Wofford College

Pisgah United Methodist Church, Aynor

Wofford College 
Digital Commons @ Wofford 
Methodist Local Church Records Methodist Collection 
4-3-2024 
Pisgah Aynor History 
Pisgah United Methodist Church, Aynor 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/churchrecords 
 Part of the History of Christianity Commons 
Recommended Citation 
Pisgah United Methodist Church, Aynor, "Pisgah Aynor History" (2024). Methodist Local Church Records. 
295. 
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/churchrecords/295 
This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Methodist Collection at Digital Commons @ Wofford. It 
has been accepted for inclusion in Methodist Local Church Records by an authorized administrator of Digital 
Commons @ Wofford. For more information, please contact stonerp@wofford.edu. 







































Pisgah Aynor History

Wofford College 
Digital Commons @ Wofford 
Methodist Local Church Records Methodist Collection 
4-3-2024 
Pisgah Aynor Membership Records Volume 3 
Pisgah United Methodist Church, Aynor 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/churchrecords 
 Part of the History of Christianity Commons 
Recommended Citation 
Pisgah United Methodist Church, Aynor, "Pisgah Aynor Membership Records Volume 3" (2024). Methodist 
Local Church Records. 297. 
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/churchrecords/297 
This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Methodist Collection at Digital Commons @ Wofford. It 
has been accepted for inclusion in Methodist Local Church Records by an authorized administrator of Digital 
Commons @ Wofford. For more information, please contact stonerp@wofford.edu. 



















Pisgah Aynor Membership Records Volume 3

Wofford College Environmental Studies Program

Wofford College 
Digital Commons @ Wofford 
The Fierce Green Fire Environmental Studies 
3-15-2024 
The Fierce Green Fire: Vol. 14 Issue 15 
Wofford College Environmental Studies Program 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/fiercegreenfire 
Recommended Citation 
Wofford College Environmental Studies Program, "The Fierce Green Fire: Vol. 14 Issue 15" (2024). The 
Fierce Green Fire. 319. 
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/fiercegreenfire/319 
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Environmental Studies at Digital Commons @ 
Wofford. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Fierce Green Fire by an authorized administrator of Digital 
Commons @ Wofford. For more information, please contact stonerp@wofford.edu. 
 
 
 
 
 
The Fierce Green Fire 
A Newsletter of the Wofford College Environmental Studies Program 
Volume 14, Issue 15 
Honeybee Hives at Glendale 
by John Henry Tennant ’25 
 
beekeepers an educational crash course 
on the anatomy of honeybees, some of 
the important signals and pheromones, 
common diseases, and pests in hives, 
and how to perform a hive inspection 
and maintain healthy hives. After a 
short lunch break, the group donned bee 
suits and jackets and installed the bees 
in their new homes. On Monday, March 
11th, the group performed one of their 
first inspections and began to feed the 
bees syrup to get them started and 
settled into their new location. This is an 
ongoing process, which will continue to 
grow and improve, and an exciting new 
addition to our department! 
Bees at Glendale! This week, the 
Environmental Studies Department 
installed two hives of honeybees at the 
Goodall Center. This project was 
proposed and started by a fellow 
student, Katherine Crum, and carried 
out further with the help of Dr. Brewitt 
and major support from a Wofford 
graduate, Susan Crook, the director of 
the South Carolina Master Beekeeper 
Program. Mrs. Crook not only 
provided the bees, boxes, and frames 
for the project, but also led a 
beekeeping boot camp earlier on the 
morning of Saturday, March 9th, which 
gave all prospective Wofford 
ENVS450-Senior Seminar recently hosted an alumni panel to talk about life and work 
after Wofford. ENVS Alumni included (l to r) Phillip LeRoy ’16, Kelly Blake Hobson ’13, 
John Farrell ’22, Thomas O’Neal ’19, and Sarah Madden ’17.  
Contact Dr. 
Brewitt if 
you are 
interested in 
helping with 
the bees. 
 
