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The protection and promotion of the rights of journalists in Tanzania.
Get PDFThe ability to freely acquire, search for, disseminate, and express opinions and ideas is foundational in a democratic society. When a state effectively safeguards the right to freedom of expression of all citizens, this has a rollover effect on other fundamental human rights. Freedom of expression often operates in tandem with the right to information, equality and human dignity. To this effect, freedom of expression has been recognized as a fundamental human right in various international, regional and sub-regional instruments. The scope and limitations of the right to freedom of expression has, over the years, been developed through regional and sub-regional cases. These cases have noted that, on the one hand, freedom of expression goes beyond a mere aspiration of states. State Parties to human rights’ instruments are bound by an obligation to give effect to this right. On the other hand, however, freedom of expression is not absolute and can be limited where such limitation is necessary, lawful, and proportional. Within the United Republic of Tanzania, techniques have been adopted to limit the right to freedom of expression of journalists. These range from the use of national laws to fines, suspensions, and imprisoning of journalists, to extrajudicial acts such as enforced disappearances in more extreme cases. Although, these techniques are not unique to the United Republic of Tanzania as the same ill treatment of journalists’ practices can be found in other countries. This study evaluates whether the legal framework, as well as the actions of the United Republic of Tanzania, in effect, protect and promote the right to freedom of expression specifically the rights of journalists. This study is divided in five chapters which aim to provide an in-depth coverage of the human rights systems in operation that are apply to journalists in Tanzania. The study also considers limitations in the regional, subregional and national legal frameworks and concludes with recommendations that could be adopted to ensure compliance with sub-regional, regional and international standards.Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty Law, Criminal and Procedural Law, 202
Infrastructure development: A framework for successful delivery of tower masts
Get PDFIn the South African context, the demand for network connectivity as a basic human right has increased (BusinessTech, 2022). In urban areas with functioning telecommunication network coverage the demand has heightened while there is also significant growth in the demand for network connectivity in remote and rural areas such as villages, small towns, as well as peri-urban areas. The rising demand for network coverage as well as the initiative to recognise network coverage as a basic human right prompted the South African government to put a plan in place for the supply of free internet data to low-income households (BusinessTech, 2022). The main aim of the study was to investigate the need for the construction, upgrade, and installation of telecommunications tower mast infrastructure in areas of the Eastern Cape that have a great need for the services. This was achieved by analysing the various requirements and challenges that technical teams are faced with within the telecommunications sector, and in doing so, the study aimed to understand the ways in which the infrastructure gap among different socio-economic groups in the country may be closed. The findings of the study suggest that, although there is a demand for construction of new tower mast infrastructure, there is a greater need for improving the existing infrastructure. It is recommended that this may be done through initiatives aimed at protecting the existing infrastructure against vandals, ensuring rural communities are assisted in the use of funds obtained from the leasing of land, there are more stringent consequence management processes in place for individuals who mismanage resources obtained from tower mast infrastructure, and that infrastructure sharing and the upgrade of existing infrastructure is the best alternative in increasing network coverage for rural areas.Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 202
AMANZI For Food
Get PDFThis action-oriented research project seeks to address the policy-practice contradiction that exists between commit-ments and requirements for citizen engagement and in-volvement in Integrated Water Quality Management (IWQM) and a lack of sustainable support for scaling high quality Citi-zen-based Water Quality Monitoring (CBWQM) practices that exist in South Africa
‘My friends would laugh at me’: embedding the dominant heterosexual script in the talk of primary school students
No full textThe dominant ‘heterosexual script’ positions men as sexually desiring subjects who initiate sex and use active displays of power to attract women, and women as passive sexual objects who use indirect means to attract men (e.g. physical appearance). While much research has highlighted how this script is deployed in high school settings, less work has attended to primary schools. We demonstrate how the script operates in the talk of primary school students in low resource South African schools. Data were generated in group discussions conducted for a mid-term review of a school-based sexual violence prevention programme. We show how the heterosexual script is embedded in students’ accounts through the regulatory mechanisms of interpersonal and social risks: threats of being ‘dumped’, sexual coercion, violence, and humiliation. These risks are learnt from an early age and may outweigh sexuality education messaging provided later on, which has implications for such interventions. To address this we advocate for early engagement with young people using a dialogical approach that creates a relational context for resistance to inequitable sexual scripts
