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The Evolution of Fifteen Demon-Deity Cult in Pre-Modern East Asia: Demonology, Childcare, and Cultural Integration
No full textThis thesis examines the historical evolution and cross-cultural transmission of the cult of the Fifteen Demon-Deities (Bāla-grahā), a group of demonic goddesses associated with childbirth and pediatric affliction and protection in Buddhist traditions, across pre-modern East Asia. While prior scholarship has traced the cult’s Indian origins and its circulation in medieval Dunhuang and Central Asia, this study focuses on how these figures were represented, ritualized, and reinterpreted across Chinese and Japanese contexts textually and visually from the sixth to seventeenth centuries. In the first part, I offer a close philological analysis of five Chinese Buddhist scriptures that mention the fifteen demon-deities, demonstrating how changes in demon taxonomy and ritual prescriptions reflect shifting theological and social concerns. The second chapter investigates how the cult echoed with Chinese medical knowledge and was incorporated into Daoist frameworks, revealing a dynamic interplay between Buddhist demonology and indigenous concepts of spirit-affliction and ritualistic healing. The third section analyzes how late Ming literati in the Jiangnan region reinterpreted the cult through a moralized and introspective lens, emphasizing spiritual cultivation and ethical allegory over ritual performance. The final section examines the localization of the cult in medieval Japan, focusing on the Jūgodōji ritual and its adaptation in performative manuals. Through an interdisciplinary approach that weaves together Buddhist studies, medical history, Daoist cosmology, and religious visual culture, this thesis contributes to broader discussions of gender, demonology, and the adaptive resilience of religious traditions across cultural and historical boundaries.Release after 05/16/202
Total Synthesis of Apomorphine and New Reaction Developments of Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles
No full textThis dissertation is divided into four chapters, containing works related to the development of new methodologies towards the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles and the development of new imine-based phosphonate reagents for olefinations, expansion and exploration of the anionic amino-Cope cascade, and the total synthesis of apomorphine. Chapter 1 explores the lead tetraacetate mediated synthesis of indoles form o-allenyl anilines via an intramolecular amino-hydroxylation. In Chapter 2, the development of new imine-based phosphonate reagents for olefination reactions was investigated allowing for the streamlined synthesis of conjugated imines for use in the anionic amino-Cope cascade. Chapter 3 focuses on efforts to expand the scope of the anionic amino-Cope reaction and displays its powerful applications to form important nitrogen heterocycles. Chapter 4 presents a new route towards the total synthesis of apomorphine with a focus on divergent total synthesis allowing for the synthesis of novel analogs.Release after 04/25/202
Towards Ultimate Squeezed Light Generation in Thin-Film Lithium Niobate
No full textSqueezed light is a crucial quantum resource with applications in quantum sensing, quantum networking, and quantum computing. The recently developed thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform promises to outperform conventional platforms for squeezed light generation due to its nonlinear strength, scalability, and capability for squeezed light manipulation. In this dissertation, we first demonstrate broadband squeezed light with 0.6 dB measured and 2.6 dB inferred using single-pass TFLN waveguides. We also identify and address three major issues that limit the generation of ultra-high squeezing levels: 1) low nonlinear efficiency, 2) chip coupling loss, and 3) propagation loss. To address the issue of low nonlinear efficiency, we demonstrate a second-order nonlinear efficiency of 104 %/W by overcoming the limitations imposed by nanoscale inhomogeneity. This was achieved through the development of an adapted poling approach, which eliminates the impact of nanoscale inhomogeneity. To tackle the issue of chip coupling losses, we developed a three-dimensional forward-taper mode converter that enlarges the optical mode. The forward taper edge coupler features ultra-low loss, ultra-wide bandwidth, and polarization insensitivity. Finally, we propose a simulation model that links propagation loss with arbitrary-shape waveguide surface roughness to provide a clear direction for optimizing propagation loss. With these three major issues resolved, we expect to achieve unprecedented levels of squeezing soon.Release after 05/23/202
Unraveling the Role of TMEM184B in Neuronal Endolysosomal Acidification
No full textAltered endolysosomal acidification has been associated with neurological diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders and Alzheimer's Disease. In these conditions, reduced acidification of these compartments leads to the accumulation of cytotoxic proteins, impaired neuronal homeostasis, and ultimately, neuronal death. This dissertation identifies transmembrane protein 184B (TMEM184B), as a novel regulator of endolysosomal acidification and neural development. Using RNA-sequencing, behavioral assays, immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS), confocal imaging, and co-immunoprecipitation assays, this study indicates that TMEM184B promotes endolysosomal acidification, supports synaptic development, and maintains neuronal function over time. Tmem184b-deficient mice display altered expression of synaptic genes by five months of age, particularly in synapse assembly and neural development, with Wnt-activated enhancer elements enriched. Behavioral analysis indicates normal object recognition but reduced anxiety, a common observation in certain neurodevelopmental disorders. Proteomic analysis of binding partners revealed that TMEM184B interacts with multiple proteins involved in endosomal trafficking, including the vesicular proton pump (V-ATPase). TMEM184B predominantly localizes to early and late endosomes in the cell. In the absence of TMEM184B, endolysosomal acidification is diminished, consistent with impaired V-ATPase subdomain assembly. Together, these findings suggest a novel role for TMEM184B in endolysosomal homeostasis and neural development, offering insights into its potential implications in both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.Release after 01/01/202