 
 
____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
The Fierce Green Fire, Vol. 14 Issue 15 March 15, 2024 
 
Upcoming Events and Opportunities 
PROFILE OF THE WEEK: 
Dartmouth – Ecology, Evolution, Environment and Society Program  
Ecology, Evolution, Environment and Society Program 
(EEES) was originally established in the early 1990s as 
part of Dartmouth’s interdisciplinary Environmental 
Studies Program, which is one of the oldest in the 
country.   
Dartmouth has partnerships with field sites around the 
world as well as local sites near campus for 
environmental investigation and research.  There are 
three areas of study in Ecology and Evolutionary 
Biology, Ecosystems and Earth Systems, and 
Environment and Society.  EEES also offers the 
opportunity to further this degree with a Ph.D. 
through the Department of Biological Sciences or the 
Department of Earth Sciences.  
The school also has an organic farm located 3 miles 
from campus where students learn about sustainable 
food and energy systems.  The farm provides 
research and internship opportunities to 
undergraduate and graduate students at Dartmouth. 
Dartmouth’s EEES Graduate Program 
 
 
 Follow the Goodall Center Instagram page. 
 
April 13th  
9:00-11:00am 
Goodall Center, 351 
Broadway St, Glendale, SC 
29346 
Second Saturdays Volunteer Day in Glendale: Join us on the second Saturday of the 
month to help beautify the garden and surrounding areas at the Goodall Center. 
Register here to let us know you’re coming. 
March 23rd   
9:00-2:00pm 
County Administration 
Building, 366 N Church St, 
Spartanburg, 29303   
16th Annual Hazardous Household Waste Collection Event: Spartanburg County residents 
can bring their household hazardous materials to be recycled. See list of acceptable 
items. 
Frances Bukovsky Talk: Join us for this artist’s talk, Between Diagnosis and Experience: 
Photography and Chronic Illness. Can art bridge the gap between a diagnosis and the true 
impact of illness within a patient’s life? 
March 21st    
11:00am-12:00pm 
Chandler 109 
March 22nd   
Application Deadline 
 
Greenville Soil and Water Spring/Summer 2024 Internship: 10-20 hours/week at $15/hour. 
Internships begin in April and run through the end of summer. Apply here. 
  
The Environmental Education Association of South Carolina is seeking individuals or 
groups/organizations to present sessions during the 2024 Annual Conference, June 
20-22, at USC Upstate. The theme is Climate ResiliencEE: How to Save the Planet 2024. 
Learn more and submit your proposals. 
April 1st  
Application Deadline 
  


English

The Fierce Green Fire: Vol. 14 Issue 15

Wofford College. Office of Marketing and Communications

ISSUE #165 | JUNE 6, 2024 | FROM THE OFFICE OF MARKETING AND COMMUNICATIONS
Wofford College baseball notches historic season
The Terriers celebrating at Flour Field after clinching their first SoCon Tournament Championship since
2007.
The Terrier baseball team brought home a Southern Conference Tournament Championship
in May and made a strong showing in the Chapel Hill Regional. Wofford defeated Long Island
5-2 on June 1 to win its first NCAA Division I College Regional game. The Terriers, led by J.J.
Edwards in his first year as head coach, ended their historic campaign with a 42-20 record,
tying the 2022 team for wins in a season. The 2024 championship team also broke college
records for runs scored (617), hits (716), triples (33), RBIs (559), walks drawn (317) and
sacrifice flies (41).
READ MORE
Porter brings animated film to life
Kara Porter ’20 discovered her interest in animation during her senior year at Wofford.
Kara Porter ’20 is creating magic in the film industry – literally. Porter, a technical director at
Mikros Animation, was recently part of the animation team for “Thelma the Unicorn,” a new
musical adventure comedy film on Netflix.
“As a technical director, I help develop software and tools the artists then use to animate and
create the movie,” Porter explains. “When a scene or a tool is not working correctly, we are
tasked with finding the issue and fixing it.”
Porter, who is originally from Holly Springs, North Carolina, received a bachelor’s degree
from Wofford College in computer science and studio art.
READ MORE
Advocating for small farms
Caroline Adams ’27 feels at home in the college’s community garden.
Caroline Adams ’27 was “brought up raising green beans, corn and cattle.” Seems simple
enough. Her platform with Future Farmers of America and her plan for the future, however,
are anything but.
Adams ’27, an environmental studies major from Lake Wylie, South Carolina, grew up in a
farming family. Her grandparents owned a small beef cattle farm. Her aunt owned a large
turkey farm, and some of Adams’ earliest photos include her holding baby animals.
She took agriculture classes in middle school and became involved in the Future Farmers of
American through those. She won an FFA regional tournament for creed speaking and
became president of her high school chapter during her senior year. She served as statewide
president during her first year at Wofford.
“My grandfather introduced me to agriculture,” says Adams. “When his health started to
decline, and he didn’t have insurance to deal with early onset dementia, our family had to sell
the cows and equipment. Small family farms often fail because of medical emergencies and
health care costs. I want to change that.”
READ MORE
A swab story
Andrew Arends ’24 undergoes his stem cell donation for a leukemia patient on April 17 at Prisma Health
Greenville Memorial Hospital.
Two years ago, Andrew Arends ’24 made a commitment. Inspired by the example of his
former classmate Emily Hathcock ’23, Arends signed up for the stem cell donation registry
NMDP, formerly the National Bone Marrow Donor Program and Be the Match.
“Emily set up a table in the Mungo Student Center and encouraged people to come by,” says
Arends, who is originally of St. Matthews, South Carolina. “You could submit a mouth swab to
see if you’re a DNA match. It was a super easy process. So, I did it.”
As the months passed, Arends admits he forgot about the commitment. To his surprise, he
received a call in January while interning in Washington, D.C.
READ MORE
Athletics updates
Wofford announces latest NCAA APR scores.
Mannelly named to All-Region team.
Black and Wiley make CSC Academic All-District Team.
Wofford names AFL Student-Athlete Leaders for May.
Three softball players make CSC Academic All-District Team.
Follow us @woffordcollege


