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A IDA based Framework for the Assessment of Seismic Fragility of Infilled Frames with and without prior Seismic Damage
No full textSeismic events are generally followed by a number of secondary shakings (aftershocks). Buildings which have resisted mainshocks are more or less vulnerable to further shakings as the have experienced damaging during the first event. Masonry infill walls are commonly used in reinforced concrete structures and it is well known that they strongly interact with primary structures in presence of seismic loads. Infills may be beneficial or not to the capacity of buildings to resist earthquakes, but since they have a role in seismic response in mainshocks, they also influence the structural behavior during aftershocks. An assessment framework aimed at determining fragility curves of bare and infilled frames subject to previous seismic damage is presented in this paper. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) has been used by adopting a set of ground motions defined by combining a fixed (mainshock) and a variable (aftershock) part of the signal, which has been scaled in amplitude with respect to increasing intensity levels. Fragility curves are finally derived considering the cases of no pre-damaging, low predamaging, and high pre-damaging for both bare and infilled framed structures. Results show that masonry infills can reduce seismic vulnerability to aftershocks if they are regularly distributed and if local shear failures are avoided
Petrarca, Thoreau e l'orto di Dongtan. Oltre l'agricoltura urbana e al di là del paesaggio
No full textAge-friendly cities: spazio pubblico e spazio privato
No full textAn age-friendly city is the result of an integrated approach centred on people's needs, where user satisfaction is the main goal of design, both in public and private spaces. "Age-friendliness" must be founded on a multidisciplinary approach: if the city and the constructions represented (outdoor spaces and buildings; transportation; housing) are the "hardware" (tangible), then the age-friendly community (social participation; respect and social inclusion; civic participation and employment; communication and information) is the "software (intangible). Tangible and intangible issues must work together in order to effectively meet elderly people's needs
Disegni di Gaspare Beretta nel territorio europeo per la difesa, nei secoli XVII e XVIII
No full textThe aim of this contribution is to refresh my studies on Gaspare Beretta, published in the 90's. At the service of three kings, Philip IV, Charles II, Philip V, thanks to his memory of 1696 we know a lot about his life: from the first enrollment 1639-51, to his election as State's First Engineer in 1657, up to being designated as Engineer of Factories, from 1651 to 1703. The documents analyzed, which are often autograph, are locate in: Biblioteche Trivulziana e Ambrosiana, Civica Raccolta «Bertarelli», Archivi di Stato di Milano e Torino; Archivo General de Simancas, and Osterreichisches Staatsarchiv, Kriegsarchiv, Vienna. The accurate drawings, of great skill, often with captions, reveal a mature awareness in the theories and techniques of representation of cities, fortresses and territory, especially when compared to the previous generation. The new grammar of the bastioned front is characterized by bulwarks of larger sizes, multiple levels of artillery in casemates and open pit, greater use of advanced works - ravelins, crescents, counterguards, lunettes, arrows, batten - with ditches, covered roads and feasting divided by gabions, paradoxes, bearers stands, with border squares, hub, supportive. The drawings will be cross evaluated with various documents and compared with drawing schools, geometry and military strategies. Beretta, therefore, has a strong profile in European defense context. If the predecessors are Baldovino, Prestino e Richino, his collaborators Formenti, Sesti, Joseph Chafrion Serena, the new masters - strangers to Italy - Pagan, Vauban, Frenchs; van Rusensteen, van Coehoorn, Storf de Belleville, Dutch; de Verboom, Flemish
La rete degli Osservatori locali del paesaggio del Piemonte
No full textLa Rete degli Osservatori locali del Paesaggio del Piemonte, attiva già dal 2006, si è costituita formalmente nel 2009 con l'obiettivo di condividere e mettere a sistema le attività di diverse associazioni - gli Osservatori del paesaggio - operanti nel campo della conoscenza, della salvaguardia e della valorizzazione del paesaggio. La realtà piemontese, da questo punto di vista, con dieci Osservatori del paesaggio attivi sul territorio e aderenti alla Rete di coordinamento, costituisce un'esperienza unica, riconosciuta non solo a livello locale e nazionale, ma anche europeo
Cèsar Manrique e Lanzarote: il colore nel paesaggio di terra lavica
No full textLa pubblicazione analizza lo stile architettonico di Manrique che si basava sulla salvaguardia della natura, ottenuta attraverso la costruzione in perfetta armonia con l'ambiente circostante. Gli interventi di Manrique sull'isola vanno dal decretare che il colore per tutte le costruzioni fosse il bianco (come da tradizione delle antiche case fatte con la calce) a vari interventi spettacolari dove la sua incredibile capacità di fondersi ed integrarsi con l'ambiente ha dato vita a veri e propri capolavori. Manrique proteggeva la natura, non la intaccava con le costruzioni. Ne sono un chiaro esempio il ristorante El Diablo progettato all'interno del Parco Nazionale di Timanfaya, perfettamente integrato nelle sue colorazioni esterne con l'ambiente arido dei vulcani, il Mirador del Rio sulla punta nord dell'isola realizzato all'interno della montagna, i Jameos del Agua, una serie di grotte scavate dalla lava fusa in cui si infiltra l'oceano dove Manrique ebbe l'idea di costruirvi accanto un ristorante, una sala da concerti e un centro didattico sui vulcani. Nello stile cubico di Lanzarote costruì su bolle vulcaniche la casa-studio, dove integrò abilmente le cavità nella pianta della sua abitazione, ad ognuna delle quali dedicò un colore diverso (bianco, giallo, rosso, nero,) collegandole con gallerie ricavate nella roccia basaltica imbiancata a calce. Il modo in cui Cesar Manrique convertì queste bolle in stanze, il modo in cui le arredò, in cui creò bianchissimi pavimenti che si contrappongono al nero delle pareti, unitamente alla scelta di inserire nella bolla a cielo aperto una piscina dalle acque turchesi affiancata da un rigoglioso giardino di piante grasse, dimostrano la sua genialità
VEGF-Mediated Signal Transduction in Tumor Angiogenesis
No full textThe vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis. Through its primary receptor VEGFR-2, VEGF exerts the activity of a multitasking cytokine, which is able to stimulate endothelial cell survival, invasion and migration into surrounding tissues, proliferation, as well as vascular permeability and inflammation. The core components of VEGF signaling delineate well-defined intracellular routes. However, the whole scenario is complicated by the fact that cascades of signals converge and branch at many points in VEGF signaling, thus depicting a complex signal transduction network that is also finely regulated by different mechanisms. In this chapter, we present a careful collection of the best-characterized VEGF-induced signal transduction pathways, attempting to offer an overview of the complexity of VEGF signaling in the context of tumor angiogenesis