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Home death as a conditional ideal: ethnographic insights from an English hospital
No full textAdvance care planning is a process that involves ascertaining and documenting a patient’s preference for future care, especially in the context of end-of-life care. Based on an ethnographic study of advance care planning involving fieldwork in an English teaching hospital in 2018, this paper highlights how for healthcare staff, advance care planning is about more than patient preferences. Instead, for staff, advance care planning links to notions of how to achieve a good death, which many interpreted as ensuring patients can die at home. Within this logic, home death was conceived as a strived for ideal. Yet, staff acknowledged home deaths were not always possible, dependent on the availability and capability of home-based care and symptom management. As such, staff recognised a need for ‘flexibility’ with processes that may focus on ensuring a patient dies at home. Consequently, we interpret this as seeing home death as a conditional ideal. This builds on existing literature that outlines and challenges expectations of good death, home death and discussion of place of death, crucially adding a term – conditional ideal – by which to understand the nuance that exists between discourses of end-of-life care and how it unfolds for staff, patients, and families
Heat penetration in reactive porous beds
No full textThis study investigates how the ignition method, diffusion-, and convection-driven influences heat penetration in a reactive porous bed of coconut-shell charcoal. A series of 28 controlled experiments was conducted under both diffusion- and convection-driven combustion modes, varying ignition protocols and thermocouple depths within a custom-designed combustion cell. The temperature evolution was measured to delineate heat penetration zones, including water condensation, preheating, and chemical reaction fronts. Results reveal that in assisted ignition, continuous external heating sustains combustion and deepens heat penetration by maintaining high-temperature gradients. In contrast, non-assisted ignition, which relies solely on internal heat release, exhibits faster cooling and limited penetration due to early heat loss and extinction risk. Heat maps constructed from the data show broader preheating zones under diffusion conditions and more pronounced condensation layers under convection. These findings highlight the critical role of ignition conditions in modulating thermal gradients and sustaining smoldering fronts, with implications for fire safety, waste-to-energy systems, and porous media combustion modeling
Inclusive Student Belonging in Online Distance Learning
No full textOur chapter explores how inclusive practices can foster a deeper sense of belonging for students in online and distance learning environments—an area that continues to grow in importance as education evolves.
Chapter 11 explores the challenges of fostering inclusive student belonging and agency in online distance learning environments. It presents case study-based evidence from the Open University's Belonging, United and Diverse (BUD) project, which partnered student interns from under-represented groups with university staff. The interns, acting as scholarship partners and student ‘buddies’ co-created inclusive learning spaces within online discussion forums for learners in pre-degree ‘Access’ modules.
This chapter analyses how the project, by explicitly addressing power dynamics, empowered student interns, enhanced their employability skills, and fostered a stronger sense of belonging. Access students valued the buddies’ contributions with 68% stating that they felt better connected with the wider university community. BUD's approach offers a model for institutions seeking to improve diverse student engagement and success in virtual learning space
Birth, life and death of the Devonian Chaitenia back-arc along the Southwestern Gondwanan margin (southern Chile)
No full textThe late Paleozoic evolution of SW Gondwana at the current latitudes of 38-40°S involved three different blocks (Chilenia, Chaitenia and North Patagonia), whose origin and tectonic evolution is debated, making paleogeographic reconstructions challenging. Here we address this issue by constraining the tectonic setting and the metamorphic evolution of mafic rocks outcropping in three sectors (Guzmán at 38°33′S, San Carlos at 40°54′S, Los Pabilos at 40°57′S) of the late Paleozoic basal accretionary complex of the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. The geochemical results suggest that their protoliths originated in a back-arc lithosphere correlating with the Chaitenia back-arc while our P–T–t paths reconstructions show that this basin closed diachronically. In the southern part of the basin, the peak metamorphic conditions of ∼ 450 °C and 1.4–1.6 GPa estimated for the San Carlos blueschists are interpreted as representing a cold thermal configuration for the subduction already reached at 335 Ma (in situ 40Ar/39Ar on phengite). Comparatively, in its northern part, the Guzmán garnet-bearing amphibolites still followed at the same time a warmer counterclockwise P–T path, interpreted as the initiation of the intra-back-arc subduction, reaching metamorphic peak conditions of ∼ 650 °C and 1–1.2 GPa. The amphibolites further cooled down to 500 °C at 311–299 Ma (in situ 40Ar/39Ar on hornblende) and underwent a hydration event under conditions of 480–520 °C and 0.8–1.1 GPa at 277–270 Ma (in situ 40Ar/39Ar on actinolite). Our results suggest that the Chaitenia oceanic arc and back-arc system extended about 300 km further north than previously thought, up to the present 38°S latitude. Moreover, we propose that the opening of the Chaitenia back-arc is closely linked to along-strike transition from collision of the Chilenia terrane at the northwest to normal subduction beneath the North Patagonian margin at the southeast, triggering slab curving, tearing and roll-back
Citizens as victims of human trafficking: Approaches to domestic trafficking in Spain, Ukraine and the United Kingdom
No full textAs of 2022, over half of all trafficking victims identified globally had been exploited in their home countries. However, state approaches to the recognition of victims of domestic trafficking via administrative procedures and in judicial proceedings have not been analysed in the literature, warranting an inquiry into the determinants of inclusion of exploitation of citizens onto national anti-trafficking agendas. This article employs legislative, case law and public policy analysis to characterise national approaches to domestic trafficking in Spain, Ukraine and the United Kingdom and identify the factors conducive to the recognition of citizens as trafficking victims. The findings show that the visibility of and policies on domestic trafficking depend on the type of exploitation prioritised, the authority providing accreditation for trafficking victims, local interpretations of the offence, the intensiveness of cooperation and the congruence of interests between domestic and international actors, as well as the impact of, and national responses to, regional integration processes and international crises. The article concludes that both inclusion and rejection of national victims articulate, in different ways, the rise in socioeconomic inequality within societies, suggesting a social rights perspective on trafficking prevention
Contraceptive side effects: the case for considering lived experiences in contraceptive consultations
No full textBackground: Recent research has shown that women often report that their concerns are not listened to in exchanges with clinicians when accessing reproductive healthcare, including contraceptive consultations. When people do not feel listened to, or have their concerns taken seriously, this can lead to disengagement with contraceptive services, and distrust of healthcare professionals.