Conquer and Prevail Issue 165 June 6 2024

Barbas Rhoden, Laura

Bradham, Jennifer L

Schwartz, Grace

Wofford College 
Digital Commons @ Wofford 
Community Based Research Community Based Research 
2-21-2024 
Place-Based Research at Local Scales 
Laura Barbas Rhoden 
Wofford College, barbasrhodenlh@wofford.edu 
Jennifer L. Bradham 
Wofford College, bradhamjl@wofford.edu 
Grace Schwartz 
Wofford College, schwartzge@wofford.edu 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/community 
 Part of the Community-Based Research Commons 
Recommended Citation 
Barbas Rhoden, Laura; Bradham, Jennifer L.; and Schwartz, Grace, "Place-Based Research at Local 
Scales" (2024). Community Based Research. 11. 
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/community/11 
This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Community Based Research at 
Digital Commons @ Wofford. It has been accepted for inclusion in Community Based Research by an authorized 
administrator of Digital Commons @ Wofford. For more information, please contact stonerp@wofford.edu. 
Welcome to the 2024
SC's Nonprofit Summit
Download Cvent To Join The Conversation & Plan Your Day
Wofford College
Place-Based Research at 
Local Scales Dr. Grace Schwartz
Dr. Jen Bradham
Dr.  Laura Barbas-Rhoden
Session Overview
This session shares strategies academics and 
collaborators outside of academia use to co-ideate, fund, 
and conduct research that centers community 
knowledge and agency and furthers community-led 
change. The presentation offers examples from 
collaborative, place-based research projects related to 
health equity and safe and supportive communities in 
Spartanburg and underscores how interdisciplinary 
research undertaken with and in communities can 
inform change.  
Learning 
Objective
“I’ve deepened my understanding of how research among 
academic and community collaborators can be co-ideated, 
funded, and conducted and how data in community hands 
can further action from programming to policy.” 
Research Site: Spartanburg, SC
4
Co-Ideation
Dynamic, complex, varied.
Intentional and serendipitous.
Emergent from opportunities created or 
cultivated for co-ideation.
Examples: social impact networks and 
collectives; formal partnerships; direct queries 
and invitations.
Qualitative Projects: Environment, Health, 
Place
Dinkins, Christine Sorrell; Barbas Rhoden, Laura; Gonzalez, Mariana; 
Lomeli-Garcia, Mayra; Lopez, Sandra; Ortiz, Hector; Stevens, Jay; and 
Taylor, Naya, "Contextualizing Kindergarten Readiness Data: A 
Qualitative Research Study of the Highland Neighborhood in 
Spartanburg, South Carolina" (2020). Community Based Research. 6. 
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/community/6 
Gonzalez, Mariana; Hughes, Kathleen; Lomeli-Garcia, Mayra; Lopez, 
Sandra; Barbas-Rhoden, Laura H.; and Dinkins, Christine S., 
"Inclusive Place-Making in Spartanburg, SC: Amplifying Latinx 
Voices through Community-Based Research" (2018). Community 
Based Research. 1. 
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/community/1
Lomeli-Garcia, Mayra; Stevens, Jay; Gonzalez, Mariana; Lopez, 
Sandra; Ortiz, Hector; Taylor, Naya; Barbas Rhoden, Laura; and 
Dinkins, Christine S., "Contextualizing Kindergarten Readiness Data: 
A Qualitative Research Study of Forest Park Neighborhood in 
Spartanburg, South Carolina" (2020). Community Based Research. 4. 
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/community/4 
Lopez, Sandra; Ortiz, Hector; Gonzalez, Mariana; Lomeli-Garcia, 
Mayra; Stevens, Jay; Taylor, Naya; Barbas Rhoden, Laura; Dinkins, 
Christine Sorrell; and Quiñones, Gianella E., "Out of School Time 
(OST) for Latinx Youth: A Qualitative Research Study in Spartanburg, 
South Carolina" (2020). Community Based Research. 8. 
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/community/8. 
Barbas Rhoden, Laura; Curiel Muñoz, Nora; and Valenzuela Swanson, 
Natalia, "Recommendations for Food Systems Work Based Upon 
Research and Data Related to Latinx Residents of Spartanburg 
County" (2020). Community Based Research. 7.
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/community/7
Barbas Rhoden, Laura, "Healthy eating & active living in childhood 
in Latinx households in Spartanburg, SC: a community-engaged 
qualitative research study on assets and challenges" 
(2020). Community Based Research. 5.
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/community/5
Emon, Kaelyn; Arnold, Emily; Carter, Samantha; Jones, Hayden; 
