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2026 Cotton Insecticide Use Guide Knowing and Balancing Risks
No full textThis two‐page guide offers a concise, practical overview for cotton growers and pest management professionals on how to select insecticides that balance effective pest control with environmental, human, and ecological safety. It presents a rating system that scores products for their efficacy against target pests (such as whiteflies and lygus bugs) and for their risks to beneficial organisms like predatory insects, pollinators, and other wildlife, as well as potential hazards to human bystanders and aquatic life. The guide emphasizes that no product is completely without risk and that informed decisions require weighing factors such as pest control performance, resistance management, cost, and broader environmental impact. Developed by experts from the University of Arizona and USDA-ARS, this IPM (Integrated Pest Management) short serves as a user-friendly reference to help growers choose insecticides that support sustainable cotton production while minimizing unintended consequences.Documents in the Arizona Pest Management Center collection are made available by the Arizona Pest Management Center (APMC) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact https://acis.cals.arizona.edu/about-us/arizona-pest-management-center
41 - Chamorrita Song
No full textDanielle P. Williams reading poems from Chamorrita SongThese recordings are made available by the University of Arizona Press and University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions about this title, please contact the UA Press at http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/
Adolescent Development of Amygdalo-prefrontal Circuit Microstructure and Its Role in Prosocial Behavior of Rhesus Macaques
No full textAdolescence is marked by profound physical and hormonal development, reorganization of the brain, and corresponding changes in behavior. In primates, adolescence is a lengthy process that allows the development of skills to navigate complex hierarchical societies that determine access to resources such as food, shelter, and mates. One such skill is the ability to use an other-oriented reference frame for decision making, leading to more prosocial choices; those that benefit others. The emergence of adult-like prosocial behavior depends on successful remodeling of amygdalo-frontal circuits that support the integration of social and reward related information. The goal of this study is to capture these behavioral and neural changes longitudinally and determine their relationship to each other and to development of the body in rhesus macaque monkeys. To measure prosocial behavior, we longitudinally measured the performance of six male adolescent rhesus monkeys (ages 22-72 months) on a social reward allocation task in which they chose between rewarding only themselves or themselves and a pair-bonded partner in one trial type (self-oriented); and between rewarding only their partner or dispensing a reward into a container both participants can see but cannot access (other-oriented). On the same monkeys, we obtained monthly morphological and endocrine measurements. While age alone was an insufficient predictor of behavior, an increase in prosocial behavior (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.05) was found at the onset of puberty, identified in each monkey as the first age where testosterone levels increased by greater than 0.5 ng/mL. We also periodically acquired diffusion-weighted MRI images and explored the relationships between development and diffusion metrics in the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), uncinate fasciculus (UF), and cingulum. We found changes in diffusion metrics of the amygdala, OFC, and ACC that could be indicative of synaptic pruning that were significantly predicted by age and estradiol, but this development was not homogenous throughout amygdala nuclei (t-test, p < 0.05). We also found changes in the cingulum that could be indicative of increased myelination that were significantly predicted by age and estradiol (t-test, p < 0.05). Unexpectedly, changes in diffusion metrics in the UF suggest both decreasing and increasing myelination or tract integrity significantly predicted by age or testosterone, respectively (t-test, p < 0.05). Finally, we selected models of self- and other-oriented behavior predicted by subsets of structural features in all areas by comparing the AIC and BIC of nested models. We determined that behavior in the self-oriented trials was best predicted by the amygdala, cingulum, and ACC; while behavior in the other-oriented trials was best predicted by the amygdala, cingulum, ACC, UF, and OFC. Our findings indicate that development in the amygdala-cingulum-ACC circuit is involved in both types of prosocial behavior, but that other-oriented behavior may also involve the amygdala-UF-OFC circuit. We also find that the behavioral development predicted by microstructure in these circuits may be most prominent early in adolescence in monkeys. The results also underscore that while age is a useful predictor of adolescent development, endocrine status is an important predictor of both behavioral and neural development
