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L'Ordine Mauriziano di Paolo Boselli: genesi e struttura di un volume capitale a cent'anni dalla sua pubblicazione
No full textDedicato al volume dal titolo "L'Ordine Mauriziano", edito nel 1917 dopo una gestazione quasi quinquennale, e in occasione dei cento anni esatti dalla comparsa di quest'opera magistrale di Paolo Boselli, uomo politico di grande acume, determinazione e lunga carriera, che fu Primo Segretario del Gran Magistero dell'Ordine Mauriziano e della Corona d'Italia, l'articolo si pone in relazione con un altro, per mano di Cristina Scalon, dedicato al ruolo proprio in seno all'Ordine di Boselli, e a due schede - una di Margherita Bongiovanni ed Enrica Bodrato, l'altra di Enzo Ferraro - volte rispettivamente a mettere in luce il ruolo di Boselli nella costituzione del Politecnico di Torino e a delineare le celebrazioni che la municipalità torinese gli tributò all'atto della scomparsa. L'analisi del volume del 1917 permette di porre in corretta delazione - su base documentaria - l'impianto dell'opera e la sua genesi, abbastanza burrascosa, dimostrando l'assoluta preminenza del lavoro sia di sintesi sia analitico operato da Boselli a tutti i livelli della "cultura mauriziana", con particolare riferimento all'imponente patrimonio dell'antico ordine dinastico di Casa Savoia. Una sintesi in inglese è disponibile nella sezione terminale della rivista
Il razionalismo italiano e l'architettura della città
No full textLa complessità del razionalismo italiano, la sua particolarità, addirittura la sua "stranezza" rispetto alle contemporanee esperienze europee sono da sempre al centro della critica e della storiografia architettonica dell'Italia tra le due guerre. In questa "particolarità" risiede, tra le altre cose, anche l'intensità e la specificità del rapporto che l'architettura italiana elabora con il progetto della città. Se infatti il razionalismo è ricordato all'interno dell'esperienza del moderno in Italia innanzitutto in relazione alle sue architetture - ad alcune architetture-manifesto che esaltano la figuratività e l'espressività iconica dell'oggetto costruito - è in realtà il progetto della città, o meglio, nella città il tema rispetto al quale la cultura italiana esprime i risultati più convincenti. Nonostante una dipendenza iniziale da Austria e Germania, la cultura italiana mostra una specifica connotazione "realista" e "nazionale", che fa sì che l'architettura razionale accolga le istanze del moderno internazionale con entusiasmo ma al tempo stesso con un certo scetticismo e con una forte consapevolezza delle proprie specificità culturali e delle proprie radici, favorendo quella relazione tra architettura e città che è il carattere fondamentale dell'architettura italiana del Novecento. Indipendentemente dalla scala del progetto - interventi sul centro delle città, interventi alla scala del quartiere o città di fondazione - e dalle contrapposizioni ideologiche - Terragni vs. Piacentini - il tema della città assume, dunque, nella discussione sull'architettura razionale in Italia, nella teoria e nella pratica, un ruolo centrale. Die Komplexität des italienischen Rationalismus, seine Eigenart, sogar seine Seltsamkeit in Bezug auf die europäische Baugeschichte jener Zeit, stehen seit je im Zentrum des architekturkritischen Diskurses Italiens zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen. Zu dieser Eigenart gehört unter anderem auch die besondere und sehr intensive Auseinandersetzung der italienischen Architektur mit dem Stadtentwurf. Der Rationalismus wird im Rahmen der Moderne in Italien durch einige überaus bemerkenswerte Bauwerke, regelrechte Ikonen der gestalterischen objektorientierten Ausdruckskraft moderner Baukunst, erwähnt, doch die größten Leistungen erbrachte er auf dem Gebiet der Stadtarchitektur, oder genauer: der Architektur in der Stadt. Trotz einer anfänglichen Orientierung an österreichischen und deutschen Vorbildern zeigte die italienische Baukultur eine „nationale" und „realistische" Ausprägung. Die rationale Architektur griff die internationalen Impulse zwar begeistert auf, bewahrte sich aber zugleich eine gewisse Skepsis und eine klare Rückbesinnung auf die eigenen wurzeln, im Bewusstsein der eigenen kulturellen Tradition, die im mediterranen Raum, vor allem jedoch in Italien, seit der antike eine ausgeprägt urbane Kultur ist. Daraus entwickelte sich jene Spannung zwischen dem einzelnen Bauwerk und dem gesamten Stadtbild, die zu den eigentümlichsten Zügen der italienischen Architektur des 20. Jahrhunderts