Owens, Sarah; Tufts, Noel A.; White, Tiana; Barbas Rhoden, Laura; 
and Dinkins, Christine S., "Climate Stories: South Carolina, Volume 
1" (2023). Community Based Research. 10.
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/community/10
Out-of-School Time for 
Latinx Youth | Co-ideation
• Emergent from conversations in 
community about lowering rate of teen 
pregnancy in Spartanburg County.
• Examination of the data pointed to 
persistent disparities.
• Decision-makers wanted to understand 
the whys behind the disparities to better 
support youth thriving.
• Question: What does out-of-school time 
look like for Latinx youth and families?
Source: “Teen Birth Rates Historical Low.” Mary Black 
Foundation blog post.
Design and Funding
• Two faculty, Drs. Laura Barbas-Rhoden and 
Christine Dinkins, and six bilingual students
• One-on-one interviews in English and Spanish
• Socratic approach in interviewing | researcher 
centers and defers to agency of the 
interlocutor
• 10 weeks from student training to completion 
of data gathering
• Transcription, translation, and coding of 
transcripts
• Analysis of themes | elevation of voices
• Community peer review and 
recommendations 
• Funded by Wofford Office of Undergraduate 
Research
Student fellows: Mayra Lomeli-García, Hector Ortiz, 
Sandra López, Naya Taylor, Jay Stevens, Mariana 
González
Findings (Key Themes)
Social Connectedness and Social Isolation: Family Dynamics. Intersectional forces affect social 
connectedness and social isolation for Spartanburg area Latinx youth. These include the following: • 
Parenting approaches • Perceptions of financial stress and the connection to parental expectations 
of children • Parents’ perceptions of lack of safe spaces • Work schedules and lack of access to 
transportation limit youth OST options • Work schedules limit time to connect as a family • Barriers 
to parental involvement in schools and children’s healthcare: English proficiency, work schedules, 
transportation • Care work commitments of women and girls within the household 
Social Connectedness in Institutional Spaces • Schools and theater programs at school • (Catholic) 
church 
Sexual Health, Dating, and Family Expectations • Youth discouraged or prohibited from dating • 
Parents sometimes uncomfortable discussing sexual health with their children • Sex education 
classes in the schools • Teen pregnancy
Impacts
Open Access Report: Lopez, Sandra; Ortiz, Hector; Gonzalez, Mariana; Lomeli-Garcia, Mayra; Stevens, Jay; Taylor, 
Naya; Barbas Rhoden, Laura; Dinkins, Christine Sorrell; and Quiñones, Gianella E., "Out of School Time (OST) for 
Latinx Youth: A Qualitative Research Study in Spartanburg, South Carolina" (2020). Community Based Research. 
8. https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/community/8
Data informed allocation of funding from a $4.4 million dollar federal grant | PASOs Spartanburg (now Vida y 
Salud) received support for the implementation of an evidence-based, culturally responsive curriculum designed 
for Hispanic/Latinx families
Student research fellows (majority first-gen) presented locally, regionally, and nationally at conferences
Student produced podcast series that shared and reflected on the research:
Climate Stories: SC, vol. 1: Co-ideation 
• Wofford faculty in dialogue with 
local community organizers and 
Penn Program in Environmental 
Humanities
• Question: How are people in 
South Carolina experiencing 
climate change? How do they 
express their experiences and 
feelings about it?
• Our Why?
Climate 
Stories: The 
Why
Climate Stories: South Carolina, vol. 1: 
Funding and Design
• Two faculty and seven students
• One-on-one interviews
• Socratic approach in interviewing | 
researcher centers and defers to 
agency of the interlocutor
• 10 weeks from student training to 
completion of data gathering
• Transcription
• Design, layout, and graphics
• Community peer review and 
recommendations: Gia Quiñones 
and Kendall Shelton
Climate Stories: SC, vol. 1: Voices and Impacts
Climate Stories: SC, vol. 1: Impacts
Elevating the conversation at Wofford and in Spartanburg | public release of vol. 1 during 2023 Climate Week 
An Analysis of Greenspace 
Equity
What is the spatial distribution of parks and green spaces in 
Spartanburg? What are residents’ experiences and perceptions of 
parks? 16
Co-ideation and Funding
17
• Quantitative Team: Student Fellows with Dr. Jen Bradham
• Qualitative Team: Student Fellows with Dr. Laura Barbas Rhoden