Controlling Mosquito Larvae in Urban Drainage Structures in Arizona
No full textMosquitoes are important human disease vectors worldwide. In Arizona, the primary species of concern are Culex tarsalis and Culex quinquefasciatus, both of which can transmit West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). Aedes aegypti is also a common urban vector with the potential of transmitting Zika, chikungunya and dengue viruses, although local transmission in Arizona has been rare. Treatment options for these viruses in humans are limited, so controlling the mosquito vector and reducing human/vector contact remain the best disease prevention strategies. Before they develop into the adult stage, all mosquitoes are aquatic (Fig. 1). Therefore, controlling the mosquito population at the immature (larval) phase is ideal as the mosquitoes are confined to a water source during this stage. Larval control in the water source can be achieved either by removing the source or treating the water with insecticides or biological agents. The goal is to prevent the mosquitoes from reaching the adult stage when they can acquire and transmit pathogens causing human and animals diseases
Precambrian Geologic Map of the Bradshaw Mountains, Prescott Valley South 7.5’ Quadrangle, Central Arizona v. 2.0
No full textThis report summarizes a collection of Precambrian geologic maps of the Bradshaw Mountains completed by Philip Anderson and including a foreword by Steven Reynolds, Michael Conway, Julia Johnson, Michael Doe, and Nyal Neimut, written in 2017. The original map is included along with the report. Other geologic maps from the Anderson collection preserved as part of this effort are published as DGM-282, DGM-284, DGM-285, DGM-286, DGM-287, DGM-288, DGM-289, and DGM-291. Note that not all maps from the original Anderson report were revised. The report is part of a digital republication of one geologic map within this collection, originally created 1975-1983 by the Arizona Geological Survey with financial support from the U.S. Geological Survey. Preparation for republication was conducted by students from the University of Arizona with financial support from the National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program, award number G24AP00258 and included the production of a new GIS geodatabase and a revised map layout. The following text report has not been altered and remains identical to the 1975-1983 original, but there may be situations where unit names, ages, symbology, or other geologic information contained within this report do not match the information presented in the new map layout of the GIS geodatabase.Documents in the AZGS Documents Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected]
Field Trip to a Laramide Shallow Subduction Channel: Orocopia Schist in the Gavilan Hills, Southeasternmost California; with Incidental Localities for Three Blue Minerals
No full textAccording to current tectonic models, much of southern California and southwest Arizona is underlain
by the Late Cretaceous (Laramide) Pelona-Orocopia-Rand Schist (PORS) subduction complex, “the best-known archive of shallow subduction on the planet” (Chapman 2016). Subduction was shallow in both depth and inclination. One part of this complex, the Orocopia Schist subduction channel of southwest Arizona, has attracted particular attention over the past decade, for two reasons. First, it is exposed unusually far inland from the present and late Mesozoic Cordilleran continental margin. Second, Orocopia Schist in one area, Cemetery Ridge, uniquely includes well-preserved blocks of subducted oceanic-mantle peridotite.
Most exposures of Orocopia Schist have become difficult to access, owing to enclosure within military reservations or Wilderness Areas, and deterioration of old exploration and mining roads. Moreover, in some areas Orocopia Schist has been degraded by hydrothermal alteration accompanying middle Cenozoic intrusions. Orocopia Schist at Cemetery Ridge, though accessible and largely unaltered, is atypical because of its high metamorphic grade. All three of these limitations can be circumvented by examining Orocopia Schist — readily accessible, minimally altered, and representative — in the Gavilan Hills (informal name), California; 40 km north-northwest of Yuma, Arizona.
Orocopia Schist in the Gavilan Hills constitutes the core of an east-west–elongate dome, one of numerous culminations that define the 220 km–long Chocolate Mountains anticlinorium. The Gavilan Hills antiform is circumscribed on its east, north, and northwest sides by two exhumation faults, Chocolate Mountains and Sortan, overlying the Orocopia Schist. Two geologic traverses through the Orocopia Schist are described here. The longer of these traverses crosses the antiform, starting in Orocopia Schist on the south side and ending at the Chocolate Mountains fault on the north side. This route includes most major rock types of the schist, is ~ 4 km round trip, and requires 4–6 hours. The second, shorter traverse, ~ 1/2 km and 1 or 2 hours, examines actinolite pods within the Orocopia Schist near the start and end point of the first traverse.
