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Demographic Analysis of the Human Communities of Tangier and Smith Islands: Part I
No full textThe Objective of this study was to analyze the causes behind the deaths of individuals on Tangier Island pre-1950s to post-1950s. Our methods of research included observing headstones, listing dates of death and assuming sex based on first names. We then did research to find what advancements had been made after the 1950s and such advancements were in healthcare, sanitation, and working conditions, as well as the reduction in war drafts. The data showed that there was in increase in the survivorship of both sexes post-1950, and supported the research that was performed
What costimulatory domains in chimeric antigen receptor T cells induce the strongest killing response and increase serial killing efficacy against pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas and osteosarcomas?
Get PDFDemographic Analysis of the Human Communities of Tangier and Smith Islands: Part II
Get PDFDemography is defined as the study of population characteristics, such as age structure, sex ratio, and growth rate and also seeks to explain the underlying processes responsible for these characteristics. Populations change with time through the combined effects of births/deaths and immigration/emigration. Although all four of these processes are extremely important, this project focuses on births, survival, and deaths. We collected and analyzed records of age at death that have been preserved in the cemeteries of Tangier Island, Virginia and Smith Island, Maryland. Following our experiences on these Chesapeake islands, we developed hypotheses and used survivorship curves to focus on age specific survivorship for human populations that lived at different times in the past. Our analyses allowed us to learn much about patterns of survival and death today and in the past
Graduate Student Transcription of Accented Speech
Get PDFThere are many speech sound differences between Standard American English and English spoken by an individual from a different language background, who speaks with an accent. The purpose of this study is to research graduate students\u27 preparedness and ability to transcribe speech from varying cultural backgrounds. A transcription assessment was administered to current speech-language pathology graduate students with results compared to professionals in the field who completed the transcription based on both listening and spectrogram images. Graduate students were also surveyed regarding their phonetics education experiences. Overall, students were able to transcribe accented speech with 64.2% accuracy. Participants’ transcription of consonants (78.1% accuracy) was significantly better than their transcription of vowels (49.1% accuracy). Students used diacritic markers with 0% accuracy. Participant accuracy scores were influenced by the number of phonetics courses they had previously taken, the number of speakers they had experience transcribing, and how comfortable they felt with phonetic transcription. Through analyzing graduate students\u27 transcriptions of accented English speech from native Spanish, Italian, and Chinese speakers, the determination that students were unprepared to phonetically transcribe individuals with diverse linguistic backgrounds was made. Additional educational resources should be provided to students including more diverse transcription practices and diversity-focused continuing education opportunities. Additional research is recommended to include a larger, more diverse sample from an area with a high level of linguistic diversity and to include other speech sound differences and disorders encountered by speech-language pathologists
Determination of the Effects of Added Methionine on the Toxicity of Platinum Drugs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Get PDFPlatinum (Pt) drugs are used in about half of all anticancer treatments. A common way to study Pt drugs is by using S. cerevisiae (brewer’s yeast) as a model cellular organism. One of the most commonly-used strains of yeast is BY4741, which is auxotrophic for (cannot synthesize) several small-molecule nutrients, including the amino acid methionine. Therefore, methionine must be supplemented in the cell culture medium. Interestingly, it is known that methionine can react with Pt compounds, including Pt drugs. Methionine-supplemented media continues to be used to study Pt drugs in yeast, especially BY4741, yet the potential for methionine to interfere with the activity of Pt drugs appears to be overlooked in a number of important studies. We will determine the precise effects of added methionine on the toxicity of Pt drugs in yeast, then use these results to critically evaluate previous studies that have used methionine-supplemented media. A better understanding of the Pt–yeast model system will clarify its appropriate (or inappropriate) use with this important class of anticancer drug
Compensating for Effects of Autotomy on Locomotion in Stink Bugs (Halyomorpha halys)
Get PDFAutotomy is the voluntary release of an appendage, typically to avoid predation or entrapment. Autonomy of a single leg can have minimal effects on locomotion in arthropods with more than six legs. Hexapods, however, use a double-tripod gait which is completely disrupted with the loss of a single leg, thus locomotor performance should be greatly reduced leading to lower survival. Autotomy is so costly to locomotion that some insects regenerate a lost limb in a subsequent molt leading to reduced investment in other important functions (e.g. reproduction). Autotomy persists in adult hexapods with no opportunity for regeneration, which suggests some ability to mitigate the severe effects of autotomy on locomotor performance. We hypothesize that insects have neural plasticity that helps them improve stability and mobility after the loss of a leg. In order to test this hypothesis, we chose to record and measure the effects of autotomy in adult brown marmorated stink bugs (Halyomorpha halys). We used to high-speed cameras (Edgertronic, 100 fps) to record the stink bugs walking pre-autotomy, and at three times post-autotomy: immediately, one hour, and one week. We tracked eight points on the body and four points per leg with Deeplabcut and reconstructed 3D motion with Anipose. Following autotomy, we observed walking speed initially decreases, and variation increases for most metrics of gait
Consequences of Environment and Loss on Maternal Behavior, Anxiety, Boldness, and Memory in Rats
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Short and sweet: How product quality uncertainty, review length and richness shape review helpfulness
No full textBecause online reviews facilitate consumers’ purchase decisions, prior research investigates factors impacting review helpfulness. By integrating Kuhlthau’s information search process model and the heuristic-systematic model, we propose that a situational factor – product quality uncertainty – shapes consumers’ information search processes and suggests which reviews are most helpful. The literature suggests that review length and information richness positively impact review helpfulness. However, their joint effect conditional on product quality uncertainty is unknown. An experiment reveals that consumers are motivated to process individual reviews only when uncertainty is high (i.e. when consumers disagree on product quality). Analysis of over 37,000 online reviews indicates that, under high uncertainty, short reviews with rich information are most helpful. Consistent with the experiment results, neither factor drives helpfulness when uncertainty is low (i.e. when previous consumers exhibit a consensus on product quality). We present managerial implications for stimulating “short and sweet” reviews to increase review helpfulness