• Community Context Experts Nora Curiel-Muñoz, Angelia Edwards, and 
Toni Sutton
• Institutional Interlocutors including Partners for Active Living, Mary Black 
Foundation, City Parks & Rec
• Funded by Wofford Undergraduate Research program
Research Process: Mixed-methods study
18
Phenomenological Observation
• 29 observations in June and July of parks located in the 
City and County
• Neighborhood parks, destination parks, and one “not 
park”
Socratic Interviews | big 
question, interlocutor agency
• 16 transcribed interviews
• Neighborhood, grassroots, community leaders and 
people in parks who agreed to an interview
Coding for emergent themes
Qualitative Data 
Collection
Quantitative Data 
Collection
Spatial Data Analysis
• Map park boundaries, size, and location (n = 76 
locations)
• Two resolutions: census tract and zip code
Analysis of Park Quality
• Quantify number of different amenities, total number 
of amenities present, and quality of each amenity
Analysis of Park Use
• Calculate monthly and weekly park visits using cell 
phone data
19
20
Census tracts with the greatest number of
non-English speakers
Census tracts with the greatest number of
Hispanic-identifying individuals
“So, a group of us -that had kids 
that enjoyed skateboarding- got 
together and started trying to 
figure out how we could create a 
space for them to skateboard and 
it became a partnership with the 
city and other private individuals 
in town and just the wheels got 
turning.” [14]
Resident-
driven park 
creation
21
Impacts
CELEBRATING SUCCESS OF 
COMMUNITY-DRIVEN EFFORTS FOR 
PARKS IN CITY OF SPARTANBURG 
OVER A DECADE PRIOR TO THE 
STUDY
INFORMING NEIGHBORHOOD 
AND COMMUNITY LEVEL 
ORGANIZING
DEMONSTRATING 
RELEVANCE OF MIXED 
METHODS RESEARCH
Lead Concentrations in 
Spartanburg City 
Playground Soils
Co-Ideation
Follow up to the Greenspace Equity research project
If there are inequities in park 
access and quality, are there 
also inequities in pollution 
exposure at these parks?
Funding: Support from Wofford College
• Wofford Summer Faculty-Student Collaborative Research Program 
grant
• $20,125
• Faculty stipend
• Student hourly pay and meal plans for three students
• Laboratory supplies
• Wofford Papadopoulos Fund
• $9,200
• Student hourly pay and meal plans for two students
Total Budget: $29,325
Why Lead?
• Lead is a very common urban pollutant
• Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal element that occurs 
naturally in the Earth’s crust 
• Average U.S. background concentration = 25.8 ppm
   (USGS)
• Urban areas tend to have higher concentrations. 
Generally, concentrations less than 50 ppm are 
considered uncontaminated
• Lead will never degrade. Soil is its ultimate 
repository.
Where does the lead come from?
• Legacy contamination from industrial sites
• Contaminated soil
• Dust emissions
• Runoff
• Legacy contamination from leaded gasoline
• Runoff/Debris from older homes w/lead paint
• Most problematic if the paint is chipping and peeling
Lead is especially harmful to children
U.S. EPA
Co-ideation: Project Team
Student Research Fellows: Kleo Young, Carson Archie, Jill 
Hethcox, Maddie Glidden, and Megan Santos
Research Team
• Dr Grace Schwartz
• 5 Wofford undergraduates (Chemistry, 
Biology, and Environmental studies 
majors)
• Collaborators at Duke University and 
Furman University for access to 
instrumentation
Co-Ideation: Project Scope
18 City Parks: Focus on Playgrounds
• Which Parks to prioritize sampling first?
Meeting with Spartanburg Lead Paint Removal Program
• Informed us on the scope of the lead paint problem in Spartanburg
• Pointed us towards neighborhoods that could be possible hotspots
Students came up with a priority list based on:
• proximity to known lead sources
• Proximity to brownfields sites/superfund sites
• Land-use history 
• Neighborhood age
Sample Collection 
and Analysis
Collection:
• Total of 152 soil samples collected
• Soil samples were taken from the top 3 cm of soil
• 8 samples taken at each park (4 inside play area, 4 around 
the perimeter of the play area)
Preparation and Analysis:
• Soil was dried and sieved
• 8 hour heated acid digestion following EPA method 3050B
• Analyzed at Furman University (Dr. Mac Gilliland) and 
Duke University (Dr. Heileen Hsu-Kim and Dr. Nelson 
Rivera)
Data: Soil Lead Concentrations
How much Lead is too much?
• U.S. EPA: “The soil screening level (SSL) for lead represents a conservative estimate for a level 
