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On the performance of web services and Google cloud messaging
No full textSmartphones and other connected devices rely on data services, such as web services (WS) and Google Cloud Messaging (GCM), to share the information they collect or use. Traditionally, these services were classified according to their efficiency or their delivery time, but, when dealing with battery operated devices, another important parameter is the power consumption. In this paper, we present the results from a test on GCM and two types of WS, namely SOAP-based and RESTful WS. In these tests, we experimentally collected time, efficiency, and power consumption figures for all services. The final outcome is that RESTful WS outperforms all other communication techniques in terms of one-way delay, round trip time, data consumption, packet overhead and battery duration
Multi-site European framework for real-time co-simulation of power systems
No full textThe framework for virtual integration of laboratories enables co-simulation and joint experiments that include hardware and software resources hosted at geographically distributed laboratories. The underlying concept of such framework is geographically distributed real-time (RT) co-simulation. To this end, digital RT simulators are interfaced over long distances via shared communication network such as the Internet. This study proposes an architecture for a modular framework supporting virtual integration of laboratories that enable flexible integration of digital RT simulators across Europe. In addition, the framework includes an interface that enables access for third parties via a web browser. A co-simulation interface algorithm adopted in this study is based on representation of interface quantities in form of dynamic phasors. Time delay between RT digital simulators is compensated by means of phase shift that enables simulation fidelity for slow transients. The proposed architecture is realised for the integration of laboratories across Europe that are located at RWTH Aachen University in Germany, Politecnico di Torino in Italy and at European Commission Joint Research Centres in Petten, Netherland and in Ispra, Italy. The framework for virtual integration of laboratories presented in this study is applied for co-simulation of transmission and distribution systems
Brief communication: Accuracy of the fallen blocks volume-frequency law
No full textDe Biagi et al. (2017) have proposed a procedure for building a fallen block volume-frequency law for rockfall phenomenon. The input data are from both the recording of rockfall events and from the survey of fallen block volumes. The epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties present in the approach affect the value of the parameters of the law. It is shown how to quantify the errors due to missed events, to an observation period of finite duration and to a limited set of measured blocks. At the end, the procedure outputs corrective parameters to compute a design volume for rockfall analysis and engineering calculations
Effective Characterization of Radiation-induced SET on Flash-based FPGAs
No full textSingle Event Transients (SETs) are one of the major concern for Flash-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). In this paper, we propose a new analysis to characterize the SET phenomena within Flash-based FPGAs
A unifying operating platform for 5G end-to-end and multi-layer orchestration
No full textHeterogeneity of current software solutions for 5G is heading for complex and costly situations, with high fragmentation, which in turn creates uncertainty and the risk of delaying 5G innovations. This context motivated the definition of a novel Operating Platform for 5G (5G-OP), a unifying reference functional framework supporting end-to-end and multi-layer orchestration. 5G-OP aims at integrated management, control and orchestration of computing, storage, memory, networking core and edge resources up to the end-user devices and terminals (e.g., robots and smart vehicles). 5G-OP is an overarching architecture, with agnostic interfaces and well-defined abstractions, offering the seamless integration of current and future infrastructure control and orchestration solutions (e.g., OpenDaylight, ONOS, OpenStack, Apache Mesos, OpenSource MANO, Docker, LXC, etc.) The paper provides also the description of a prototype that can be seen as a simplified version of a 5G-OP, whose feasibility has been demonstrated in Focus Group IMT2020 of ITU-T
Clarifying fog computing and networking: 10 questions and answers
No full textFog computing is an end-to-end horizontal architecture that distributes computing, storage, control, and networking functions closer to users along the cloud-to-thing continuum. The word "edge" may carry different meanings. A common usage of the term refers to the edge network as opposed to the core network, with equipment such as edge routers, base stations, and home gateways. In that sense, there are several differences between fog and edge. First, fog is inclusive of cloud, core, metro, edge, clients, and things. The fog architecture will further enable pooling, orchestrating, managing, and securing the resources and functions distributed in the cloud, anywhere along the cloud-to-thing continuum, and on the things to support end-to-end services and applications. Second, fog seeks to realize a seamless continuum of computing services from the cloud to the things rather than treating the network edges as isolated computing platforms. Third, fog envisions a horizontal platform that will support the common fog computing functions for multiple industries and application domains, including but not limited to traditional telco services. Fourth, a dominant part of edge is mobile edge, whereas the fog computing architecture will be flexible enough to work over wireline as well as wireless networks