Scoping Literature Review: Untreated Hearing Loss Associations With Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Social Isolation, Poorer Quality of Life, and the Impact of Hearing Aids for Working-Age Adults
No full textThe purpose of this paper was to examine the negative effects of untreated hearing loss on mental health, specifically focusing on anxiety, depression, social isolation, and quality of life for working-age adults. A review of ten research studies revealed that untreated hearing loss, especially more severe, has a significant detrimental impact on mental health. In this paper, working-age adults were of primary focus, and it was found across the reviewed research studies that hearing loss not only caused mental health issues but also decreased ability to work and increased sick leave time, therefore reducing productivity and quality of life. On a positive note, many of the studies reviewed found that appropriate amplification, audiologic rehabilitation, and professional and familial support significantly reduced the impact of hearing loss on mental health and increased people’s productivity and quality of life. It is clear that treating hearing loss has a meaningful impact on working-age adult’s lives and ultimately, society as a whole
Stray Light Analysis and Control for a Compact on-Axis 6.5-M Three Mirror Anastigmat (TMA) Space Telescope
No full textStray light analysis and control has become a massive investment in space telescopes asthe capabilities of launching large aperture telescopes continues to increase. Using a process similar to what was done with the James Webb Space Telescope, this thesis outlines and details the process of stray light analysis and control for a compact 6.5 m space telescope. Starting with the initial optical and mechanical design, the stay light control process, and then analysis of Point Source Transmission (PST) graphs. It ends with the identification of Critical and Illuminated surfaces, as the entire process repeats itself until the scientific and cost goals for the project are set, allowing for future research and development to continue onward from there
Navigating through Obsession and Resistance: Perceptions and Identities of ESL Teachers
No full textPakistan, a country boasting a rich tapestry of languages with around 77 spoken in daily life (Eberhard et al., 2020), experiences a tug-of-war between Urdu and English for dominance in educational and social spheres. English, in particular, elicits two distinct attitudes. The elite, well-versed in English, actively promote it, fueling society's fixation with the language. Conversely, the non-elite, especially the middle and lower-middle classes, regard English as prestigious yet resent its dominance due to unequal access and limited prospects, often leading to resistance. English teachers in Pakistan typically enter the profession for social standing and better financial prospects, often lacking formal training, yet they must navigate these contrasting attitudes and societal dynamics in their teaching.Teachers' perceptions are profoundly influenced by social realities and circumstances (De Costa et al., 2018), significantly impacting language teaching for both teachers and students. This interconnectedness of English language education with the societal landscape necessitates understanding the deep-seated beliefs about the language in local contexts. Due to evolving global dynamics, language teachers grapple with uncertainties about what and how to teach (Kramsch, 2014), balancing personal perceptions, student needs, social demands, and political landscapes. Given the dominance of the English language in Pakistan and the Pakistani education system, English teaching has an impact on society; and the societal perceptions about English have an impact on its teaching as well. This dissertation delves into the perceptions of English teachers in Pakistan, exploring the multifaceted factors that shape their identity and thoughts about English teaching. Through qualitative interviews with five female English teachers from Karachi, the study investigates the formation of English teachers’ perspectives about English and looks at how reflective these perceptions are of the obsession with and resistance against English in the society. The findings reveal that the teachers feel pride in their role but face challenges such as intense scrutiny, unrealistic expectations, and a heavy workload. Their identity emerges as a blend of personal experiences, societal perceptions, and external expectations, leading to a constant negotiation between pride and societal pressures. The analysis also reveals complex beliefs about the importance of English, tied to its historical legacy and foreign influence. Overall, the study highlights intricate connections and relationships between English teaching and the society, offering several implications for teacher education and educational policy in both public and private schools. These implications include a reevaluation of education policy, English teacher expectations and curriculum design
Teacher Certification: Can the Alternate Path Less Traveled Lead to Success?