that would be protective of public health in residential soils based on an analysis of the direct 
ingestion pathway for children. This value is for guidance only and is not enforceable” 
• 400 ppm for bare soil play areas
• California EPA:  “The concentration of lead in soil that would result in exposures that could 
increase a child’s blood lead level by 1 µg/dL was estimated using an exposure model and 
assumptions intended to be protective:  that children ingest 0.1 gram of soil or dust (about 2% of 
a teaspoon) every day, and that 44% of lead ingested with soil is available for absorption into the 
bloodstream.”
• 80 ppm residential soils (this level is not expected to cause adverse health effects in the 
most sensitive individuals)
Breaking news: U.S. EPA lowers advisory level 
to 200 ppm as of January 2024
Data: Nuanced results
• All parks were below the EPA advisory limit of 400 ppm for child play-areas
• However, the average South Converse Park concentration (106 ppm) was above 
the California EPA limit of 80 ppm
• South Converse Park concentrations were roughly 2x the next highest average 
park concentration
Impact: Addressing Equity Issues
Meeting with: City of Spartanburg, Spartanburg lead paint removal 
program, Southside community leaders, and Dr. Schwartz
• Results in context of EPA limit, CA EPA limit, and lead concentrations in other cities
• Remediation best practices 
• Discussion of possible lead sources
• Action plan for the future
• Interest in community-wide soil screening event
Impacts of Condemned and 
Abandoned Properties
What are the impacts of condemned and abandoned properties on 
neighborhood wellness in Una, Saxon, and Arcadia (USA)?
36
Co-ideation and Funding
• Email from a community-resident 
• Wofford Faculty-Student 
Collaborative research grants (to A. 
Handelsman and J. Bradham) + 10 
student researchers
• Romill Grant
37
Collaborator:
Dr. Alysa Handelsman 
(Cultural Anthropology)
Research Process: Mixed- Methods Study
• Interviews with residents, 
city and county officials 
and community leaders
• 500+ homes visited
• Archival research on 
neighborhood history
• Focus groups
• Summer camp
• Flea market
38
What is your favorite thing 
about your neighborhood?
39
43% of people responded “my home”
What is your favorite place in 
your neighborhood?
“It was once a good place to live”
“I used to know everyone on my street. We 
would check on each other.”
“People used to know their neighborhoods but 
not anymore. No one helps each other.”
“80% of all the houses [in our 
neighborhood] are condemned. They 
[are] all owned by CD Buff”
The Buff Family own 34% of parcels in the Una 
neighborhood and less than 2% of the properties are 
officially “condemned” in USA
Impacts
Youth Perspectives on 
community sustainability
How do youth perspectives on community and community 
sustainability vary across Spartanburg? 41
Co-Ideation and funding
• Email from Ms. Regan Hood (7th grade Geography at Carver Middle 
School)
• Also in collaboration with Dr. Alysa Handelsman (Wofford, 
Anthropology) and Mr. Fowler (7th grade Geography at McCracken 
Middle School)
• Funded via the Wofford office of Civil Rights, Compliance and 
Community Initiatives and the Wofford Center for Excellence in 
Teaching and Learning
42
Research Process: Mixed-methods study
Map 1: [individual] Draw actual and dream 
neighborhoods
Map 2: [collaborative] Draw your dream 
neighborhood with those who live around 
you
Map 3: [collaborative] Digitize your dream 
neighborhood with those who live around 
you using ArcGIS Pro
Map 4: [collaborative] PlaceIt! collaborative 
mapping exercise with everyday objects
Sharing: Collaboration between middle 
schools, data interpretation and reflection
43
44
Carver and 
McCracken Student 
Descriptions of their 
Actual Neighborhoods
South ConverseNeighborhood 1 Neighb rhood 2
Challenges 
•Project management
•Communication flows
•Higher education incentive structures vary; not all 
faculty may have institutional supports for publicly 
engaged work
•Access to instrumentation
•Talent recruitment: competitive compensation for 
student fellows
•Cost: labor, instruments
Discussion and Questions
Out-of-School Time and Latinx Youth
Climate Stories: South Carolina
Greenspace Equity
Soil Lead Concentrations in Playgrounds
Condemned Properties
Youth Perspectives
48
Contact us
Laura Barbas Rhoden
Barbasrhodenlh@wofford.edu
Jen Bradham
Bradhamjl@wofford.edu
Grace Schwartz
Schwartzge@wofford.edu
49
50


