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Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of gallate esters
No full textParabens are esters of p-hydroxybenzoates that are commonly found in everyday consumer products as well as pharmaceuticals. They are often used in commercial products to prevent bacterial growth as well as to provide extended shelf life, but have been shown to activate estrogen receptors in vivo, a contributing factor in human breast cancer proliferation. Our lab has previously generated a multitude of paraben derivatives that do not mimic estrogen. Many of these derivatives have other safety concerns, but gallate esters appear to have the least hazardous properties. The oestrogenic and antimicrobial properties of the gallate ester family are not currently understood; therefore, our lab set out to synthesize the non-commercially available gallate esters through Fischer esterification. Both synthesized and commercial gallate esters (methyl through dodecyl esters) were subsequently screened by serial dilution for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Serratia marcescens as representatives of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria respectively. Our results indicate that increasing alkyl chain length improves the MIC against Gram-positive bacteria, with dodecyl gallate being the most effective antimicrobial agent at 32 µg/mL. These observed MIC values were improved relative to commercially available amoxicillin and erythromycin (no inhibition observed). Both compounds of interest and known antimicrobial agents were ineffective against Gram-negative bacterial growth. Additionally, the results of this study can be used to further evaluate the effectiveness of paraben ester derivatives in prevention of cancer cell development as well as antimicrobial agents
Charles Johnston
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.longwood.edu/johnston_photographs/1026/thumbnail.jp
Mary Carter Burwell
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.longwood.edu/johnston_photographs/1020/thumbnail.jp
Fall 2021 Student Showcase for Research & Creative Inquiry Program
Get PDFConference page: https://symposium.foragerone.com/longwood-university-fall-2021-student-showcas
HS-007.001, Bugg Family Photograph
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.longwood.edu/bugg_family_photos/1000/thumbnail.jp
LU-387.010, Eleven unidentified women standing next to brick wall. Inscribed along top margin, Sigma Sigma Sigma.
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.longwood.edu/sns_scrapbook/1033/thumbnail.jp
The Effects of Maternal Behavior and Environmental Enrichment on Behavior and Cognition in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Get PDFEarly environments critically impact the development of many organisms. Exposure to varying maternal care behaviors and environmental enrichments can cause persisting changes throughout a rat’s life. The current study examines the effect of high and low levels of maternal care and environmental enrichment on anxiety, resilience, spatial memory, and non-spatial memory. Maternal rats were identified as Good or Bad mothers based on their pup retrieval speed. Their pups were then sorted by maternal care they experienced and placed into two housing conditions: enriched, and control (resulting in four conditions total). Each group was assessed on four behavioral tests including the elevated plus maze to measure anxiety, the novel object preference test and object location memory task to measure non-spatial and spatial memory respectively, and the forced swim test to measure resiliency based on level of escape behavior. Preliminary results found that Good mothers had better spatial and non-spatial memory than Bad mothers. Behavioral results from the adolescent pups showed pups raised by Good mothers who were in enriched housing had better non-spatial memory. Pups that had a Bad mother and lived in control housing exhibited deficits in spatial memory. In addition, the level of maternal care determined the level of resiliency in the adolescent pups. Overall, environmental enrichment and early maternal behavior had an influence on the memory and resiliency in rats
Imagine That! Stimulating Consumers’ Imagination for Scented Product Omnichannel Success
No full textDistribution channels for scented products rarely interact. Consumers either smell and buy scented products in store or purchase them online without smelling. Such channel isolation is inefficient. To achieve synergies, we propose a new omnichannel strategy, rooted in the neurobiology of olfaction, unique to scented products. The key is to design product packages (i.e., scent names and artwork) that stimulate consumers\u27 imagination, or olfactory imagery, aiming to maximize curiosity and intent to try. Unlike extant omnichannel strategies deployed at the retail phase, our recommendations are at the product design phase where the scented product package is the strategy
HS-018.035, Prince Edward Co. Fire Dept. truck, Oktoberfest clowns on roof
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.longwood.edu/fire_department_photos/1007/thumbnail.jp