Intergatind information and cominication technology into teaching and learning in selected Secondary Schools of OR Thambo Inland, Eastern Capee South Africa
No full textThis study aimed to determine the readiness of secondary schools, in the OR Tambo Inland region of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa, in integrating the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into their everyday teaching and learning. Most secondary schools in this region seem to lack ICT infrastructure and teachers seem to be unable to integrate technology into the everyday learning and teaching due to the lack of technology resources and other challenges. It has come to light that when secondary school learners reach tertiary institutions, their level of understanding when it comes to ICT activities differ immensely. This great difference in knowledge and skill makes it difficult for the lecturers to interact with them because some learners are computer literate, and some are not. The researcher believes that if all schools practice the use of ICT at secondary level that will bring all learners to the same level of knowledge, skill and understanding and that promotes uniformity across similar grades of learners. A qualitative research approach was chosen for this study by following an exploratory research design. The qualitative research method was chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of human behavior, experience, attitudes, intention, and motivations, based on interpretations, to find out the way people think and feel. The design used for this research enabled to get a better understanding of the existing problem. Data were collected through an interview guide and was analyzed via a thematic data analysis. A purposive sampling technique was used with a sample size of 30 participants that consisted of 27 teachers and three principals. The results show that some schools have already started integrating ICT into their teaching and learning but not across all learning areas. Teachers and principals have a degree of willingness to with ICT integration and are even willing to go for training to attain the necessary ICT skills. Findings show that in order to fill the gap in ICT integration with teaching and learning, curriculum adjustments and teacher motivation are necessary, and it is also evident use of ICT is becoming more popular in the education sector and that it can be attested by the higher education institutions which also benefited a lot during the lockdown period of the coronavirus outbreak. The study recommended that the Department of Basic Education (DBE) should ensure that schools are using ICT in their classroom and there should be ongoing teachers’ professional development to encourage the teachers to use ICT to teach their subjects. The study concluded that O.R. Tambo Inland participants are willing to include ICTs in their regular classroom instruction as long as they have the necessary expertise, technical support, a well-structured curriculum, and resources that are fully functional.Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Education, 202
An analysis on the skills development needs in the Supply Chain Management unit: a case-study of Eastern Cape Department of Education
Get PDFSupply chain management is very important for any organisation in the world. More so, a government’s supply chain management has to function and perform efficiently for it to be able to accomplish its set goals. In order to achieve this, it needs to ensure that it is staffed with competent, objective and impartial people. However, lack of skills among supply chain management personnel has been recognised as a major obstruction in ensuring that there effective and efficient functioning of supply chain management processes in South Africa. Therefore, there is need to explore the skills development needs in the supply chain management of a public institution. Incidentally, this research explored the skills development needs in the supply chain management unit of the Eastern Cape Department of Education. The study employed a qualitative approach, as such its research design was the case study research design and the interpretivist paradigm. The study made use of qualitative data. To collect the qualitative data semi-structured interviews were utilised. The selection of participants from the Eastern Cape Department of Education was done using purposive sampling. The data collected through fieldwork were analysed using thematic analysis. The standout themes from the data were the essential skills in SCM at the organisation (hard and soft skills), ensuring skills development, skills development needs and challenges, role if skills development in the organisation and strategies used to skills development. Based on the findings, it is suggested that strategies used for skills audit be reviewed so that more advanced skills that can address skills needs challenges immediately, when change occurs as well as meeting future skills needs. The study also recommends improved communication and information dissemination regarding skills development. The study also suggested for the organisation to invest more resources to ensure training of SCM unit personnel.Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 202
A model for linking innovation and sustainable growth of immigrant entrepreneurs in the Johannesburg Metropolitan Area, South Africa
