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Irregular maintenance of gravel roads: its impact on access to social and economic services
Get PDFThe Eastern Cape remains the poorest and most rural province in South Africa. Roads in the province are generally in a poor condition and over the years they have been deteriorating, particularly in the rural areas. There is a general lack of regular maintenance of roads in most rural municipalities and in certain instances, this is exacerbated by the lack of resources. Intsika Yethu Municipality (IYM) is a rural municipality in the Chris Hani District served by a road network with a large number of gravel roads which are in a poor condition. The majority of the residents have sparse access to basic services and amenities. Consequently, they travel long distances, for at least an hour, to access services. The study adopted a quantitative research method. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data and non-probability and probability sampling procedures were utilised. A detailed statistical data analysis was conducted to test probable relationships between variables utilised in the research tool. The findings of this study revealed that the gravel roads in the area are not maintained regularly. During rainy seasons the roads become slippery, while several are flooded and unusable. Such condition of roads makes the rural areas to be generally inaccessible to essential service workers i.e. teachers, and healthcare workers. The findings further revealed that most gravel roads in IYM have not been maintained in the past 5 years. The drive along the network of roads is poor due to structural defects. Furthermore, the vehicles are forced to drive at a relatively slow speed. The condition of the poor roads affects the response time of emergency service transport. The response time averages between 3-12 hours depending on the distance of the area from the main towns. The condition of roads results in increased transport and travelling costs. The poor quality of the roads in the area makes it unattractive to skilled essential workers which has a negative impact on the residents. The research concludes that if gravel roads are maintained regularly, residents’ access to amenities could be improved and their livelihood could be enhanced.Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 202
Induction Heating as an alternative Localised Post Weld Heat Treatment for Friction Taper Hydro-Pillar Welds on thick-walled steam pipes
Get PDFWelding procedures regularly require a Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) after the completion of a weld. This PWHT process is principally to mitigate unwanted effects of the welding process which may negatively influence the functional performance of the welded structure. Amongst the unwanted effects that may arise due to welding is the development of unintended metallurgical and mechanical properties. This includes the creation of an un-tempered martensitic structure due to the rapid cooling of the weld region from temperatures above the material’s critical temperature. This typically results in weld regions with high tensile strength and high hardness, but also characterised by low ductility and reduced toughness. In order to improve ductility and toughness a PWHT cycle is often completed on the welded structure.Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 202
Assessing the technologies transforming the logistics Industry in Nelson Mandela Bay
Get PDFSupply chain disruptions such as those emanating from the current Covid 19 pandemic have made the logistics industry to undergo fast and unprecedented change. In such unpredictable times, innovation and technology adoption has emerged as one of the major trends and key solutions to lead the way for the future of logistics. This is also because a successful and efficient logistics strategy requires the use of technology, as well as the strategic value derived from a firm's capacity. This in turn enables firms to recognise possibilities and challenges resulting from technological advancement in order to attain long-term competitiveness. The industry is implementing these technologies with caution in order to provide faster, cheaper, more dependable and long-term supply. This study sought to investigate whether Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB) is keeping up with the current logistics technology trends and systems that are transforming logistics firms in South Africa, the African continent and the rest of the world. To achieve this primary objective, the study also sought to achieve the following sub-objectives, namely: to identify the logistics technologies transforming logistics firms in NMB; to assess the role of logistics technologies affecting logistics firms in NMB. The study also sought to ascertain the challenges of using logistics technologies transforming the logistics firms in NMB; and examine the effect of logistics technology adoption and use on business performance of logistics firms in NMB. The study used an online closed-ended questionnaire distributed via google forms to collect primary data from a sample of 132 respondents across all the logistics firms (which consisted of warehousing, transport and packaging firms) in NMB. The study targeted those respondents involved in the management of the targeted logistics firms. The empirical results show that technology use in logistics firms has advanced a lot to vehicle tracking, packaging, inventory control, and communication systems, as well as robotics among logistics firms in NMB. The results also identified logistics technologies such as the Internet of Things, Robotic Process automation, Digital Supply Chain Twins, Vendor managed system and RFID as some of the major technologies currently transforming the logistics firms in NMB. The study found that many