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ENHANCING SPEAKING SKILL OR COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
No full textAbstract
Communicating in a foreign language especially through speaking has been and will always be the priority of the foreign language teachers as well as students of this foreign language. As far as being one of the most visible productive skills it is also one of the most problematic because of the different kinds of difficulties that students might face up.
But apart from this, speaking is still an objective to be achieved in every aspect of studying a foreign language and for this reason it is intended to use the most appropriate and up-to- date techniques. However, communication and speaking are two different terms sometimes confused as expressing the same notion, while in fact they are two different things indicating different processes. The purpose of this presentation is to make the difference between these two concepts pointing out the positive and negative factors which influence developing speaking skill as well as the techniques used to enhance such a skill.
Giving a general idea of the two confusing terms, it is intended to clarify what communication is and how important it becomes in speaking a foreign language. Furthermore it will be another perspective on considering speaking skill, not only as a productive one but what helps and/or discourages students from practicing speaking in English.
In addition this presentation will be a reconsideration of what methods and techniques are used to help students develop such a skill and teachers fulfill and achieve the goal
THE GRADUAL RELEASE OF RESPONSIBILITY AND THE ALBANIAN ESL CLASSROOM
No full textThe traditional teacher-led classroom instruction with minimal student participation can potentially be a burdensome experience for everyone in class. This might especially be so in the English as a second language (ESL) classroom where constant student interaction and involvement is the key to master a foreign language. In this theoretical paper, I present the Gradual Release of Responsibility (GRR) model as a complementary source for the foreign language classroom. I explain the model through a suggested classroom application in an Albanian ESL class. I ask whether or not the GRR model is a viable tool for the foreign language classroom and look into answers through a brief literature review and a discussion. Studies provided in the literature review are from the US, Iran, and Jordan. The results of those studies indicate a potential benefit of the GRR model in the foreign language classroom. However, the scarcity of resources on the subject posed a hardship to come to solid conclusions as well as to offer suggestions. There is need for more research on the various applications of the model in the related field
The effects of the global economic crisis on Macedonian economy: Some macroeconomic indicators and future policy recommendations
Get PDFThe recent economic and financial crisis caused a severe blow to the fragile Macedonian economy, halting the positive development trends in the last decade. This, has in turn, intensified the future challenges. The paper intends to analyze the impact of global economic crisis on the Macedonian economy focuses mainly on the macroeconomic level, identifying and analyzing fluctuations of major macroeconomic indicators that reflect the development and macroeconomic balances of the economy, such as GDP, the level of employment, inflation, budget deficit, public debt, etc. Secondary analysis of previous quantitative data and published studies, combined with an own qualitative study in the field, has provided a reliable and convincing basis for analysis. The experiences and lessons taken from the global economic crisis should serve as a basis for changing the current economic model with a new one in order the economy of the country to catch a connection with the intense changes that are expected to occur in the coming period. It is expected that creating new economic model in Republic of Macedonia will result in multiple positive effects that primarily manifested in the increasing number of newly small and medium enterprises, domestic investments, industrial production, GDP, number of new employees and total exports as well as in reduction of the trade deficit in maintaining macroeconomic stability of the country
Regional and temporal evaluation of seismicity in the Vlora-Elbasani-Dibra Transversal Fault Zone, Albania
Get PDFCharacteristics of seismic activity along the Vlora- Lushnja-Elbasani-Dibra (V-L-E-D) Transversal Fault Zone are analyzed between 1964 and 2015. There are a total of 2814 events in the time interval 1964 and 2015 with Md1.7. This study is focused on the correlation of seismotectonic b-value, precursory quiescence Z-value, and interrelationships between some other seismicity parameters. The distribution of the relatively low b-value coincides with the tectonic compression field which acts along the V-L-E-D Transversal Fault Zone. The distribution of the relatively low b-value coincides with the tectonic compression field which acts along the V-L-E-D Transversal Fault Zone. Anomalously low b-value areas coincide more or less with the spatial distribution of M≥5.0 earthquakes and their known rupture extents. Temporal changes in b-value may be related to the stress variations in these times before and after the main events. The lowest Z-values show that the variations in seismic activity rate are not significant, and the highest Z-values demonstrate a decrease in seismicity rate. In the Z-value maps for all parts of the V-L-E-D, three areas exhibit significant seismic quiescence: centered at 41.00°N-19.78°E (region A, around Lushnja), 40.99°N-20.03°E (region B, in the Cerriku), 40.81°N-19.86°E (region C, including Kucova). In addition to these three significant areas, there are some small quiescence areas in different parts of the V-L-E-D
Literature and Integrative Motivation in the Language Classroom
Get PDFIn the language classroom, motivating students using learning materials is one of the best pathways for helping students obtain a positive outcome during the language learning process. Literary materials play an important role when teaching a foreign language. Language learning is tied up with integrative motivation, which enhances better and long term learning.
This analysis of current research looks at the positive contributions of literary materials in a language classroom and found that students taught with the aid of literary materials were likely to show integrative motivation, resulting in a more long-term and deeper learning of the target language.