gehört. Unabhängig vom jeweiligen Projektmaßstab - ob eingriffe in die Altstadt, neue Wohnviertel oder Gründungsstädte - und jenseits auch der ideologischen Grabenkämpfe - etwa Terragni versus Piacentini - stand, sowohl in der Theorie als auch in der Praxis, das Thema der Stadt im Zentrum des rationalistischen Architekturdiskurses in Italien. Die sicher prägende Kontroverse zwischen Giuseppe Terragni (1904-1943) und Marcello Piacentini (1881-1960) lässt sich aber nicht auf ein einfaches Schema geographischer Rivalität reduzieren: es geht um mehr als um die Gegenüberstellung zwischen dem Mailänder (und generell norditalienischen) Minimalismus und dem geschichtsträchtigen Römischen Modernismus. Beide Architekten hatten stets das komplexe Ganze des Stadtraums im auge, und beiden war stets klar, dass Stadtbaukunst etwas anderes ist als die eher technisch und administrativ ausgerichtete Stadtplanung. Terragnis größte Leistung war nicht die Realisierung gekonnter Denkmäler oder formschöner Funktionsbauten, sondern die raffinierte Einfügung seiner werke in das vorhandene Stadtbild und die harmonische Gestaltung öffentlicher Räume. er arbeitete über die historisch gewordene „Wohnlichkeit" und die kollektiven Räume mit einer reichen typologischen Artikulation, in enger Beziehung zum bestehenden Stadtgefüge und zu den historischen Plätzen der Stadt. In diese Richtung ging der Bauleitplan von Como (1934), den Terragni auf der Iv. CIaM vorstellte, übrigens eben derselben Konferenz, die auf Betreiben von Le Corbusier die Charta von Athen (1933) unterzeichnete. ebenso wenig darf die unzweifelhafte Nähe Piacentinis zu den vorgaben des Regimes, zu einer vor- schnellen Etikettierung seiner Stadtplanung als Beispiel faschistischer Architektur führen: Piacentini maß der Gestaltung des öffentlichen Raumes größte Bedeutung bei, sicher auch als Träger repräsentativer aufgaben, vor allem jedoch als Raum urbaner Kultur und durchaus individueller Erfahrung von Tradition, wie das Beispiel der Neugestaltung der via Roma in Turin zeigt (1931 begonnen und 1935-37 unter der Leitung von Piacentini vollendet)
Evaluation Sustainability Design. Life Cycle Thinking and international orientations
No full texthe book is designed mainly for the students of the Master's Course in Architecture for Sustainable Design, but also addresses students attending postgraduate second level Masters and PhDs courses. It can support real estate market operators in the evaluation of economic sustainability of projects, both in the case of new building and in retrofit/reuse interventions. A special attention is paid for planning /programming/analysis and control of the cost components. It can be useful to practitioners for upgrading activities, with direct impact on professional admnistrative practices, or directly related to the world of business and industry. The work represents the result of a research activity and the reading of international/national literature. It focuses particularly on Italian policies, theories and practices, with highlights on the international/European experiences through referral norms/standards. The contents are addressed at the theoretical level, but they are constantly reported at the operational level through simple simulations. The specific topics are: - cost concepts (Whole Life Cost, Global Cost, Cost Optimal) defined by international regulations for energy-environmental sustainability, in relation to the buildings' life cycle, referring to the Sustainable Design concept and implications on projects quality and on the real estate market; - operative modalities for cost component calculation in projects economic-financial analysis according to the Anglo-Saxon approach (Discounted Cash Flow Analysis), extended to the risk/uncertainty analysis; - cost analysis through the Life Cycle Costing approach, assuming the Life Cycle Thinking principles, also in conjunction with the Life Cycle Assessment approach; - cost programming /control, through the Project (Construction) Management approach, with the support of specific tools (Cost Control, Earned Value Method); - economic programming and cost monitoring/control, according to an advanced approach directed to associate Cost Control techniques, to the Discounted Cash Flow Analysis and to the Cost-risk Analysis
NFV-based network protection: the SHIELD approach
