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GENE EXPRESSION IN RELATION TO BONE FRACTURES IN THROUGHBRED RACEHORSES
No full textEvidence that fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses are outcomes of chronic bone microdamage has led to extensive research into identifying horses at increased risk of fracture. This includes the use of biomarkers and messenger RNA (mRNA) as a measure of bone turnover. Previous research has found expression differences in horses with fractures compared to controls. Utilizing pre-race whole blood samples collected over an 18-month period from Thoroughbred racehorses in Southern California, RNA-sequencing was conducted on horses with bone fractures and race-matched controls to identify differences in gene expression. Focusing on third metacarpal (MC3) and proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) fractures, differentially expressed genes were identified. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify activated and inactivated pathways and upstream regulators, and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis was conducted. Genes identified in multiple analyses were assessed for log2 fold change to create a list of 23 genes of interest. Differences in expression patterns between MC3 and PSB fractures were identified. MC3 fractures showed expression suggestive of an inhibition of remodeling, and PSB fractures showed expression suggestive of enhanced osteogenesis. Additionally, many of the top genes were related to neural function, suggesting a potential link between skeletal interoception and racehorse fractures
Impact of hyperthermia and Mitomycin C on heat shock proteins, mismatch repair proteins, and cytotoxicity in colon cancer
No full textCytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a treatment used for primary peritoneal malignancy or metastases, including colon cancer. We aimed to explore the effects of hyperthermia and/or mitomycin C (MMC) on mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and heat shock proteins (hsps) and the potential for post-HIPEC treatment with pembrolizumab treatment. Colon cancer cells were treated with hyperthermia and/or MMC for 90 minutes. Subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescent imaging were performed to identify protein abundance and localization of MSH2, MLH1, hsp70, and hsp27. Proteomics analysis was performed for HT29 cells. HT29 cells and patient-derived organoids (PDOs) underwent simulated HIPEC and treatment with pembrolizumab. We found that MMC alone and in combination with hyperthermia increased levels of MSH2, hsp27, and hsp70 and across multiple cell lines, with variable localization depending on the protein of interest. In HT29 cells treated with MMC, we found an increase in positive regulators of programmed cell death at normothermia compared to hyperthermia. Hyperthermia did not increase the cytotoxicity of MMC in colon cancer cells or PDOs. Further work is needed to examine the relationships of MMR proteins and hsps and potential therapeutic impact, as well as assessing the utility of hyperthermia with intraperitoneal MMC for colon cancer
The Effect of the Harvest Time, Height and Length of Cutting on the Quality and Nutrient Yield of Japanese Millet Silage
No full textThe experiments were made to determine the appropriate harvest time, height and length of cutting of Japanese millet for silage. Harvesting the millet at the end of the late dough stage was found to be the most favorable for silage, and the fermenting quality of the silage was improved by higher cutting and keeping the length of the cutting short ( \u3c 10 mm). Dry weight yield of the plant (x) well correlated with TDN yield (Y) of the silage (r = 0.91, Y = 0.511x - 64.7). A negative correlation was obtained between the rate of temperature rise during the second fermentation process of silage broken the seal and the content of butyric acid in the silage. The second fermentation was suppressed when the butyric acid content in the total acid of the silage was more than 3 %
Energy Efficiency of Primary and Secondary Production in Grazed Pasture of Dactylis glomerata as Compared with those of Paspalum notatum
No full textTo evaluate and compare the key factors for energy efficiency in pasture production between temperate and subtropical grass sward, dry matter production and cattle gain were determined under grazing condition during 1979-1983. Seasonal changes in the biomass of above and underground organs and in surface litter were measured in the two types of the swards of orchardgrass mixed with Italian ryegrass and of Bahiagrass mixed with Vicia sp. In an e_xample of the conversion efficiency measured for the productive growing season in 1980 (Fig.1), Bahiagrass pasture fixed 1.36:% of global solar radiation as the net production including the growth of underground part, while orchardgrassltalian ryegrass pasture fixed 0.74 %. The Bahiagrass pasture, however, gave only 0.02 % of solar radiation as cattle gain on average for grazing days based on ground area, while orchardgrass-Italian ryegrass pasture presented 0.05 %. Both the values of efficiency were nearly the same (0. 36 % and O. 34 % ) at the step of digestible energy taken into cattle. The digestibility and the ratio of net energy for growth to digested energy were comparatively low in Bahiagrass pasture and were regarded as important factors for the higher efficiency in Bahiagrass pasture more than its growth attributes relating to photosynthesis. In case of orchardgrass pasture, summer depletion of both plant and cattle growth was regarded as an important problem to be solved and low palatability and digestibility of stem part would be also the problem
Effects of Rate and Timing of Glyphosate and Paraquat Application on Establishment and Production of Surface- Sown Pasture Species
No full textThis experiment was carried out during 1983-1984 to determine an effective method for the introduction of pasture species on nonarable hill country without cultivation. In this experiment, 1.8 and 2.8kg a.i.ha·1 rates of glyphosate and a 0.7kg a.i.ha·1 rate of paraquat were applied, and also 30, 45 and 60 days intervals beween spraying and sowing were used.