This analysis demonstrates that students in language classrooms benefit from literature because literature improves their vocabulary, their ability to structure sentences, and their ability to organize various ideas and thoughts. Moreover, it reveals that literary materials and integrative motivation affect each other reciprocally
IMPLEMENTATION OF E-HEALTH IN COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE EU AS A METHOD TO REDUCE COSTS AND INCREASE EFFICIENCY AT THE EUROPEAN LEVEL
No full textIn national European sanitary systems, there is a substantial gap in terms of managing the patients based on their state of origin. Even after powerful communication campaigns and investments in the sanitary sector to create a European clinical database, the current level of information is insufficient and brings about exorbitant costs. There are a plethora of reliable data speaking about the positive effects, in terms of time, cost and health of the patients, facilitating the communications between two or more geographically distant hospitals. This article reviews the evidences that the recent academic literature and enacted European projects gave rise to, and tries to evaluate the application of e-health in the candidate status countries where Albania is part of
REDEFINING CULTURE AND LITERATURE IN TODAY'S WORLD OF SCIENCE
No full textThe contemporary age of today is an age of guided missiles and misguided men. Man has reposed faith and trust on science to the extent that counting on calculators has surpassed and even suppressed the counting on beads. Account books and balance sheets are more discussed and debated than holy Bible, Gita and Quran. Artificial sun for light, nuclear plants for power and atomic reactors for energy have been created and built to make life comfortable, cozy and commendable. Instead of visiting churches and temples we visit hospitals, and laboratories for solace and serenity and strength. Life in the twentieth century is a baffling cocktail of the old and the new. Existentialism, surrealism and stream of consciousness co-exist with mythologies, fables and fairy tales. We are moved by man-made satellites and also by the albatross William Butler Yeats’ prophetic vision—“things fall apart, centre cannot hold, mere anarchy is lose upon the world and blood-dim tide is loosed” has come true in the form of natural calamities like the frozen Europe and parts of America, wild fires in Australia, floods in Turkey and more recently the floods in China and black-swans out of the blues in Japan followed by Katrina, tsunami and nuclear disaster. Morality, too, is an embellishment. Much talked about but the least observed. Morality, somehow, is being limited to matters pertaining to sex. Mrs. Grundys’ are prolific. Our Puritanism is akin to the prudishness of the Victorians. Khajuraho and Konarak are apparently forgotten. Kama Sutra appears in all purposeful mutilations: Essence of Vatsyayana: Hindu Philosophy of Love; Secret of Matrimonial Happiness; Illustrated Vatsyayana; or, any other imaginative title which the publisher can hit at. Our religion is mere sanctimoniousness. Dishing out through the Press and platform the supposed success of democracy, would not lead us anywhere: the real success has to stem from within. Thus, there is a lacuna between our thinking and living in all the spheres. Being unable to formulate, or more correctly, engender a new ethos suited to this age, we are clinging to the old standards of value. Therefore, we are hypocrites, fittingly with a capital ‘H’
TRANSLATION APPROACHES OF PHRASEOLOGY: A CASE STUDY OF ELISABETH GILBERT’S ‘COMMITTED: A SKEPTIC MAKES PEACE WITH MARRIAGE’ & ‘EAT, PRAY, LOVE’ AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO ALBANIAN
No full textThroughout history Albanians have shown their great interest toward other cultures. Thus to satisfy their thirst of foreign cultures the attention of Albanian readers is drawn on reading foreign literature. As a result more and more foreign books are translated to Albanian. This article will analyse the different methods used by two translators when interpreting phraseological units aiming to achieve similarity and avoid translation losses. The two texts under scrutiny are two memoirs of Elisabeth Gilbert, respectively, ‘Committed: A Skeptic Makes Peace with Marriage and ‘Eat, Pray, Love’ and their corresponding translations into Albanian from Edlira Keta and Diana Culi. Following that the phraseological units will be reproduced in Albanian as in the translated literary texts. They will be considered vis a vis the source text and commented on the best renderings as a result of the employed translation strategies, in order to meet the overall objective of this paper which in turn is to draw conclusions on the best approaches that can be utilized in rendering as much loyally as possible the phraseological units
The Influence of Base Isolation to the Required Ductility of Soft Storey Buildings
Get PDFThe Response Spectrum Analysis of the structures is based on the allowable ductility considered for that structure. In the case of a multi-degree-of-freedom buildings, the required ductility cannot be the same with the allowable ductility; furthermore, the required ductility values are different for different storey. In the case of first soft/weak storey building, the required ductility of this storey is much higher compared to allowable ductility and impossible to achieve. Nowadays there are many cases of existing reinforced concrete structures with the possibility of soft/weak storey. Even new structures are required to have open space at ground floor level as the owners want them for shops or garages usage.
This paper analyses the influence of base isolation to the required storey ductility of weak storey buildings. A five storey shear frame type structure is considered as the model. The elastic and elasto-plastic modelling of the structural elements and bilinear modelling of rubber isolators are used. Linear Response Spectrum analysis and Nonlinear Time History analysis are performed in order to determine the required storey ductility for the existing and new soft/weak storey buildings using the SAP2000 computer program.
The analysis results show the reduction of the required storey ductility due to the application of base isolation not only in new structures, but in existing structures too. This means that the base isolation technique is a good alternative to be applied in buildings with first soft/weak storey structure