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Modulating selectivity in polymerization catalysis through noncovalent interactions: insights from experiments and DFT studies
No full textThis review explores the role of noncovalent interactions (NCIs) in governing selectivity in polymerization catalysis, integrating evidence from experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The discussion covers a wide range of catalytic systems, from α-olefin polymerizations mediated by transition-metal complexes to the ring-opening (co)polymerization of biodegradable polymers promoted by organometallic and organocatalytic species. Analysis of NCIs through DFT modeling highlights their crucial influence on catalyst performance, emphasizing how interactions among the catalyst, monomer, and growing polymer chain may affect polymerization selectivity. Particular attention is given to representative cases where NCIs, such as hydrogen bonding and C–H⋯F interactions, play a crucial mechanistic role. Finally, the review extends the discussion to the contribution of NCIs in polymer stereocomplexation, underscoring their impact not only on polymerization mechanisms but also on the resulting material properties
Anisotropy-driven double corrugation: Coexistence of one- and two-dimensional wave patterns in epitaxial graphene on iridium
No full textTailoring the electronic properties of graphene is crucial for a variety of applications. In this study, we investigate
the graphene growth on the high Miller-index, anisotropic Ir(311) surface, where it self-organizes into one-
dimensional ripples accompanied by a short-wavelength, two-dimensional wave pattern that is spatially
confined between them. By employing a combination of spectroscopy- and microscopy-based techniques, we
show that carbon atoms on the ripples interact weakly with the substrate, whereas those in the flatter region
between two ripples experience stronger interaction with iridium atoms, leading to a partial rehybridization of
carbon orbitals towards sp3 character. Complementary density functional theory calculations identify at least
three distinct families of non-equivalent carbon atoms within the graphene layer and reveal that atoms on ripples
are subjected to compressive strain. Since both compressive strain and corrugation are key factors in influencing
graphene’s chemical reactivity, the coexistence of two different wave pattern on graphene/Ir(311) system points
to a region-specific reactivity. This spatial modulation of properties offers exciting potential for the design of
bifunctional catalysts, particularly for hydrogen storage applications and for advanced materials in spintronic
Housing, living conditions, and settlement patterns of selected communities of foreign origin in Naples. Insights from a micro-macro approach
No full textWe aim to update the knowledge framework on the different settlement geographies and on the housing and living conditions of selected foreign communities living in Naples, the capital of Campania region. To this aim we propose a micro-macro approach that combines micro data, coming from the SCIC (Sistema cittadino per l’integrazione di comunità) sample survey carried out in Naples in 2022 on adult immigrants belonging to selected communities of foreign origin according to their country of citizenship at birth (Sri Lanka, Ukraine, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Nigeria and Senegal), and macro data, coming from the permanent census of 2021. In a general framework with significant heterogeneity, results highlight that settlement patterns are generally linked to housing and living conditions with few exceptions. The Pakistanis and the Bangladeshis are more concentrated and segregated in historical centre and have worst housing and living conditions in terms of crowding and availability of accommodation, but not in terms of accommodation’s irregularity. Conversely, the Ukrainians have a widespread settlement model with the highest frequency of house for rent without a regular contract, but also the lowest crowding index
The effect of certified pasture-fed cream on the physical properties of mix and ice cream during storage
No full textDespite the growing popularity of pasture-fed dairy, its effects on ice cream properties remain underexplored. This study investigated the physical properties of emulsions and ice creams made with certified pasture-fed cream versus conventional cream. Creams were characterised by fatty acid profiles and thermal properties. All ice cream formulations were standardised to 10.5 % milk fat, 11 % milk solids-not-fat, 13 % sucrose, 0.2 % stabilisers and 0.2 % emulsifiers. Pasture-fed cream showed lower saturated and higher unsaturated and branched-chain fatty acids, leading to lower solid fat content, crystallization enthalpy, and melting temperature. The aged pasture-fed mix exhibited lower solid fat, viscosity, and viscoelastic moduli. Ice creams made with pasture-fed cream showed lower hardness, particularly after one month, and a higher melting rate. Over 12 weeks, hardness and fat agglomeration increased in all samples. These findings may support the development of ice creams formulated with pasture-fed dairy ingredients, contributing to product innovation and differentiation
in the dairy sector
An integrated multidimensional risk framework for volcanic hazard zones: insights from Mt. Vesuvius, Italy
No full textMt. Vesuvius, located in Campania Region (Southern Italy), is considered one of the world’s most dangerous volcanoes due to its probability of future explosive eruptions in a densely populated area. When large populations or significant assets are exposed to volcanic hazards and exhibit high vulnerability, the potential for disaster increases. Consequently, combining volcanic hazard with demographic, social and building characteristics becomes essential to manage disasters. The approach presented in this work in based on integrated multidimensional and multisource framework aimed to risk analysis. It integrates diverse geospatial datasets, by exploring the relationship between long-term volcanic hazard (pyroclastic density currents), human population features (population exposure and social vulnerability) and building characteristics (building
exposure and physical vulnerability). The challenge of this approach is to standardize the metrics belonging to physical hazard with those of potential vulnerability and exposure (which derived from different measures), to investigate the volcanic risk spatial distribution. By using Geographic Information System tools and statistical analyses, the approach identifies and prioritizes areas requiring focused mitigation strategies, at the Enumeration Area level. The resulting risk map highlights that areas classified as levels 4 and 5 are mainly concentrated in the northwestern sector of Mount Vesuvius, in particular inside the municipalities of Sant’Anastasia, Volla, Cercola, San Sebastiano al Vesuvio, Ercolano, Portici, and Naples
Le misure di contrasto alla criminalità minorile nel c.d. “decreto Caivano”
No full textIn continuità con altri provvedimenti, il Governo ripropone con il decreto – legge n. 123/2023 , convertito, con modificazioni, dalla legge 13
novembre 2023 n. 159, la tecnica di ampliamento delle fattispecie e di inasprimento sanzionatorio ‘a rilascio progressivo’, come dimostrano le
variazioni sul tema intervenute negli ultimi anni, con i vari «pacchetti sicurezza»
Management strategies for burning mouth syndrome: a comprehensive review
No full textBurning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a complex chronic neuropathic orofacial pain disorder characterized by a persistent burning or dysesthetic sensation in the oral cavity without an identifiable organic cause. The management of BMS has evolved beyond symptom relief to focus on achieving full functional recovery (FFR), which encompasses restoring patients to their usual activities without restrictions, addressing both physical and psychological dimensions. Key pharmacological treatments such as clonazepam and capsaicin are explored in detail, alongside the potential of newer agents like various classes of antidepressants (including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, vortioxetine) and antiepileptics showing promise in addressing the multifactorial nature of BMS. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), are highlighted for their potential to complement pharmacological treatments. These interventions aim to modify pain perception, reduce psychological burdens, and enhance overall quality of life. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, stress management techniques, improved sleep hygiene, and regular physical activity, are essential components of a holistic treatment plan that addresses modifiable risk factors affecting brain health. The integration of telemedicine and digital health resources is proposed to enhance patient management and accessibility to multidisciplinary care. This review provides a comprehensive update on all available therapeutic approaches for BMS, encompassing pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacotherapeutic interventions, and lifestyle optimization strategies, offering a holistic perspective on managing this condition