challenges exist with logistics technology adoption, and cited lack of investment towards logistics technology; the fear of iii losing jobs as people get replaced by technology such as machines and robots; high logistics costs as some of the major challenges. More so, the study results reveal that logistics technology adoption and use play a positive and significant role in logistics firms. The study further reports a significant and positive effect of logistics technology adoption and use on business performance of logistics firms. This study concludes that though still at infancy stage, logistics firms in NMB are keeping upbreast with the current logistics technological trends. The study suggests that firms need to speed up the adoption of the needed logistics technologies available to their respective business in order to remain efficient and effective.Thesis (MA) --Faculty of Business and Economic science, 202
Exploring suicide ideation and depression among university students: a systematic review
Get PDFSuicide is one of the leading causes of death among the youth and university students. The aim of this study was to explore knowledge that is available in published literature on suicide ideation and depression among university students in the South African context. This study utilised a systematic review in exploring suicide ideation and depression among university students so that knowledge and awareness about the prevalence of and factors associated with suicide ideation and depression among young people at university could be established. Method: A systematic review was the methodology used in the study. The main aim of the systematic review was to answer the research question that was formulated through the Patient of interest, Intervention, Comparison intervention and Outcome of interest (PICO) format. After the research question was formulated, 100 articles were collected through PsycInfo, Google Scholar, Ebscohost, Research Gate, and Taylor and Francis websites. From the 100 articles, five articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected with guidance from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) flow chart. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) screening checklist was used to verify the eligibility of the five selected articles. Results: Three themes, which are effectiveness of psychological interventions, students who do not seek psychological interventions and decrease in suicide ideation and depression after intervention emerged from the eligible articles. The themes answered the research question and confirmed that psychological and psychosocial interventions decrease the rate of suicide ideation and depression among university students. The most effective interventions were individual therapy and online counselling.Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 202
Invasive radiological procedures: patients’ satisfaction with radiographers’ care in public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa
Get PDFThere has been a steady increase in invasive radiological procedures throughout the world. The situation is no different in Ghana and South Africa where the governments have sought to increase the equipment available for such procedures in public hospitals. However, complaints by patients and radiographers at the two public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa suggested that not all patients are satisfied with the radiographers’ care provided during invasive radiological procedures. The study aimed to investigate patients’ satisfaction with radiographers’ care during invasive radiological procedures at two public hospitals in Ghana and South Africa, and thereafter to do a comparison of the two hospitals. The study utilised a quantitative, comparative descriptive design. The theoretical framework that guided this study was Cox’s Interaction Model of Client Health Behaviour. The research population consisted of participants who had undergone various invasive radiological procedures. The data were collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the data collection instrument was enhanced by conducting a pilot study as well as through peer review and the guidance of a statistician. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were undertaken and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to the principles of beneficence, justice and respect for persons. Overall, there was greater patient satisfaction with radiographers’ care in Ghana than in South Africa. Regarding patient satisfaction and health information, a statistically significant difference was observed between both countries (t = 10.02, df = 218, p = 0.000 and d = 1.36). Concerning patient satisfaction and affective support, a statistically significant difference was observed with a medium effect size (t = -4.34, df = 22, p = 0.000, d = 0.59). Patient satisfaction and decisional control was shown to have a statistically significant difference between the two countries (t = 20.27, df = 218, p = 0.000 and d = 2.73). Regarding professional/technical competencies, a statistically significant difference was observed with large size effect between the two countries (t = -6.77, df = 22, p = 0.000 and d = 0.91). In conclusion, the two countries were shown to differ regarding patient satisfaction in relation to Cox’s domains of health information, decisional control, affective support v and professional/technical competencies. In Ghana, there was greater patient satisfaction in relation to health information and decisional control than in South Africa. Conversely, in South Africa patient satisfaction in relation to affective support and professional/technical competencies was higher than in Ghana. As such, patient satisfaction could be improved if radiography management seeks to find ways to address these aspects in the hospitals under study in Ghana and South Africa.Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 202
