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Recent Advances in the Modeling of the Impact of Nonlinear Fiber Propagation Effects on Uncompensated Coherent Transmission Systems
No full textThe last few years have seen a wealth of new nonlinear propagation modeling results appear in the literature, especially regarding coherent systems operating in the absence of optical dispersion compensation. One of the most prolific lines of research, though not the only one, has been that of improvements and upgrades to the Gaussian-noise (GN) model, which have also led to the so-called enhanced GN model, or EGN model. In addition, many specific aspects of nonlinear propagation, including format and symbol-rate dependence of nonlinearity generation, long-correlated nonlinear phase and polarization noise, the effect of copropagating amplified spontaneous emission noise and distributed amplification, and still others, have been focused on and several new related results have been published. This has been a very positive trend but, from the viewpoint of the end users, such as system and network designers, this large body of new knowledge may have been found difficult to sort out. The question of when and whether more sophisticated models are truly needed in any given system/network scenario, for a given set of accuracy and computational complexity constraints, then naturally arises. This paper tries to address this practical issue and provide indications regarding possible effective solution to varied end-users' requirements
Abitare e città pubblica contemporanea: i nuovi standard urbanistici
No full textA circa 50 anni dal DI 1444/68 è necessario riflettere sul ruolo che gli Standard hanno avuto nella progettazione e costruzione della città pubblica, sul tipo di domanda che li aveva ispirati e sulla loro innovazione. Il Dibattito, cui partecipano alcuni interlocutori privilegiati, verte su logiche e principi alla base della nozione contemporanea di spazio e città pubblica, a partire da Torino. Il vidio propone la sintesi delle riflessini svolte al Dibattito "Qualità dell'abitare e standard urbanistici della città pubblica contemporanea", Torino 25 maggio 2017, nel contesto del Festival Architettura in Città 2017
Cross layer reliability estimation for digital systems
No full textForthcoming manufacturing technologies hold the promise to increase multifuctional computing systems performance and functionality thanks to a remarkable growth of the device integration density. Despite the benefits introduced by this technology improvements, reliability is becoming a key challenge for the semiconductor industry. With transistor size reaching the atomic dimensions, vulnerability to unavoidable fluctuations in the manufacturing process and environmental stress rise dramatically. Failing to meet a reliability requirement may add excessive re-design cost to recover and may have severe consequences on the success of a product. %Worst-case design with large margins to guarantee reliable operation has been employed for long time. However, it is reaching a limit that makes it economically unsustainable due to its performance, area, and power cost. One of the open challenges for future technologies is building ``dependable'' systems on top of unreliable components, which will degrade and even fail during normal lifetime of the chip. Conventional design techniques are highly inefficient. They expend significant amount of energy to tolerate the device unpredictability by adding safety margins to a circuit's operating voltage, clock frequency or charge stored per bit. Unfortunately, the additional cost introduced to compensate unreliability are rapidly becoming unacceptable in today's environment where power consumption is often the limiting factor for integrated circuit performance, and energy efficiency is a top concern. Attention should be payed to tailor techniques to improve the reliability of a system on the basis of its requirements, ending up with cost-effective solutions favoring the success of the product on the market. Cross-layer reliability is one of the most promising approaches to achieve this goal. Cross-layer reliability techniques take into account the interactions between the layers composing a complex system (i.e., technology, hardware and software layers) to implement efficient cross-layer fault mitigation mechanisms. Fault tolerance mechanism are carefully implemented at different layers starting from the technology up to the software layer to carefully optimize the system by exploiting the inner capability of each layer to mask lower level faults. For this purpose, cross-layer reliability design techniques need to be complemented with cross-layer reliability evaluation tools, able to precisely assess the reliability level of a selected design early in the design cycle. Accurate and early reliability estimates would enable the exploration of the system design space and the optimization of multiple constraints such as performance, power consumption, cost and reliability. This Ph.D. thesis is devoted to the development of new methodologies and tools to evaluate and optimize the reliability of complex digital systems during the early design stages. More specifically, techniques addressing hardware accelerators (i.e., FPGAs and GPUs), microprocessors and full systems are discussed. All developed methodologies are presented in conjunction with their application to real-world use cases belonging to different computational domains
Energy tunnels for heating and cooling
No full textThis paper focuses on the possibility of thermal activation of tunnel linings. Particularly, attention will be paid on a new energy segment that can be used together with TBM tunnelling to create so-called ‘energy tunnels'. Design analysis to quantify the exploitable heat and to assess the possible consequences on the surrounding ground and the structure itself makes effective use of computational methods. The paper shows how thermo-hydro and thermo-mechanical numerical analyses can be used to allow for a proper and effective design of energy tunnels. Two examples of possible applications will also be presented
Landscape Planning at the Local Level
