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The Islamic Republic of Iran and International and Regional Orders: A Roundtable Discussion
No full textA Novel System-Based Empirical Mode Decomposition with Improved Upper Bounds Applied to Environmental Datasets
No full textWe are interested in modelling smaller datasets to generate more accurate, sub-regional or regional climate forecasts. The focus of this paper is to present the findings of a study investigating the application of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to identify the components of the signal from which we can subsequently derive an iterated function system (IFS). One could develop a series of models, which are not based on big data, but rather allow for a cyclical model to keep the cycle iterating so that the model can be more responsive and adaptive to changes in the climate. The results presented in this paper have identified a new upper bound for the number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) obtained after EMD. The goal of the research is to develop a model where climate data could be iterated adaptively between models
Legacies of the Lost in Criminology
No full textThis powerful and reflective book explores the losses encountered during social research—of people, communities and environments—collectively referred to as The Lost. Drawing on the contributors’ varied research experiences, it gives voice to lives marked by marginalisation, trauma or quiet disappearance. Stories emerge from women who didn’t survive domestic abuse to those displaced by ‘natural’ disasters, or affected by homelessness. Through deeply personal and ethical reflections, each chapter considers how these losses shape both research and researcher.
Offering new insights into harm, reflexivity and the emotional toll of fieldwork, this is an essential contribution to critical criminology and social research methodology
Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland: <i>Geranium sylvaticum</i> * - No. 308
No full textThis account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Geranium sylvaticum L. (Wood Crane's‐Bill) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, conservation and management.
Geranium sylvaticum is a perennial forb of woodland, semi‐natural grassland, tall‐herb vegetation, boreal dwarf shrub heaths and subalpine and subarctic scrub. In Britain and Ireland, it occurs in cool and moist northern‐montane climates, in upland hay meadows, road verges, riverbanks, fens and mires, mountain rock ledges, crags and ravines and upland mixed ash forests.
Geranium sylvaticum is widespread in Scotland and northern England, with scattered native occurrences in Wales, central England and at the coast of County Antrim, Ireland. It has an extensive native range in Europe and Asia. At the northeastern end of this range, G. sylvaticum can occur down to sea level, whereas in more southern range parts, it is limited to mountain habitats.
In Britain and Ireland, Geranium sylvaticum is a species mainly of neutral to moderately calcareous soils of intermediate fertility. In its continental Eurasian range, it also occurs on more acidic soils.
Geranium sylvaticum is gynodioecious, that is individual plants are typically female or hermaphrodite. Occasionally, individuals are gynomonoecious, producing both female and hermaphrodite flowers. Female flowers are usually smaller than the protrandrous hermaphrodite flowers. Flowers are visited by insects of the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera, as well as Coleoptera and Hemiptera.
Primary seed dispersal of G. sylvaticum is ballistic, that is seeds are ejected from fruits. The species has a transient soil seed bank persisting for less than 12 months. The seeds have physical dormancy, that is their seed coat is initially impermeable to water. The species has little capacity for vegetative spread.