No full textThis paper describes a demo that showcases some of the capabilities foreseen for the security infrastructure designed by the H2020 SHIELD project. SHIELD exploits NFV for adaptive monitoring of an IT infrastructure and for feeding the data to an analytics engine to detect attacks in real time. An intelligent reaction system is then activated to reconfigure the SDN/NFV infrastructure so that the attacks are thwarted. The SDN/NFV infrastructure itself is protected from attacks thanks to trusted computing techniques, that permit to quickly identify misbehaving nodes. The proposed demo will present detection and reaction to a DDoS attack (by on-the-fly deployment of new virtual network security functions and/or change of network paths), as well as detection of software attacks against virtual network functions (executed in Docker containers) and unauthorized modification of the SDN switching tables and NFV configurations
Architecture and procedures for pH and temperature monitoring in medical applications
No full textTemperature (T) and pH variations affect the function of electrochemical sensors. The study of their effects on point-of-care medical sensors is vital due to their delicate use. An example comes from anesthesia where difficult-to-dose drugs are infused in patient's blood, e.g. propofol. In this case, a drug concentration monitoring system is required. However, blood pH and T can vary during anesthesia, with respect to the patient's clinical situation. A portable, low-cost and easy-to-reproduce Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is here designed for the first time up to now for anesthesia, in order to continuously keep under control pH and T variations while a dedicated system constantly monitors the drug level. The board is driven by a Raspberry Pi (RPi). Measurements in different pH and T conditions validated the proposed system
3D Models from Reality-Based Survey Techniques: The Domus of ‘Putti danzanti' in Aquileia
No full textThis paper describes the survey techniques employed for the metric 3D documentation of ancient heritage, actively contributing both to the study and comparison of archaeological data, and to the hypothesis of an architectural recreation of non-existing rooms and settings. The archaeological analysis and virtual reconstruction concern the luxurious residence named the domus of "Putti danzanti" in Aquileia; the arrangement of such houses and their features have revealed new keys for interpreting dwellings in the period of late antiquity in Northern Italy
PARP1 expression drives the synergistic antitumor activity of trabectedin and PARP1 inhibitors in sarcoma preclinical models
No full textBackground: Enhancing the antitumor activity of the DNA-damaging drugs is an attractive strategy to improve current treatment options. Trabectedin is an isoquinoline alkylating agent with a peculiar mechanism of action. It binds to minor groove of DNA inducing single-and double-strand-breaks. These kinds of damage lead to the activation of PARP1, a first-line enzyme in DNA-damage response pathways. We hypothesized that PARP1 targeting could perpetuate trabectedin-induced DNA damage in tumor cells leading finally to cell death. Methods: We investigated trabectedin and PARP1 inhibitor synergism in several tumor histotypes both in vitro and in vivo (subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor xenografts in mice). We searched for key determinants of drug synergism by comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and gene expression profiling (GEP) and validated their functional role. Results: Trabectedin activated PARP1 enzyme and the combination with PARP1 inhibitors potentiated DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint and apoptosis, if compared to single agents. Olaparib was the most active PARP1 inhibitor to combine with trabectedin and we confirmed the antitumor and antimetastatic activity of trabectedin/olaparib combination in mice models. However, we observed different degree of trabectedin/olaparib synergism among different cell lines. Namely, in DMR leiomyosarcoma models the combination was significantly more active than single agents, while in SJSA-1 osteosarcoma models no further advantage was obtained if compared to trabectedin alone. aCGH and GEP revealed that key components of DNA-repair pathways were involved in trabectedin/olaparib synergism. In particular, PARP1 expression dictated the degree of the synergism. Indeed, trabectedin/olaparib synergism was increased after PARP1 overexpression and reduced after PARP1 silencing. Conclusions: PARP1 inhibition potentiated trabectedin activity in a PARP1-dependent manner and PARP1 expression in tumor cells might be a useful predictive biomarker that deserves clinical evaluation