Produrre e vendere cibo. Industrie alimentari e mercati coperti (XIX-XX secolo)
No full textNella seconda metà del XIX secolo e nella prima parte del XX, dopo la comparsa di modelli come Les Halles di Parigi, ogni grande città si è dotata di mercati coperti con struttura metallica, seguiti a volte da esempi con struttura in cemento armato, come nel caso di Breslavia (oggi Wroclaw), ma non ancora dichiarata all'esterno. Grandi metropoli come Budapest realizzano, a fine Ottocento e per ogni distretto, importanti edifici mercatali con strutture avanzate e "pelle" storicista. Peraltro, nel settore della produzione alimentare emergono importanti esempi, dalle grandi birrerie alla produzione del cioccolato, dal tardo Storicismo al Bauhaus. Casi budapestini come le birrerie storiche di Kőbánya o la Fabbrica di cioccolato Stühmer, chiaro esempio di Razionalismo, o le fabbriche di alimentari nell'enclave russa di Harbin (Cina), realizzate all'inizio del XX secolo, sono elementi chiave per una comparazione tra Centro Europa e l'estremo avamposto europeo in Asia, un possibile sub-tema per la sessione. Tra mercati coperti e industrie, la relazione tra struttura interna e prospetti, l'emersione di nuove soluzioni strutturali e formali, è possibile tracciare una storia dello spazio e delle tecnologie utilizzate per produrre e vendere cibo nelle città
Twitter data laid almost bare: An insightful exploratory analyser
No full textIn today's world, social networks and online communities continuously generate tons of data that reflect users' habits, personal interests, opinions and emotions. However, little profit can be gained from such huge raw data collections unless we are able to translate them into useful knowledge. Microblogs like Twitter have recently attracted a great body of research works to mine useful insights about users interests and preferences in different geographical areas and time periods. Indeed, the rather heterogeneous dimensions characterizing Twitter data, such as space, time and text content, impose innovative methods in the data mining discovery process. This paper presents TCharM, a data analytics methodology based on cluster analysis and association rule discovery to gain interesting knowledge from large collections of Twitter data. TCharM explores tweet collections along the three dimensions characterizing tweets (i.e., text content, posting time and place) to support context-aware topic trend analysis. To discover groups of tweets with a good cohesion on the three tweet features, TCharM exploits a novel distance measure (TASTE) which allows driving the clustering task by considering in one step the three tweet features. Association rule analysis is then exploited to concisely describe the cluster content with a set of understandable and significant patterns which reveal underlying correlations among frequent topics, tweeting times and places. TCharM can provide useful information to understand the evolution of people's involvement in different topics, across geographical areas and over time. TCharM find applications in various domains by providing a valuable support in decision making to domain experts. The experimental evaluation performed on real datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in discovering cohesive clusters and actionable knowledge from Twitter data
A Comprehensive Approach for the Safety Analysis of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems
No full textIn the last years, RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems) have found wider application in different kinds of civil missions and according to the most recent market analysis, RPAS will have an exponential growth in the future. The outstanding development and application of the unmanned configurations must not ignore the public safety. When RPAS are applied in critical scenarios, the vehicle has a high probability to impact with the human body in case of accident with it, due to the high density of population of the area. The paper deals with a feasibility study about the possible use of automotive methodologies to analyze the impact between the RPAS and the human body. The main automotive methodologies will be taken into account and applied to RPAS to study the severity of the impact. These methodologies are recognized by the most important regulatory authorities in the automotive field and they are used to both verify and certify new vehicles, but they can be only partially applied to unmanned configurations. As it will be reported at the end of the paper, these methodologies have some limitations when applied to RPAS because the impact scenario itself cannot be directly compared to an automotive accident. Therefore, some modifications must be introduced to define an innovative methodology that allow the certification of harmless and safe RPAS