Establishment of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) was not affected by the application of herbicides, but that of ladino clover (Trifolium repens) was significantly affected by glyphosate and paraquat. It was found that glyphosate and paraquat have no apparent soil residual activity or pre-emergence effect when sprayed 30 to 60 days before sowing. Dry matter yield of pasture species on the herbicide treatments was significantly higher than that on the unsprayed treatments. The highest yield was obtained from the 1.8kg a.i. ha·1 rate of glyphosate 45 days before sowing. Botanical analysis at the final cut showed that shrubs and native grass of original site were reduced to 5% by glyphosate application, but those on the unsprayed control were still 51 % . Results indicated that glyphosate was more effective to control resident shrubs and grass than para��uat, and good establishment and higher yield of surface-sown pasture species can be obtained by spraying 1.8 to 2.8kg a.i. ha· of glyphosate, 30 to 45 days before sowing
The Digestibility, Intake and Rumen Fermentation by Sheep of some Tropical Grasses in Japan
No full textThe cultivation of tropical grasses is gradually becoming widespread in southwest Japan. In this research, the digestibility, voluntary intake and rumen fermentation of the tropical grasses (green panic, Rhodes grass, Sudan grass and African millet) were compared with Italian ryegrass. The crude protein contents of all tropical grasses tested were over 10% in the dry matter, and were not so much different from the Italian ryegrass. The tropical grasses, in general, had higher contents of cell wall materials and lower content of total non-structural carbohydrate than the Italian ryegrass. In the dry matter digestibility and digestible nutrient contents, the tropical grasses were similar to the poor quality Italian ryegrass. The voluntaly intake of tropical grasses, however, were obviously less than the Italian ryegrass. The total non-structural carbohydrate was almost completely digested in all the samples. The dry matter digestibility and the voluntary intake of tropical grasses significantly correlated with the content of the lignin plus silica and the NDF, respectively. The concentration of VFA and the proportion of propionic acid were lower in the rumen of sheep fed the tropical grasses than the Italian ryegrass. From these results, it must be considered that, compared with Italian ryegrass, the feeding value of tropical grasses in Japan, which have less voluntary intake and may be less efficiently utilized even if they can match in digestibility, is low
Survival of a White Clover Cultivar in New Zealand Hill Pasture
No full text100 \u27Grasslands Huia\u27 white clover plants were planted in autumn 1979 at each of 3 hill pasture sites with wet, moist or dry annual soil moisture status. Surviving plants were counted and measured for leaf number, mean leaf size and plant spread 4 times per year for 4 years. Generally, plants with more leaves or greater spread were more likely to survive. Survival was greatest (27% after 4 years) at the dry site, which had fewer plant pests and a grazing management that permitted rapid spring growth
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Screening of Astragalus species for Nitro-Toxins
No full textThe potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the prediction of nitro-toxin concentrations in 55 Astragalus species was evaluated. A calibration equation based on 90 plant samples selected to represent the range of concentrations of the 55 test species was verified on all remaining samples. The correlation coefficient, r= 0.77, indicated that the technique would be of value for the first cycle of a selection program to reduce nitro-toxin concentrations. The more exact measurements provided by conventional chemical analyses would probably be necessary in advanced cycles of selection if differences among plants or populations were smaller than those detectable by near infrared spectroscopic procedures
Improved Efficiency of Plant Regeneration from Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis) Suspension Culture
No full textSmooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss, is the most important forage grass in Canada. Breeding for improvements such as higher yield and faster regrowth has made little progress, mainly due to the polyploidy and cross-pollination which are characteristic of this grass. The application of tissue culture methods to bromegrass improvement holds promise only if an efficient procedure for plant regeneration is found. Various basal culture media and auxins were tested for their effects on callus induction, growth of suspension cultures and plant regeneration. None of the tested auxins gave better in vitro growth than 2,4-D. Eriksson\u27s medium with 2,4-D as the sole plant growth regulator was superior to all other tested media in suspension culture growth rate. The highest frequency of plant regeneration was obtained using the following regime:
1) growing suspension culture in Eriksson\u27s medium supplemented with 2.5 µ.m 2,4-D, and
2) plating cell aggregates on hormone-free Kao\u27s B medium containing 8 g/1 agar. Addition of 50 mM proline or glutamine to any of the regeneration media was inhibitory to plant regeneration