To facilitate reading in the field, most descriptions and interpretations of Orocopia Schist and PORS herein are brief and not individually attributed. Although blue rock-forming silicate minerals are relatively uncommon, the Gavilan Hills features three: kyanite, dumortierite, and riebeckite. Though unrelated to origin of the Orocopia Schist, these mineralogical curiosities may be of incidental interest. Section 5 describes a long-known locality for kyanite and dumortierite, and a recently recognized locality
for riebeckite.Documents in the AZGS Documents Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected]
44 - Chamorrita Song
No full textDanielle P. Williams reading poems from Chamorrita SongThese recordings are made available by the University of Arizona Press and University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions about this title, please contact the UA Press at http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/
Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Preliminary Energy-Use Analysis of Tucson Unified School District: Fiscal Year 2024
No full textThis report supports ongoing efforts to reduce climate-related impacts from Tucson Unified School District (TUSD) operations, in alignment with the district’s Climate Action and Sustainability Policy. It establishes a baseline understanding of these impacts through a greenhouse gas inventory covering FY2024, which follows guidance from The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard and includes emissions from seven key district activities. The report also provides a detailed assessment of energy use and costs at TUSD facilities through a preliminary building energy-use analysis conducted in accordance with ASHRAE Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits. Finally, it identifies several high-level opportunities for emissions reductions. Greenhouse gas emissions from the activities included in this report totaled 63,194 metric tons of CO₂e in FY2024. This amount is approximately equivalent to the carbon sequestered by 63,194 acres of U.S. forests, the emissions from 14,724 gas-powered passenger vehicles, or the energy used by 8,468 homes over the same time period. These emissions are associated with present and future damages with an estimated financial impact of just over $13 million. Of the seven operational activities examined, the purchase of electricity from the grid accounted for nearly two-thirds (60%) of the district’s total greenhouse gas emissions. The second-largest contributor was the disposal of refuse generated at TUSD facilities (17%), followed by on-site combustion of natural gas (11%) and district-owned transportation (8%). Among the four types of schools operated by TUSD, high schools accounted for the largest share of district greenhouse gas emissions. TUSD facilities generally used more energy per square foot than similar institutions in the same climate zone, excluding energy losses that occurred before reaching the building. The district procured electricity from on-site solar installations at 82 facilities through Solar Service Agreements, which reduced the amount of electricity purchased from the grid. Energy use per square foot varied widely across facility types, with several buildings consuming significantly more energy than is typical for TUSD and comparable institutions. Districtwide building energy use in FY2024 was approximately 10% higher than the average observed between FY2021 and FY2023. Key opportunities to reduce emissions include reducing total and peak building energy use; increasing on-site solar generation and energy storage; supporting efforts to decarbonize the electricity grid; prioritizing high-energy-use facilities; consolidating summer operations; implementing waste reduction and diversion programs; and electrifying building equipment and district-owned vehicles. Pursuing these opportunities could also support student apprenticeship programs in partnership with local building trades. To support future reduction efforts, the district should identify an optimal baseline year and clearly define and implement tracking systems for activities included within emissions reduction targets.Jobs With JusticeThis item from the Drachman Institute Reports collection is made available by the Drachman Institute at the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please visit https://drachmaninstitute.arizona.edu/
28 - for the chains I break free from
No full textDanielle P. Williams reading poems from Chamorrita SongThese recordings are made available by the University of Arizona Press and University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions about this title, please contact the UA Press at http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/
15 - for fishing
No full textDanielle P. Williams reading poems from Chamorrita SongThese recordings are made available by the University of Arizona Press and University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions about this title, please contact the UA Press at http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/