From the lens of isiXhosa female writers: female protagonists and the use of non-conformity in challenging gender roles in the post liberation isixhosa literature
Get PDFThis dissertation explored the way women are presented in five isiXhosa literary works by female writers in post independence South Africa, with particular focus on how non-conformity is used to challenge gender roles. The study analysed two novels entitled Iqhina lomtshato (1995) by Nomlamli Mayosi and Uzenzile akakhalelwa (2016) by Yolisa Madolo, as well as four drama books titled Nyana nank’unyoko (1997) by Yoliswa Taleni, Akwaba (2004) by Thenjiswa Ntwana, Hamba nam ndipheleke and Imida (2015) by Nompumezo Buzani. Structural, Afrocentrism and African feminism were used to guide the study. The structural theory gave the researcher to review language contructs in relation to gender, African feminism and Afrocentrism gave the researcher the lenses to view gender issues within the African context, in line with the peculiar challenges that women continue to face in the content. Another important factor which is the focus of the study is the depiction of women by female writers, in order to challenge the roles that are given to women. The question that one ask then is: How do female writers lend their voices to female characters to address gender issues in society, with particular focus on gender roles? This thesis argues that the five isiXhosa female writers, who are contemporary African women writers, have noticed gender related assumptions and in their works, they are making an attempt to debunk these assumptions. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the existing debates on gender and division of labour.Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 202
Disquieting high school learners’ indiscipline behaviour: A systematic review exploring the impact of learner indiscipline on learning and teacher’s impetus
Get PDFHigh school teachers in South Africa have been voicing out their distress to the government, caused by the indiscipline of learners. The indiscipline became evident after the South African government scrapped punitive behaviour modification methods such as corporal punishment. Although the government had introduced alternative forms of behaviour modification, the teachers still maintain that these are not effective hence the rife indiscipline behaviour among high school learners. This study reviewed 14 articles on the impact of the alternative forms of punishment on high school learners’ indiscipline and the teachers’ motivation. Further, the studies highlight several factors involved in developing the learners’ indiscipline. This review indicates that high school learners’ indiscipline continues to be rife in South African schools and negatively affects high school teachers’ motivation. This is regardless of the government's introduction of alternative forms of punishment.Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 202
Big T’s and small T’s: an explorative study on trauma narratives in South Africa
Get PDFThe 21st century has seen a dramatic increase in chronic non-infectious diseases, especially in the area of mental health. Medical anthropologists have seen a rise in the development of mental illnesses in both developed and developing nations. There is, however, little research conducted on trauma narratives that do not stem from political violence from an anthropological lens. South Africa has various understandings of trauma depending on the cultural context and it is crucial to examine these narratives as this provides vital information of the daily lived experiences of trauma survivors. Key themes draw on issues of trauma denialism, communicating distress, traumatic symptoms and the development of mental illnesses as a result of traumatic exposure. The data was analysed through Goffman’s (1959) Presentation of Self in Everyday Life illustrating various ways how survivors present themselves depending on the particular audience. This research employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods to gather a holistic understanding of trauma survivors. With the use of semi-structured interviews of Stressful Life Events Questionnaire coupled with observations of online support groups for trauma survivors, this research has provided rich ethnographic evidence of the impact that culture has on trauma narratives illustrating a clear normalcy of trauma present in South Africa.Thesis (MSocSci) -- Faculty of Humanities, Anthropology, 202
Evaluation of antimicrobial combination therapy options for the management of integron-mediated multidrug resistance in enterococcus species and acinetobacter baumannii from aquatic environment in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Get PDFInfectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant MDR pathogens, such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterococcus spp., is an increasing worldwide problem. For treating these diseases, antibiotics are usually the first choice. But organisms develop resistance as a result of drug abuse, continuous use of antibiotics and release of antibiotics into the environment. These have prompted MDR's development, making even the most active drugs ineffective. Transposons, plasmids and integrons are the most effective mobile genetic elements that promote acquisition and spread of resistance determinants. Integrons carrying various arrays of resistance gene cassettes are principally helpful for epidemiological studies of these disease-causing organisms. Alternative treatments, such as using drugs in combination or with adjuvants and nanoparticles therapy, have been documented. Nanoparticles have the potential requirements for qualifying as antibacterial agents. In addition to their antimicrobial