Place-Based Research at Local Scales

Pond Branch United Methodist Church, Gilbert

Pond Branch Gilbert The First 100 Years thru 1990 by Ruth S Smith

St. Andrew United Methodist Church, Easley

Wofford College 
Digital Commons @ Wofford 
Methodist Local Church Records Methodist Collection 
9-5-2024 
St. Andrew Easley Property Records 
St. Andrew United Methodist Church, Easley 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/churchrecords 
 Part of the History of Christianity Commons 
Recommended Citation 
St. Andrew United Methodist Church, Easley, "St. Andrew Easley Property Records" (2024). Methodist 
Local Church Records. 366. 
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/churchrecords/366 
This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Methodist Collection at Digital Commons @ Wofford. It 
has been accepted for inclusion in Methodist Local Church Records by an authorized administrator of Digital 
Commons @ Wofford. For more information, please contact stonerp@wofford.edu. 




















































St. Andrew Easley Property Records

Wesley Chapel United Methodist Church, Union

Wesley Chapel Union Church Council Minutes 2012-13

Wayne United Methodist Church, Georgetown

Wofford College 
Digital Commons @ Wofford 
Methodist Local Church Records Methodist Collection 
9-11-2024 
Wayne Georgetown Church Council Minutes 2003-05 
Wayne United Methodist Church, Georgetown 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/churchrecords 
 Part of the History of Christianity Commons 
Recommended Citation 
Wayne United Methodist Church, Georgetown, "Wayne Georgetown Church Council Minutes 2003-05" 
(2024). Methodist Local Church Records. 393. 
https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/churchrecords/393 
This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Methodist Collection at Digital Commons @ Wofford. It 
has been accepted for inclusion in Methodist Local Church Records by an authorized administrator of Digital 
Commons @ Wofford. For more information, please contact stonerp@wofford.edu. 




























































































































































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