No full textTeacher self-efficacy plays a vital role in instructional effectiveness, student achievement, and teacher retention, particularly in literacy instruction. This explanatory sequential mixed methods study examined novice teachers’ self-efficacy in literacy instruction by comparing those from traditional teacher preparation programs (TPP) and alternative pathways (AP). Additionally, the study explored the impact of teacher induction programs on self-efficacy development and student reading outcomes.The quantitative phase utilized the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy for Literacy Instruction (TSELI) scale, administered at the beginning and midpoint of the school year, along with student reading data from the Next Steps in Guided Reading Assessment (NSGRA). Independent and dependent t-tests revealed no statistically significant changes in teacher self-efficacy over time or between certification pathways. AP teachers demonstrated a slight (non-significant) increase in self-efficacy, while TPP teachers’ scores slightly declined. In contrast, student reading data revealed a statistically significant difference (p < .0001), with students of TPP teachers achieving greater literacy gains than those of AP teachers. The qualitative phase involved semi-structured interviews with six novice teachers. Four key assertions emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) induction programs played a critical role in enhancing teacher self-efficacy, particularly through coaching and structured feedback; (2) collaboration and access to resources enhanced novice teachers’ literacy instruction and instructional confidence; (3) teacher-student relationships were central to effective instruction and supported the development of teacher self-efficacy and student literacy growth; and (4) novice teachers’ self-efficacy varied based on instructional demands and preparation pathways, with AP teachers experiencing a steeper learning curve and greater reliance on induction support.
These findings suggest that while induction programs support novice teachers in meaningful ways, self-efficacy does not automatically improve within the first semester. Certification pathway was associated with student outcomes, indicating a need for enhanced instructional training, particularly for AP teachers. Strengthening induction programs through structured mentorship, collaborative learning, and differentiation support may lead to improved teacher development and student literacy achievement
Near-Peer Course Support and Students’ Sense of College Belonging in Large Enrollment Upper-Level Psychology Courses
No full textIn the college context, a sense of belonging tends to be positively associated with academic outcomes and wellbeing, especially among underrepresented students such as students from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds. However, facilitating a sense of belonging in large college classrooms remains a challenge. Near-peer instructional models can enhance retention, academic performance, and psychological factors like growth mindset and self-efficacy. However, research primarily has focused on introductory medical and STEM courses, leaving a gap in understanding their impact on upper-level psychology courses, which are also vital for retention and often serve as transfer students' entry point to four-year institutions.This research aims to address this gap by examining the relationship between students' sense of college belonging and their connectedness to near-peer instructors (Learning Assistants) in large upper-level psychology courses. Two studies were conducted to explore this relationship, focusing on how students' sociodemographic characteristics and the shared minority status between students and Learning Assistants influence this connection. My analysis highlights the potential of Learning Assistants (LAs) to facilitate a sense of belonging among upper-level psychology students in large enrollment classes, while also revealing some theoretically unexpected results and areas for future research. On one hand, the findings underscore the significant role LAs can play in fostering a sense of belonging, which is essential for academic success, retention, and overall well-being. On the other hand, their effectiveness may vary based on learner characteristics. Future research should identify specific factors that influence these dynamics to better leverage near-peer support for diverse student populations
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mental Health Training in Nursing Homes
No full textThis program evaluation assessed the effectiveness of a behavioral health training program for nursing home staff, aligning with federal guidelines to enhance care quality. The evaluation examined the program’s impact on staff knowledge, confidence, and preparedness in recognizing and managing behavioral health challenges among residents. The training was designed to enhance staff competencies in recognizing and managing common mental health disorders, fostering therapeutic relationships, and implementing self-care strategies to support high-quality resident care. The increasing prevalence of severe mental illness among nursing home residents requires specialized training for caregivers (Gerlach & Maust, 2022). Managing nursing home residents with mental health challenges contributed to staff stress, burnout, and decreased care quality (Harper et al., 2019). Federal regulations, including F-tags, mandate staff training in recognizing and managing mental health disorders. This training incorporated evidence-based approaches, including nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions, to support a person-centered care model while addressing stakeholder concerns (Elizaitis, 2020).
A video-based training program, aligned with F-tag 838 Facility Assessment standards, was implemented at two nursing homes in Oahu, Hawaii. It consisted of five 20-minute videos covering mental health fundamentals, specific conditions, and therapeutic strategies—a quantitative pre- and post-evaluation design measured changes in staff knowledge and attitudes. The training involved 316 staff members, with 149 completing pre-evaluations (47%) and 96 completing post-evaluations (30%). Favorable ratings increased from 57% pre-training to 80% post-training (p < 0.05), with 85% of post-survey respondents expressing a strong intent to apply the knowledge received in the training to their practice. These findings underscore the effectiveness of structured behavioral health training in enhancing nursing home staff competencies and preparedness in managing residents' behavioral health needs