Get PDFSouth Africa experienced hard times during the apartheid era. This led to some of the South African nationals seeking solace and hiding in neighbouring African countries. Post 1994, this situation has largely changed. Other African countries have not been as privileged to recover from the political turmoil nations have experienced and have left civilians stranded with no comfort or job security. It is for this reason that immigrants from other African countries track to South Africa for the hope and promise of a better future. While this is the case and hope, South Africa is dealing with its own issues of high unemployment rate, violence and crime, poverty, lack of quality education, drug and substance abuse, unstable political issues and influx of immigrants who have no plans or ways of survival. This makes things even harder for the government to accommodate everyone as the focus and priority is seen to be given to its citizens. Entrepreneurship becomes the most feasible and practical way of survival for the immigrants. Some of these businesses have stood the test of time, are making strides and thriving. Their growth journeys may even be better than those of citizens due to these businesses primarily being characterized by survival tactics. This study was hence conducted to predominantly formulate a model for linking the innovation and sustainable business growth of immigrant entrepreneurs. The secondary objective was to gauge if there is a significant relationship between innovation (incremental, radical, and technological) and sustainable business growth of immigrant entrepreneurs in the Johannesburg Metropolitan Area. A mixed approach was used to achieve these objectives. The population of the study targeted immigrant entrepreneurs from the African continent who are running small and medium (SME) businesses in the Johannesburg Metropolitan area. The data was gathered using semi-structured interviews and a survey. Seventeen (17) interviews were held, and one hundred and two (102) surveys were collected, totalling one hundred and nineteen (119) research study participants. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and snowballing due to the population of immigrant entrepreneurs being unknown in Johannesburg. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyse the data. The findings revealed that innovation played a major role in sustainable business growth of the immigrant entrepreneurs. The research study showed the typical measures of innovation (incremental, radical and technological) as well as business growth may not be reflective and applicable to the SME space due to the businesses being survival businesses. The research study recommends that development of immigrant entrepreneurship focused programs for coaching, support, funding, and handholding be of absolute government focus. Internal collaborative innovation agendas are key for businesses to balance incremental and radical innovation. This will minimise the reliance on business owners or leadership to drive innovation, but rather, for innovation to be a way of working for all in the business. Growth and sustainability rides on shared innovation as opposed to individually led or an isolated agenda. Education, change management and training of citizens and safety officials is recommended to understand the benefits of immigrant owned businesses as an economic driver and as a point of embracing fellow Africans. This will eliminate the stereotypes that make immigrant entrepreneurs exposed and uncomfortable in their business journeys.Thesis (DBA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 202
Human Resource Development model for cultivating a culture of innovation in local government: the case of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
Get PDFLocal government in South Africa is grappling with transforming democratic, accountable, and sustainable service provision to communities. Human Resource Management (HRM) plays an instrumental role in cultivating an innovative public service culture. It enables such a culture through workforce planning, recruitment, selection, induction, rewarding, budget allocation, training, and development. A culture of innovation provides an opportunity for local government to respond to pressing local needs within legislative and financial constraints. This study adopted a pragmatic research philosophy, and an exploratory sequential mixed methods research strategy and case study research design, to investigate human resources development strategies for cultivating a culture of innovation in local government, using a case study of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, in South Africa. Qualitative data was collected from twenty (n=20) purposefully sampled information-rich participants through indepth interviews and quantitative data from eighty (n=80) line officials using a structured questionnaire. Research findings indicate that HRM in BCMM is not optimally utilising HRM strategies to cultivate a culture of innovation. Study results show insufficiency of qualified human capital, which therefore, impose constraints on the capacity of the municipality to optimally cultivate a culture of innovation. Findings show that participants in leadership positions often lacked requisite knowledge and capacity on workforce planning, which is necessary for human capital needs analysis and for identifying skills gaps, which would subsequently inform recruitment and selection, induction, and human resources development of municipal human capital. Recruitment and selection processes as well as induction programmes