Methods: A participatory approach, with 18 volunteer researchers interviewing 52 friends and family members about information seeking and contraceptive methods.
Results: Most participants were not satisfied with contraceptive consultations and felt that healthcare professionals did not give them all the information they wanted. Because of this, they found personal stories about contraception to be very important in their information seeking and decision-making processes. Sharing these stories, both what they heard from others and their own experiences, helped them consider potential side-effects of different methods. Participants thereby drew on vernacular knowledge (unofficial, informal and everyday culture of a group) some of which was accessed through social media. Vernacular knowledge also included experiential knowledge, as provided by friends and family members. This kind of knowledge was not covered in their contraceptive consultations.
Conclusions: Patient understandings of side-effects do not always align with medical evidence. Dismissing reported side-effects can undermine patient experience, leading to disengagement or seeking of counter-expertise. Practitioner knowledge and patient vernacular knowledge should be considered together when counselling about contraceptives. Our research suggests that a more prominent culture of active-listening is required in clinician-patient exchanges which acknowledges and works with patient concerns and lived experiences
‘Please Continue’: Implicit Communication and the Experimenter's Interventions in Stanley Milgram's Obedience to Authority Series
No full textStanley Milgram's ‘Obedience to Authority’ study demonstrated that an experimenter can lead participants to obey orders that seemingly causes others harm. To examine the nature of the experimenter's influence, we analysed the experimenter's non‐procedural interventions in 136 sessions, across four experimental conditions. Results showed that, with a sole exception, Milgram's experimenter used each of his non‐procedural interventions in less than half of both fully obedient sessions and the obedient phases of disobedient sessions. In stark contrast, the intervention ‘Please continue’ was used in virtually all obedient sessions as well as the obedient phases of disobedient sessions, and with substantial frequency. Indeed, results also demonstrated that had Milgram defined a session ‘disobedient’ when any standard prod other than ‘Please continue’ is required, the obedience rates obtained would have already been historic. These findings challenge both the neglect of the experimenter's interactional involvement in Milgram's original account and the focus on explicit acts of argumentation, manipulation, order or the forging of common identity in more contemporary research. Instead, the findings are congruent with the hypothesis that the experimenter operated implicitly, via minimal interpersonal gestures. The paper ends by discussing the claim that, belying their minimal content, these gestures may have contributed to obedience by symbolically deleting participants as active agents, and hence, coercing them
What is a Music Curriculum?
No full textThis chapter presents a critical examination of different conceptions of the music curriculum. It suggests that the music curriculum is commonly understood as being synonymous with a “curriculum document.” This document then acts as a template for what is to be taught and learnt. In academic literature, this conception of the curriculum is typically referred to either as “curriculum as content,” where the document limits itself to specifying the knowledge and skills to be learnt or “curriculum as product.” The chapter argues for a much richer conception of the music curriculum which places young people at its centre. It examines notions of the music curriculum as emergent from the interactions of teachers, young people and musical knowledge and of the curriculum as a lived experience which places young people at its heart as curriculum creators
Comparing indoor tracking of golf ball and club metrics: Consistency and absolute agreement of the Flightscope Mevo+ and Trackman 4 launch monitors
No full textBackground
This study aimed to compare the Flightscope Mevo + launch monitor against a previously validated system (Trackman 4) during full golf swings in an indoor setting.
Methods
Mevo+ and Trackman 4 were compared concurrently for driver (n = 118, 118, 174 shots, respectively). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) reported consistency and absolute agreement. Bland–Altman plots reported limits of agreement.
Results
Moderate to excellent consistency was reported for all values for driver (ICC = 0.66–0.996), 7-iron (ICC = 0.50–0.996) and pitching wedge (ICC = 0.55–1.00) except angle of attack which was poor for both 7-iron and pitching wedge (ICC = 0.06 & 0.03, respectively). For absolute agreement, Mevo + demonstrated moderate to excellent levels for most driver (ICC range = 0.58–0.98), 7-iron (ICC range = 0.83–0.94) and pitching wedge (ICC range = 0.77–0.999) variables. Driver swing plane (ICC absolute = 0.24), 7-iron angle of attack, clubhead speed, dynamic loft and spin rate (ICC absolute = 0.02, 0.44, 0.23, 0.49, 0.42, respectively) and pitching wedge angle of attack, dynamic loft, and swing plane (ICC absolute = 0.01, 0.25, 0.43, respectively) had poor agreement.
Conclusion
Mevo+ is consistent with Trackman 4 for all variables except angle of attack. It does however provide different absolute values, but usually in a consistent, systematic manner, across a number of variables. Coaches, club fitters, golfers, and scientists should be aware of these systematic differences when attempting to compare performance across launch monitors or when solely using the Mevo + system to aid performance, club building and fitting, or for research purposes