspectives on why they gain weight while in prison.
A qualitative design was used with semi structured interviews with six females currently residing in a prison in the south of England.
Analysis of the data generated three themes relating to the reasons why women gain weight in prison. These were labelled as ‘The only thing you haven't got to ask permission for is your food, it’s just handed to you’, ‘If you've been stripped of the things that make you happy, or that you are addicted to, eating can soothe you’, and ‘prison can make you take better care of your health’.
The results identify perceived reasons why women gain weight in prison uniquely from the female prisoner perspective.
The implications of the research identify the need for systemic change throughout different prison departments to enable women to maintain a healthy weight during their custodial sentence
Food for thought: Dietary nootropics for the optimisation of military operators cognitive performance
Get PDFNootropics are compounds that enhance cognitive performance and have been highlighted as a medium-term human augmentation technology that could support soldier performance. Given the differing ethical, safety, and legal considerations associated with the pharmaceutical subset of nootropics, this analysis focuses on dietary supplementation which may enhance cognition during training and operations. Numerous supplements have been investigated as possible nootropics, however research is often not context specific or of high quality, leading to questions regarding efficacy. There are many other complex cofactors that may affect the efficacy of any dietary nootropic supplement which is designed to improve cognition, such as external stressors (e.g., sleep deprivation, high physical workloads), task specifics (e.g., cognitive processes required), and other psychological constructs (e.g., placebo/nocebo effect). Moreover, military population considerations, such as prior nutritional knowledge and current supplement consumption (e.g., caffeine), along with other issues such as supplement contamination should be evaluated when considering dietary nootropic use within military populations. However, given the increasing requirement for cognitive capabilities by military personnel to complete role-related tasks, dietary nootropics could be highly beneficial in specific contexts. Whilst current evidence is broadly weak, nutritional nootropic supplements may be of most use to the military end user, during periods of high military specific stress. Currently, caffeine and L-tyrosine are the leading nootropic supplements candidates within the military context. Future military specific research on nootropics should be of high quality and use externally valid methodologies to maximise the translation of research to practice
A conceptual framework of different eccentric training methods
Get PDFVarious methods of eccentric training that aim to increase muscle mass or reduce ground contact time during a landing task have been extensively researched and practically examined. However, multiple methods to implement eccentric training currently exist; they differ in execution and intended training adaptions. There is a clear differentiation between an eccentric muscle action and an eccentric motion whereby a motion alludes to a downward movement of an exercise. The proposed eccentric motions are dissipating eccentrics, deceleration eccentrics, overcoming eccentrics, maximal eccentrics, and rebound eccentrics. These motions formulate into training methods and cues to allow practitioners to clearly differentiate the various eccentric training methods used in research and practice. This review proposes a new conceptual framework that clearly outlines the different forms of eccentric motions that fall into a desired eccentric training method
Esports are pretty far from Bodhi trees: touch grass for performance and well-being
Get PDFNature exposure has been cross-culturally linked to psychological growth, spiritual awakening, recovery, and relaxation. Psychology research supports this, showing that nature exposure can benefit performance and well-being through improving mindfulness, sustained attention, and connection to nature. In stark contrast, esports environments can be drab, somber, and dark, with not even natural light permitted within the performance context. In the absence of nature exposure in esports psychology research or practice, we draw on existing educational and organizational psychology to encourage academics and psychologists to experiment with nature exposure, adding a few suggestions and guidelines of our own. By bringing life into esports performance environments, we look to sustainably provide a competitive edge to players and help their well-being bloom
A descriptive exploration of heart rate response to live professional Irish dance performance