are also often devoid of innovation human resources development practices and strategies. There were often not much rewards for employees who come up with innovative ideas or methods of executing their key performance areas. Lack of rewards was a barrier to innovation as the question of “what is in it for me?” remain unanswered. This could be the reason why there were few innovative activities taking place in local government and the case study municipality. Results further suggest that the organisational culture of the case study municipality was mostly conservative, as employees did not have fecund opportunities for trial and error of new methods of executing performance tasks, often strictly adhering to standard operating procedures. The organisational culture in the case study municipality was thus risk aversive, and a significant barrier to innovation. There was often poor communication on the availability of budget allocation for innovation. The study, therefore, recommended more effective and innovative workforce planning and using that information during recruitment and selection. It also recommended using rewards to motivate employees to be innovative, allowing trial and error, to test new ideas and methods as ways of cultivating a culture of innovation. There is thus a significant need and demand for transformation and innovation in local governance, heightened by increasing municipal dysfunction and citizen expectation. As such, providing human capital with requisite knowledge and skills, retaining talent, and inducing human resources to be immobile, build up high performance work systems (HPWS), essential for achieving sustainable local government functionality and municipal performance. Human Resource Development thus play a significant role, as it essentially provides training and development programmes to equip workers with innovative skills needed in local government. The study thus developed and recommended a human resource development model which could be contextually adapted by municipalities to cultivate and foster a culture of innovation for optimum municipal functionality.Thesis (DPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 202
Considering the scope of legal personality with special reference to the proposition of rights for non-human animals: the Al Shuwaikh Case and its implications for the development of South African Law
Get PDFThe treatment of sheep during export processes involving the Al Shuwaikh case has raised questions again about the scope and depth of non-human animal protections in South Africa and in particular the increasingly contested legal status of non-human animals under modern South African law. Currently non-human animals are classified as legal objects/things, and thus deprived of the benefits and protections afforded human animals, who are classified as legal subjects. Legal subjectivity is in turn the exclusive attribute of one who is considered a legal person i.e., a being or entity recognized under law as having legal personality. Fromthis basic distinction and concept in the law, all of the rights duties and capacities of humans and their collective legal vehicles arise. Equally, it is from their lack of legal personality under this legal classification, that non-human animals do not have/bear rights duties and capacities, and as a consequence are subject to the treatment that would otherwise be unacceptable if they were human animals. However, while this fundamental classification might seem to be an absolute in the legal system, the concept of legal personality is in fact a malleable construct, and has in fact changed and been changed through the ages in response to changing social mores of each age. Animal rights activists suggest therefore that one solution for addressing concerns regarding animal welfare would be to extend the scope of legal personality to include non-human animals. While prima face theoretically legally possible, this suggestion has been resisted on a variety of practical and intellectual grounds, thus creating a still contested area of social, and thus by natural extension, jurisprudential debate. Differing perceptions of the full nature and current capacity of the concept of legal personality lie at the heart of the debate/this contestation. Inspired by the Al Shuwaikh case, which serves as a new millennium factual basis/lens through which to beg the question of the exclusive attribution of personality to human but not non-human animals (or indeed other living or non-living entities), this thesis thus revisits the notion of legal personality, tracking its historical development and highlighting its de facto capacity for adaptation over time to respond changing social mores. Key changes and expansions of the construct are isolated, collected and compiled to provide a grounded overview of its larger potential for adaptation. Thereafter, and as a consequence of the aforementioned, the thesis then reflects on the current animal protection regime in South Africa, with due reference to glosses, where appropriate, gained to the perspectives gained from other jurisdictions about the potential for the extension of the concept of legal personality.Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, 202
Improving the mental health of women intimate partner violence survivors: Findings from a realist review of psychosocial interventions
Get PDFIntimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent and is associated with a range of mental health problems. A broad range of psychosocial interventions have been developed to support the recovery of women survivors of IPV, but their mechanisms of action remain unclear