In Britain and Ireland, G. sylvaticum underwent long‐term distributional decline mostly before 1987. A marked recent increase in records has been observed in northern Scotland, due to either a slight northerly shift in its distribution and/or increased recording in previously underrecorded areas
An analysis of neglected and underutilised species integration in UK alternative food networks: a case study of Dorset
No full textThe global food system remains critically vulnerable due to an over-dependency on a narrow range of 12 staple crops and 5 livestock breeds. This limited diversity increases exposure to climate shocks, biodiversity loss, and dietary restrictions. Moving beyond paradigms of sustainable intensification, this study explores the potential of neglected and underutilized species (NUS) to foster diversification and resilience. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach in Dorset, UK, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a photographic inventory exercise with 11 food system actors. Findings reveal strong intrinsic motivations among actors driven by wellbeing and ecological stewardship; however, NUS integration is significantly hindered by regulatory barriers, risk perception, and rigid definitions of “legitimate” food. Wild venison is highlighted as an exemplar capable of supporting nutritional security, ecosystem services, and local livelihoods, aligning with UN SDGs 1, 2, 13, and 15. The findings highlight that unlocking the potential of NUS requires systemic interventions in policy, infrastructure, and knowledge systems rather than individual behavior change alone, offering a vital pathway for food sovereignty and biodiversity conservation
Navigating the boundary between ‘normative’ and ‘non-normative’ collective action: A British case study of the removal of a public statue associated with racism
No full textPsychological research typically distinguishes between normative (e.g., peaceful protests, petitions) and non-normative (e.g., property destruction, riots) collective action. This binary framework has proved useful in exploring the psychological factors that shape different forms of collective action. However, recent critiques suggest it oversimplifies the fluid, contested, and context-dependent nature of collective protest. Our paper develops these critiques through qualitative analysis of walking interview accounts and courtroom transcripts of an event occurring at a 2020 Black Lives Matter rally in the city of Bristol, UK. During this event, a public statue of Edward Colston (1636-1721), a 17th century slaver, was toppled, defaced, and thrown in the River Avon, and four protestors were subsequently charged with, then acquitted of, criminal damage. Implications for conceptualising and investigating collective action are explored and the importance of recovering the situated meanings and consequences of local understandings of normative and non-normative action emphasised
Trialblazers: patient-driven redesign of a clinical trial in psoriatic arthritis
No full textPatient and public involvement in clinical research is becoming increasingly recognised as an essential factor in ensuring research is relevant, effective, and aligned with patient and public priorities. Despite widespread agreement about its importance, patient involvement at the research design stage remains uncommon in clinical trials. However, in complex or underserved conditions such as psoriatic arthritis, there is growing recognition that early, meaningful involvement is essential. Patient involvement in research on complex conditions is more common, and in some cases, can be more impactful than in studies of well understood conditions such as hypertension
Co‐Development of an Evidence‐Based Breastfeeding Support Intervention, Optimised for Delivery in Healthcare Settings, and Adaptations for Mothers With Long‐Term Conditions: The Action for Breastfeeding (A4B) Programme
No full textThis intervention development study aimed to work with a wide range of stakeholders across the UK to integrate existing global evidence on the effectiveness and implementation of breastfeeding support for mothers with/without long‐term conditions and co‐develop a complex intervention optimised for delivery in healthcare settings. The intervention development process was informed by four systematic reviews, conducted alongside an embedded programme of co‐production work between 2020 and 2025, involving: two stakeholder working groups (SWG) and two parent panels (PP) that met at regular intervals during the study; six focus group discussions (FGD) to ensure engagement with parents from socially disadvantaged groups; and 10 co‐production workshops (Co‐PW) involving parents, third sector organisations, healthcare practitioners, managers, commissioners, policymakers, and academics. Systematic reviews synthesised data from 116 randomised controlled trials and 16 process evaluations of breastfeeding support interventions for healthy mothers; and 22 trials and 24 studies on views/experiences of breastfeeding support in mothers with long‐term conditions. The co‐production work involved 23 stakeholders and 16 parents in SWG and PP meetings, 15 parents in FGD, and 128 stakeholders in Co‐PW. The resulting Action for Breastfeeding (A4B) Programme comprised four core components (antenatal, postnatal, follow‐up, and signposting) with associated implementation strategies, mechanisms of action, and outcomes for evaluation. Materials and guidance to support adoption and delivery were co‐designed. The A4B Programme provides an evidence‐based and co‐produced intervention to deliver organised support for breastfeeding mothers in healthcare settings, with proposed adaptations for mothers with long‐term conditions. Some uncertainties remain and these will be investigated in our future work
Virtue ethics and being a researcher: Introduction to ethical decision-making
No full textWhilst the main body of this book focuses on illustrating the British Educational Research Association’s fifth edition of its ethical guidelines for educational research (BERA, 2024) in action, this chapter steps back to set the scene by looking at how culturally situated values affect how researchers enact any set of guidelines. It does so by taking a meta-ethical viewpoint to explore the basis for how and why researchers and those who participate in their studies might value different virtues and vices in their own lives and those of others. Virtue ethics is a framework which offers one way of looking globally at what might be expected of a researcher and a researcher can expect of those they interact with, as they seek to put into practice any set of ethical guidelines they have chosen to take advice from. The chapter explores commonalities and divergences in different cultural expressions of virtuous living to leave a reader with an awareness of how different views of virtuous behaviour, might inform decisions made in the course of research