No full textThe book, showing virtuous examples of urban planning in Italy and Europe, exposes certain doubts and open questions: what is the new role of urban planning? What actions / rules are now achievable for the protection, planning and management of local-scale landscapes? The overall reflections gathered in the book contribute to suggest innovative visions about landscape planning at local scale, seen as first steps towards a more functional change of perspective. New landscapes are the result of local planning practices that no longer seem able to "understand" the current society through urban design. Public space and new urban centralities interact with the increasingly complex functions of social life and mark the distance from territorial values, relying less and less on physical relationships (economic and functional) and increasingly on symbolic and intangible relationships, as ‘cultural identity'. Landscape is essential for the sustainable future of the urban and rural territory: the landscape quality is a factor of economic competitiveness and acts also as a factor of social cohesion and integration
HARMONIC PULSE TESTING FOR GAS WELL DELIVERABILITY ASSESSMENT
No full textHarmonic Pulse Testing was introduced in the early 1970's as a special case of pulse testing. It is characterized by a periodic variation of production/injection rate. Subsequent developments proved that it could provide the same information as a conventional well test (permeability and skin, heterogeneity) in addition to those given by a pulse test (areal connectivity within the reservoir) if proper interpretation models were adopted. Consequently, it can be considered as a promising methodology to test a well during ongoing field operations without stopping production and thus it is very attractive for monitoring well performance, especially of gas storage wells. Initially applied to oil wells, Harmonic Pulse Testing has recently been extended to gas wells for which the assumption of Darcy flow regime is no longer valid because of inertial phenomena and/or turbulence. Harmonic Pulse Testing for gas wells comprises three or more consecutive sequences of pulses characterized by increasing average rate, similar to a Flow After Flow test. The interpretation of a single-well Harmonic Pulse test is based on the derivative approach in the frequency domain to obtain kh and the skin components (mechanical skin and D factor). The possibility of assessing well deliverability from a multi-sequence pulse test was analysed in the research work presented in this paper. Different Pulse test configurations were considered and compared with the well-established Flow After Flow test in terms of deliverability estimate. To this end synthetic well test data were generated and sensitivity to test design, well parameters and reservoir interference were carried out. Results show that multi-sequence pulse tests can be used to obtain the well deliverability of a gas well with the advantage that both the tested well and the neighboring wells needn't be shut-in prior to or during the test
A new architecture for cross-repository creation and sharing of educational resources
No full textA large amount of educational resources are currently available in the Internet, covering educational needs for many school grades. However, using such wealth of material, typically dispersed in several repositories, in a simple and effective way, is rather challenging due to the difficulties encountered by teachers in learning the peculiar access and operational procedures that each repository system requires. Therefore, it is important to provide the teachers with a centralized, integrated, simple system that can address most of their needs so that every operation (search, edit, share, download) can be done from a single location. This work follows this direction by designing and presenting both an architecture to integrate different repository systems using the Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) API and an integration layer that provides a simple web interface suitable for the needs of both the content creators (teachers) and the users of the contents (learners). Results have been evaluated both quantitatively, i.e., using performance indicators such as response time, and qualitatively, on the basis of the user experience evaluated through a questionnaire. Both type of results show that the platform adequately addresses user needs therefore it has the potential to be embraced by a large user community
Elastic All-Optical Networks: A New Paradigm Enabled by the Physical Layer. How to Optimize Network Performances?
No full textEnvironmental analysis of a potential district heating network powered by a large-scale cogeneration plant
No full textEffect of Partial Crystallization on the Structural and Luminescence Properties of Er3+-Doped Phosphate Glasses
No full textEr-doped phosphate glass ceramics were fabricated by melt-quenching technique followed by a heat treatment. The effect of the crystallization on the structural and luminescence properties of phosphate glasses containing Al2O3, TiO2, and ZnO was investigated. Themorphological and structural properties of the glass ceramics were characterized by Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the luminescence spectra and the lifetime values were measured in order to study the influence of the crystallization on the spectroscopic properties of the glasses. The volume ratio between the crystal and the glassy phases increased along with the duration of the heat treatment. The crystallization of the glass ceramics was confirmed by the presence of sharp peaks in the XRD patterns and different crystal phases were identified depending on the glass composition. Sr(PO3)2 crystals were found to precipitate in all the investigated glasses. As evidenced by the spectroscopic properties, the site of the Er3+ ions was not strongly affected by the heat treatment except for the fully crystallized glass ceramic which does not contain Al2O3, TiO2, and ZnO. An increase of the lifetime was also observed after the heat treatment of this glass. Therefore, we suspect that the Er3+ ions are incorporated in the precipitated crystals only in this glass ceramic