Get PDFIntroduction: Research investigating the physiological demands of dance performance has documented exercise intensity and time spent in work and rest; however, available data are across limited dance genres and often use rehearsal or simulated conditions. Real-time data recorded during live performance with an audience are limited. The aim of the study is to provide a detailed description of the physiological demands of live professional Irish dance performance. Method: The entire Irish dance cast of Riverdance participated in the study (n = 24). Approval was granted by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee. Matinee and evening performances on the first day of a tour were examined in a descriptive, cross-sectional design. Heart rate (HR) monitors worn discretely under costumes recorded data every 5-seconds. Video analysis allowed calculation of time spent in work and rest. All descriptive analyses were split by role (troupe/lead) and sex (male/female). Results: Dancers worked at hard/very hard intensities (mean > 72%, peak > 91% HRmax) for ~3 minutes at a time for 3-9 individual dance numbers. There was a high variation in overall demand experienced by individual dancers due to variation in both duration and intensity of on-stage time, dependent upon their role. Mean total on-stage time was 18.18 ± 5.82 minutes, 19.43 ± 5.80 minutes, 29.71 ± 0.62 minutes, 20.00 ± 0.00 minutes for male troupe, female troupe, male lead, and female lead dancers, respectively. Recovery periods were varied in terms of duration, activity undertaken, and HR response. Conclusion: Individual dance numbers within a professional Irish dance show were high intensity for a short duration when considered in isolation, but overall physiological demand experienced by any one dancer across the entire show varied dependent upon their role and off-stage/recovery practices. Future research investigating the physiological demands of dance performance should ensure analysis accounts for the individual dancer’s role and should capture the entire show duration in repeated exposures
Lenin's realism
Get PDFLenin, according to Lukács, argued that reality had a slyness that required a critical effort to decipher. This is Lenin’s realism, which is an appreciation of the dynamic complexity of reality grounded in the sense of its fundamental intelligibility. While contemporary celebrations of Lenin often focus on his thinking as one of contingency, subjectivity, and the revolutionary leap, this fundamentally misunderstands Lenin’s thinking as a grasping of reality developing towards communism. This is not a conservative emphasis on reality as a limit, but a revolutionary embrace of reality as source of change. The origin of Lenin’s realism is traced through his writings on aesthetics, which challenge the claims of the avant-garde and contest our own modernist heritage. Then this realism is used to grasp his political writings, which are not merely the embrace of contingency and power politics. Instead of the image of Lenin as a thinker of revolution without guarantees, what emerges is a Lenin concerned with the need to trace objective forms, their contradictions, and their potential transformations. Lenin’s realism connects his concern with philosophy, evident in his reading of Hegel and critique of empirio-criticism, with the Lenin of political intervention. It is this Lenin that we need to repeat today as the Lenin who can help us be equal to the slyness of contemporary reality
Symptomatic vitreous opacities: exploring the mismatch between clinical observation of vitreous alterations and self-reported symptoms
Get PDFObjectives: To assess the mismatch between the clinical observation of vitreous alterations and self-reported symptoms in young patients complaining of symptomatic vitreous opacities (SVO). Methods: The ophthalmic medical records of young patients presenting primarily with SVO were retrospectively evaluated. Symptoms severity was assessed using a questionnaire. The status of the vitreous body was examined with indirect ophthalmoscopy at the slit-lamp and classified according to an ad hoc severity scale. Results: Sixty eyes of thirty otherwise healthy patients (median age: 32.5 (IQR: 29.0-37.0) years old) complaining of SVO (median duration: 38 months; interquartile range: 18-84 months) were enrolled. SVO was rated as severe by 50% of participants, affecting all the activities explored in the questionnaire. Twenty-three patients (76.6%) reported SVO-related depression and/or anxiety, for which eleven patients (36.6%) were or had been using medication. Fifty-eight eyes (96.6%) showed no evidence of (or minimal) vitreous opacity, while two eyes (3.3%) were found to have significant vitreous opacity. No significant inter-gender differences (p > 0.05) and no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between the severity of vitreous opacity and patients' reported symptoms nor with their psychological status and medication use. Conclusions: Severe discomfort related to the perception of vitreous floaters exists in young patients whose vitreous gel examination is unremarkable or shows only minor alterations. We believe this discrepancy can be explained by optical anisotropy; significant forward-scattering of light, which results in floater symptoms; and reduced back reflection, which limits the clinical observation
Expanding the realms of sport psychology in esports: an epilogue
Get PDFIn this epilogue to the special issue, we provide a summary of four case studies in esports. Specifically, we draw attention to (1) interventions with teams and esports athletes, (2) coach support and development, and (3) practitioner development. We explore these areas in relation to the case studies presented in the special issue, providing a structured analysis and discussion of the experiences shared in these case studies and shedding light on how sport psychology is applied in esports. Lastly, we offer future research and practice opportunities for those intending to practice or currently practicing in the realm of esports