activities, nanoparticles can be used together with antibiotics for more enhanced antimicrobial activity In this study, Acinetobacter baumanni, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were recovered from the aquatic environment in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa with a standard microbiological method. Their antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion and microdilution methods. A high occurrence of class-1 integrons was discovered in MDR A. baumanni, with the internal variable containing aadA1, aadA5 and aadA2 genes, which confer resistance for streptomycin and spectinomycin, aac 6Ib for amikacin/ tobramycin and dfrA17 genes for trimethoprim. Similarly, class1 integron was detected in Enterococcus, without the presence of gene cassette. The checkerboard assay and time-kill assay were used to test for the effect of the combination of the antibiotic. The impact of colistin combined with quinolones (ciprofloxacin) with the Fractional inhibitory concentration index FICs 0.31 indicated synergistic effects against MDR A baumanni. However, when colistin was combined with meropenem and ceftazidime, additive effects with FIC, ranging from 0.52 to 1 were observed. In addition, a combination of gentamicin MIC 4 μgml with vancomycin MIC 256 μgml antibiotics against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis showed antibacterial activity. In contrast, the combination of ciprofloxacin 1 μgml with Ampicillin 16 μgml antibiotics against Enterococcus faecalis showed a bacteriostatic effect. The initial inoculum declined by 100 percentage when gentamicin was combined with vancomycin at a concentration of 4 and 128 μgml MIC respectively, for about 2 h following the treatment for MDR E. faecium. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction ERIC PCR analyses of the studied pathogens revealed great genetic diversity, suggesting the various sources of environmental contamination. Silver nanoparticles AgNPs and zinc oxide nanoparticles ZnO NPs were chemically synthesized using a precipitation method and characterized using energy dispersive Xray analysis EDX, scanning electron microscopy SEM, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopic analysis FTIR and transmission electron microscopy TEM. The characterization results showed the synthesis of 43.37 nm and 21.03 nm nanoparticles of zinc oxide and silver origins, correspondingly, with distinct morphology, as revealed in TEM. The size, stability and functional groups of the nanoparticles produced were revealed using EDX and FTIR. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were cytotoxic against Vero cell lines at the tested concentrations, whereas AgNPs had no cytotoxic effect at lower concentrations. Acinetobacter baumanni, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were with MIC in the range of 0.0390.078mgml for silver nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were explicitly active against Enterococcus species gram-positive with MIC of 1.25 5 mgml. Both studied nanoparticles exhibited profound synergistic and additive activities against all the investigated MDR pathogens. These findings demonstrate good antibacterial potential of the nanoparticles against drug-resistant strains and open a new arena of antimicrobials for medical treatment.Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 202
Evaluation of the extent of the public programming by Eastern Cape Provincial Archives and Records Services
Get PDFPublic programming initiatives are an integral part of archival operations worldwide as they support the greater use of archival records by attracting prospective users and sponsors. Public programming comprises a sequence of strategies for publicizing and marketing archives to the public, which are crucial in archival operations as they promote better use of archives and records. South African National Archives and Records. Services depends on provisions of the National Archives of South Africa Act of 1996 in its strive to promote access and use of archives as sources of information. . unknown and therefore not used to their maximal utility value, likely due to low-key and ineffective archival public programming initiatives. Consequently, the primary purpose of this research study was to evaluate the extent of public programming strategies used by the Eastern Cape Provincial Archives and Records Services (EAPARS). The study used a mixed-method, embracing qualitative and quantitative research approaches. As an integrated record-keeping framework, Record Continuum was used as a theoretical framework to guide the study. Sixteen copies of questionnaire were distributed among staff and users ECPARS. The research uncovered that ECPARS does not have specific regulations and policies on public programming, but relies on the more general provisions of the Provincial Archives and Records Services Act of 1996 as a guiding instrument in executing its public programming operations. The study further revealed various factors, such as the limited budget and inadequate staff, as key hindering factors in the smooth execution of archival public programming plans by ECPARS. The study recommends a review and update by ECPARS of how it can specifically effectively implement the provisions of the 1996 Act to the modern ways of taking public archives to the people. The research also recommends that ECPARS engage additional staff or outsourced services to strengthen its the public programming of its archival resources and services workforce for Eastern Cape Provincial Archives and Records. The study concludes that improved financial resources, use of ICTs, and coherent policy framework, and public awareness creation and education can facilitate better to acquire, widen access to use of its archives. KeywordThesis (MLIS) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 202